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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Walking with dinosaurs: general trading companies in the reorganization of Japanese consumer goods distribution (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of retail and distribution management 32 (2004), S. 45-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-0552
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: With the Japanese economy going through a period of prolonged stagnation many of its established institutions have to redefine themselves. Among these are General Trading Companies (sôgô shôsha), which have traditionally occupied a prominent place in the Japanese economy and are currently trying to increase their role in the Japanese retail sector. This paper explores this development at an early stage by outlining the relationships between General Trading Companies and the retail sector and providing a closer discussion of the most prominent feature within this development: the take-over of two leading convenience store chains by General Trading Companies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09590550410515542
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Description of transient states of von Kármán vortex streets by low-dimensional differential equations (1990)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 2 (1990), S. 479-481 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Aperiodic time series of hot-wire signals can be described as trajectories in a state space representation. The flow vector field is calculated by numerical differentiation of these trajectories and then each component of the flow vector field is approximated by a polynomial of order p. This approximation provides a model for the dynamics of the von Kármán vortex street by a low-dimensional system of ordinary differential equations. At a Reynolds number of 114 a compact description of the complex dynamics of the vortex street by a set of only ten parameters can be obtained. It will be shown that these parameters are independent of the probe position for distances greater than two-and-one-half cylinder diameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.857745
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling of a von Kármán vortex street at low Reynolds numbers (1992)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 4 (1992), S. 1707-1714 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Time signals of transient von Kármán vortex streets are represented as trajectories in a two-dimensional state space for Reynolds numbers between 53 and 148. From this representation, a two-dimensional system of ordinary differential equations with ten coefficients is derived and used as a model for the description of the asymptotic dynamics. Most of these coefficients are only slightly dependent on the Reynolds number, and some of them also reflect the change in vortex shedding dynamics. With the obtained low-dimensional model, the response of the vortex street to external sinusoidal and square wave signals is predicted. Furthermore, it is shown that an excessively large excitation of the vortex street by sound can lead to a more complicated higher-dimensional dynamical state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.858391
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mesospheric ozone densities deduced from solar occultation measurements
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Advances in Space Research 4 (1984), S. 69-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0273-1177
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0273-1177(84)90431-9
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal-latitudinal variations of the mesospheric ozone density
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Advances in Space Research 7 (1987), S. 39-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0273-1177
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0273-1177(87)90073-1
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Construction and analysis of differential equations from experimental time series of oscillatory systems
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena 56 (1992), S. 389-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-2789
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-2789(92)90178-P
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A synergistic chlorhexidine/chitosan combination for improved antiplaque strategies (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of periodontal research 40 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  The minor efficacy of chlorhexidine (CHX) on other cariogenic bacteria than mutans streptococci such as Streptococcus sanguinis may contribute to uneffective antiplaque strategies.Methods and Results:  In addition to CHX (0.1%) as positive control and saline as negative control, two chitosan derivatives (0.2%) and their CHX combinations were applied to planktonic and attached sanguinis streptococci for 2 min. In a preclinical biofilm model, the bacteria suspended in human sterile saliva were allowed to attach to human enamel slides for 60 min under flow conditions mimicking human salivation. The efficacy of the test agents on streptococci was screened by the following parameters: vitality status, colony-forming units (CFU)/ml and cell density on enamel. The first combination reduced the bacterial vitality to ∼0% and yielded a strong CFU reduction of 2–3 log10 units, much stronger than CHX alone. Furthermore, the first chitosan derivative showed a significant decrease of the surface coverage with these treated streptococci after attachment to enamel.Conclusions:  Based on these results, a new CHX formulation would be beneficial unifying the bioadhesive properties of chitosan with the antibacterial activity of CHX synergistically resulting in a superior antiplaque effect than CHX alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.2005.00817.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vital microorganisms in early supragingival dental plaque and in stimulated human saliva (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 32 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of this study was to compare the percentage of vital microorganisms (= microbial vitality) of saliva with that of supragingival plaque both collected at various times during the early phases of de novo plaque formation. Between intervals of optimal oral hygiene, 14 healthy participants refrained from all oral hygiene measures for periods of 1, 4, 8 and 72 h. Stimulated whole saliva was collected at the beginning (= baseline) and the end of each period. Vestibular plaque was removed from teeth 13–16, and 23–26. Analysis of the pooled plaque (p) and saliva (s) samples comprised the total number of bacterial counts and colony-forming units to estimate the percentage of viable microorganisms (PEp; PES). The microbial vitality (VFp; VFS) was determined by using a fluorescence staining to differentiate vital from dead bacterial cells. The bulk of the PES values reached 5–30%. At baseline VFS ranged between 70% and 90%. The VFS values recorded at baseline or in the presence of 1 h and 4 h-old plaque, were significantly (α= 0.05) higher than the corresponding VFp values ranging from 5% to 30%. It was concluded that there is a considerable discrepancy between the microbial vitality of a very early dental plaque and that of whole surrounding saliva sampled at the same time. Unfavourable local environmental conditions prevailing at cervical tooth surfaces are suggested to restrain the survival of the majority of the first bacteria adhering to a particular tooth area during the early phases of supragingival plaque formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1997.tb00529.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial vitality of supragingival dental plaque during initial stages of experimental gingivitis in humans (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 30 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Although vital plaque micro-organisms are part of the natural ecosystem in the oral cavity they are also the key factor in the development of diseases induced by the human dental plaque. In a previous study (9) the portion of vital bacteria related to the total number of plaque micro-organisms (i.e. the microbial vitality) appeared low in small plaque samples. The objective of this investigation was to determine the exact relationship of microbial vitality and age of supragingival plaque during the early phases of human dental plaque formation. Between intervals of optimal oral hygiene, thirteen participants refrained from all oral hygiene measures for periods of 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 and 72 h. Plaque was completely sampled from a defined area situated on the vestibular surface of the teeth 13, 14, 15, 23, 24 and 25. The pooled plaque from these areas was immediately processed. Total bacterial counts (BC) as enumerated by darkfield microscopy, and colony-forming units (CFU) were recorded. The microbial vitality was calculated indirectly as plating efficiency (PE=CFU per BC) and directly assessed using a vital fluorescence (VF) technique. In the 1 h old plaque samples the median values of PE and VF were 29% and 18%, respectively. Thereafter, the microbial vitality increased significantly with plaque age. The 24 h old plaque samples yielded values of 77% (PE) and 62% (VF). It was concluded that the microbial vitality of the early dental plaque investigated was considerably lower compared to that of a more mature plaque.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1995.tb01275.x
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  • 10
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    Unknown
    CHILI HEARTS (1974)
    New York, N.Y. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Harper's. 249:1492 (1974:Sept.) 64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0017-789X
    Topics: General, Interdisciplinary
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:5128-1974-249-92-000011
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