Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Anaphylactoid reactions in man following administration of drugs solubilized with cremophor El® (polyethylenglycolglycerol riconoleate) are a considerable clinical problem. Since these reactions occur in dogs on first exposure and in pigs on second exposure, the ‘dog model’ was used in this communication to analyse components and chemical modifications of cremophor El and its components for their clinical effects, their hypotensive actions and their histamine-releasing capacity. Two series of experiments in 1978 and 1980 were performed in 144 adult mongrel dogs of both sexes. In these studies histamine release wasnot related to the effect of the solubilizing agents as tensides and was elicited by rather low doses (about 10–100 mg/kg i.v.). The effect of these substances on blood pressure and on blood histamine levels was connected with distinct chemical features: the most potent compounds were oxethylated and additionally esterified unsaturated or hydroxylated fatty acids. Several phases in hypotensive reactions were observed, including an immediate response, a delayed blood pressure response and a late response about 15–20 min after injection. Only the delayed response was associated with histamine release. The combination of cardiovascular effects and histamine release was fatal on some occasions indicating that histamine release can be dangerous. Compared to cremophor El, the tenside effect was equal, but the toxicity was reduced in oxethylated 12-hydroxystearic acid. It is recommended that this solubilizer should be used in further extended studies in animals and — if these are successful—in clinical trials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Histamine assays can be unreliable in individual subjects or samples even though the particular method is in general working very well. Therefore the specificity and accuracy of histamine determination in the gastric aspirate of individual duodenal ulcer patients was thoroughly examined and shown to be satisfactory. Pitfalls of the fluorometric assay were investigated. A native (non-histamine) fluorescence in gastric aspirate which occurs before the addition of OPT was not removed by the original Shore procedure. In the combined assay (Dowex 50+ butanol extraction) this fluorescence no longer interferes with the assay. For the identification of histamine in a single gastric aspirate of an individual duodenal ulcer patient, the reversed blank (3M HCl added to the reaction mixture before OPT instead after OPT), excitation and fluorescence spectra, the heating test with spectra recorded and the HMT test were found to be reliable. The formaldehyde test and the heating test without recording the spectra were useless since they gave false negative results. Since the HMT test was regarded as a reference method it was thoroughly investigated both by theoretical considerations (enzyme kinetics) and by a series of measurements in a single patient as well as in a group of nine subjects. Samples from the period of peak acid output in response to pentagastrin showed an average histamine concentration of about 8 ng/ml and a histamine output of 1.5 μg/30 min.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Histamine release ; Diagnosis ; Volunteers ; Patients ; Medical decision making ; Histaminfreisetzung ; Diagnose ; Probanden ; Patienten ; Medizinische Entscheidungsfindung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In 2 klinischen Studien bei 40 wachen Freiwilligen und 164 orthopädischen Patienten wurde versucht, Histaminfreisetzungsreaktionen zu diagnostizieren, zu definieren und zu klassifizieren. Haemaccel in einer heute klinisch nicht mehr verwendeten Zubereitung [40] wurde als klinischer Histaminfreisetzer verwendet. Das Hauptinteresse galt nicht der extremen, der klassischen anaphylaktischen Reaktion, sondern einer durchschnittlichen Histaminfreisetzung, die in klinischen Untersuchungen der letzten 10 Jahre mit so vielen Arzneimitteln gefunden wurde. Bei den Freiwilligen wurden 600 ng/kg Histamin intravenös verabreicht. Indikatoren für eine systemische anaphylaktoide Reaktion mit der höchsten Inzidenzrate waren Tachykardie, Plasmahistaminspiegel über 1 ng/ml, metallischer Geschmack, Flush, Kopfdruck, feuchte Augen oder Tränen, Hypertension und Kopfschmerzen. Nach Haemaccel-Infusion zeigte keiner der Probanden eine lebensbedrohliche Reaktion, aber 12 eine systemische und 11 eine Hautreaktion, während bei 17 keine Symptome gefunden werden konnten. Indikatoren mit der höchsten Inzidenzrate waren wiederum Plasmahistaminspiegel über 1 ng/ml, Tachykardie, Quaddeln, Hitzegefühl, Enge im Hals, Hypertension, Kopfschmerzen und Tränen. In einer prolektiven Cohortstudie wurden aus 600 orthopädischen Patienten 164 ausgewählt: 3 hatten eine lebensbedrohliche Reaktion, 27 eine systemische und 96 eine Hautreaktion, 38 Patienten zeigten keine Symptome. Indikatoren mit der höchsten Inzidenzrate waren wiederum Tachykardie, Plasmahistaminspiegel über 1 ng/ml, Erytheme und Quaddeln, Husten, Flush, verstopfte Nase und Gesichtsödem. Damit wurden durch die Patientenstudie die Indikatoren für eine systemische Histaminfreisetzungsreaktion in Probanden zu einem großen Teil validiert. So läßt sich eine durchschnittliche Histaminfreisetzungsreaktion als eine systemische anaphylaktoide Reaktion charakterisieren, mit klinischen Symptomen wie Tachykardie und leichte Hypertension, verstreuten Effloreszenzen, respiratorischen Symptomen im Bereich des Kehlkopfs und der Nasenschleimhautund durch pathologische Plasmahistaminspiegel (〉1 ng/ml). Außerdem wurden die Histaminfreisetzungsreaktionen in kutane, systemische und lebensbedrohliche Reaktionen eingeteilt, wobei klinische und operationale Kriterien sowie Plasmahistaminspiegel für die Klassifikation verwendet wurden.
    Notes: Summary In 2 clinical studies in 40 conscious human volunteers and 164 orthopedic patients histamine-release responses were diagnosed, defined and classified. Polygeline (Haemaccel) in its now outdated formulation [40] was chosen as a clinical histamine releaser. The main interest was not concentrated on the extreme, the “classical” anaphylactic response, but on theaverage histamine-release response found in clinical experiments with so many drugs in the last 10 years. In human volunteers 600 ng/kg histamine was i. v. injected. Indicants for a systemic anaphylactoid reaction with the highest incidence ratio were tachycardia, plasma histamine levels 〉1 ng/ml, “metallic taste”, flush, congestion of head, “wet eyes” and tears, hypertension and headache. Following polygeline none of these subjects developed a life-threatening reaction, but 12 showed a systemic response, 11 a cutaneous reaction and 17 were non-responders. Indicants for a systemic anaphylactoid reaction with the highest incidence ratio were plasma histamine levels 〉1 ng/ml, tachycardia, wheals, sensation of heat, narrowness of throat, hypertension, headache and wet eyes or tears. In a prolective, cohort study in the orthopedic patients 3 subjects with life-threatening reactions, 27 with systemic response, 96 with cutaneous reaction and 38 non-responders were included. Indicants with the highest incidence ratio were tachycardia, plasma histamine levels 〉1 ng/ml, erythema and wheals, cough, flush, stuffy nose and facial oedema. With this trial the indicants for diagnosing a systemic histamine release response in volunteers were validated in patients to a large extent. Thus the average histamine-release response was defined by clinical signs such as tachycardia and mild hypertension, scattered hives such as spots of erythema and wheals, respiratory symptoms in the laryngeal and nasal region, such as cough, narrowness in the throat, stuffy nose and sneezingand by pathological plasma histamine levels (〉1 ng/ml). In addition histamine-release responses were differentiated as cutaneous responses, systemic responses and life-threatening responses by clinical and operational criteria and by plasma histamine levels. Using clinical trials and medical decision making procedures the incidence of systemic histamine-release responses in patients higher by two orders of magnitude than in other studies reported hitherto.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Postoperative thyroid function ; functional thyroid surgery ; iodide substitution ; goitre-prophylaxis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of postoperative iodide-substitution on the function of thyroid remnants of different quality and quantity in order to define the appropriate prophylaxis (iodide or thyroid hormone) to prevent recurrent goitre. In a prospective, randomized clinical trial, the following patients were examined:group I: simple, non-autonomous nodular goitre, bilateral thyroidectomy (n=40);group II: simple, non-autonomous nodular goitre, “selective” (unilateral) thyroidectomy (n=40);group III: autonomous nodular goitre, bilateral thyroidectomy (n=40);group IV: autonomous nodular goitre, “selective” (unilateral) thyroidectomy (n=35). The following parameters were measured 6 and 12 weeks postoperatively. Serum-total-T4, -T3,-TSH, TRH-test, 99mTc-Thyroid-Uptake (TcTU). Six weeks postoperatively the 4 groups were separately randomized into controls and treatment groups, who received 200 µg iodide/day orally. Six weeks postoperatively, patients in group I had lower T4 levels and both basal and stimulated TSH were higher than in the other groups, however no significant differences were observed in T3, T4/T3 ratio and TcTU.Twelve weeks postoperatively patients from groups I, II and III, who had been treated with iodide, had lower T3 and TcTU values but higher T4 and T4/T3 than the appropriate controls. Basal and stimulated TSH showed no differences between controls and iodide-treated patients in these groups. In group IV, T4 and T3 showed a tendency to elevation (n.s.), and basal and stimulated TSH as well as TcTU were lower in patients with iodide. Iodide-substitution (200 µg/day) has no major influence on the pituitary-thyroid axis, except after “selective” surgery for autonomous nodular goitre (group IV). Generally, iodide treatment abolishes the symptoms of iodine-deficiency, improving the autoregulatory capacity of the thyroid remnant. It could replace thyroid hormone as a prophylaxis against recurrent goitre in the majority of patients after “selective” thyroid surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Streßulcus ; Ärztliche Ethik ; Sequentialstudie ; Cimetidin ; Schweres Polytrauma ; Stress ulceration ; Medical ethics ; Sequential trial ; Cimetidine ; Severe polytrauma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In patients in a surgical intensive care unit a controlled clinical trial was performed concerned with the pathophysiological functions of histamine in stress ulcer disease and with the influence of cimetidine prophylaxis on this complication. The commonly used organization of a controlled clinical trial was enforced to be changed by considerable theoretical, ethical and practical difficulties in designing and conducting the study: (1) Initially the trial was planned as randomized double-blind using a fixed sample size of patients obtained from the intensive care unit. It was executed as a sequential single-blind study only in patients with severe polytrauma. For ethical reasons it was stopped before the bounderies were reached and was analysed according to the advice of an external referee using Fisher's exact test (p〈0.025). (2) The necessary informations about the trial could not be compressed to one single report. As one of several parts this article mainly deals with Design, Clinical materials, Methods and Statistics of the whole investigation. Distinctive sections on Theoretical and Ethical issues and on Historical development of the study were included. Numerous decisions were explained already in Materials and Methods to emphasize the enormous complexity of the decision process in clinical trials in contrast to that in most of the animal experiments. (3) In order to facilitate conclusions from our sample to the target population and to define subgroups of patients with a high risk for stress ulceration all 6,634 patients hospitalized in the Surgery Clinic during the time of the study were prospectively investigated for clinically manifest stress ulceration. Furthermore as one of the most important attributes the lethality rate was calculated for the whole group and various subgroups of trauma patients in our hospital. As a surprising and remarkable result of the study clinically manifest stress ulcers occurred exclusively in our patients in the intensive care unit and among them mainly in those with severy polytrauma and postoperative complications. Cimetidine was highly effective in preventing stress ulceration in severe polytrauma patients. But it seems absolutely unnecessary to distribute this drug in all patients of a surgical intensive care unit like from a cornucopia of happiness.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei Patienten der chirurgischen Wach- und Intensivstation wurde eine kontrollierte klinische Studie über den Wert von Cimetidin zur Streßulcusprophylaxe durchgeführt. Die übliche Organisation und Darstellung einer kontrollierten Studie mußte wegen erheblicher theoretischer, ethischer und praktischer Schwierigkeiten bei Planung und Durchführung geändert werden: (1) Zuerst wurde die Untersuchung bei Patienten der Wach- und Intensivstation als randomisierte Doppelblindstudie mit fixem Stichprobenumfang geplant. Ausgeführt wurde eine einfach-blinde Sequentialstudie ausschließlich bei Patienten mit schwerem Polytrauma. Kurz vor Erreichen der vorgegebenen Signifikanzgrenzen wurde sie aus ethischen Gründen abgebrochen und nach Beratung mit einem externen Gutachter mit Hilfe des exakten Testes nach Fisher analysiert (p〈0,025). (2) Die notwendigen Informationen über die Studie konnten nicht in einem einzigen Bericht zusammengepreßt werden. Als einer der Teile enthält diese Mitteilung Plan, Klinisches Material, Methoden und Statistik der Studie. Abschnitte über „Theoretische und ethische Aspekte“ und über „Historische Entwicklung der Studie“ wurden eingefügt. Zahlreiche Entscheidungen wurden bereits in Material und Methodik erläutert, um die enorme Komplexität des Entscheidungsprozesses bei klinischen Studien im Gegensatz zu der bei Tierexperimenten hervorzuheben. (3) Um Schlüsse von der Stichprobe auf die Zielpopulation zu erleichtern und Risikogruppen für Streßulkusentstehung zu definieren, wurden alle 6,634 Patienten der Klinik während der Dauer der Studie prospektiv auf klinisch-manifeste Streßläsionen untersucht. Als eines der wichtigsten Merkmale wurde weiterhin die Letalitätsrate für die Gesamtgruppe und für Untergruppen der Traumapatienten in unserer Klinik ermittelt. Streßulcera traten nur bei Patienten der Wachund Intensivstation auf, vor allem bei Patienten mit schwerem Polytrauma und postoperativen Komplikationen. Cimetidin verhütete sie äußerst wirksam beim schwer Polytraumatisierten. Es ist aber unnötig, das Arzneimittel über die Wach- und Intensivstation auszustreuen wie aus einem Füllhorn des Glücks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 16 (1992), S. 1160-1165 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La cholécystite aiguë alithiasique (CAL) est une complication bien connue chez le polytraumatisé grave. La plupart des données de la littérature émanent d'analyses rétrospectives ou de cas isolés. Entre le 1er Janvier 1989 et le 30 Juin 1990, 45 patients admis dans notre unité de soins intensifs ont eu, à des intervalles bien définis, un examen clinique et échographique de façon prospective. Deux indices, le “ISS” ou “injury severity score” et le “PTS” ou “polytrauma score”, ont été calculées. La CAL a été définie comme la combinasion d'hydrocholécyste avec épaississement de la paroi vésiculaire (〉3.5 mm) et de la présence de sludge. Cette triade a été retrouvée chez 8 des 45 patients (18%). Une cholécystectomie précoce a été décidée chez un de ces patients, alors que les 7 autres ont été traités médicalement. L'incidence de CAL chez le polytraumatisé grave est sûrement plus élévée qu'il n'est classique de le dire. L'échographie est une méthode fiable pour la détection précoce et pour suivre cette complication post-traumatique.
    Abstract: Resumen La colelitiasis acalculosa (CAA) es una reconocida complicación en pacientes con trauma severo. El conocimiento sobre la CAA emana de análisis retrospectivos y de reportes esporádicos de casos individuales. En un estudio prospectivo se investigó esta entidad por medio de examenes clínicos y sonográficos seriados en 45 pacientes politraumatizados que ingresaron a nuestra unidad de cuidado intensivo entre el 1° de enero de 1989 y el 30 de junio de 1990. La severidad del trauma fue determinada mediante el ISS (Injury-Severity-Score) y el PTS (Polytrauma-Score). La CAA fue definida como la combinación de hidrops de la vesícula biliar, aumento del aspesor de la pared (〉3.5 mm) y la demonstración de barro biliar. Esta traida diagnóstica pudo ser documentada en 8 de 45 pacientes (=18%). Consecuentemente, se preacticó colecistectomía precoz electiva en 1 de 8 pacientes con la traida diagnóstica de CAA; el resto de los casos fue tratado en forma conservadora. La incidencia de CAA es más alta de lo que sugieren las estadísticas publicadas. La ultrasonografía constituye un método confiable de detección precoz y de seguimiento de esta complicación.
    Notes: Abstract Acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) is a well known complication in severely traumatized patients. Existing data of AAC originate from retrospective analyses and episodic case reports. In a prospective study 45 polytraumatized patients admitted to our intensive care unit from January 1989 to June 1990 were clinically and sonographically screened for this condition at defined time intervals. Trauma scoring was performed according to the injury severity score and polytrauma score. AAC was defined as a combination of hydrops of the gallbladder, an increased wall thickness (〉3.5 mm), and the demonstration of sludge. We were able to document this diagnostic triad in 8 (18%) of 45 patients. As a consequence early elective cholecystectomy was performed in 1 of the 8 patients. The remaining patients were treated conservatively. The incidence of AAC in severely traumatized patients is higher than figures so far published suggest. Ultrasound is a reliable method of early detection and follow-up of this complication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 355 (1981), S. 648-648 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding ; Laser therapy ; Randomized controlled trials ; Obere Gastrointestinalblutung ; Lasertherapie ; Randomisierte, klinische Studien
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Für die Planung randomisierter Therapievergleichsstudien interessierten Faktoren von Prognoserelevanz. 248 Kranke mit Meläna und/oder Hämatemesis wurden hinsichtlich der Aktivität und des Typs ihrer endoskopisch verifizierten Läsionen untersucht. Jeder 5. Kranke mit Zeichen der aktiven Blutung, jeder 6. mit Zeichen der vorausgegangenen Blutung, aber nur jeder 11. ohne Blutungszeichen verstarb in der Klinik. Arteriell Blutende hatten eine höhere Letalität als solche mit Sickerblutung. Blutungsaktivität und Blutungstyp haben Prognoserelevanz und sind bei Studienplanung zu berücksichtigen.
    Notes: Summary To evaluate different treatment attitudes in upper GI bleeders we must know the factors that might influence outcome. In a 2.5-year period 248 patients had early endoscopy. Every four to five patients had more than one lesion. Every fifth patient with an actively bleeding lesion, every 6th with a recent lesion, and every 11th with no bleeding lesion died during hospital stay. Arterial bleeding was combined with 33 %, but capillary bleeding showed only 23 % mortality. Therefore, bleeding activity and bleeding type are relevant prognostic factors to be incorporated in trial designs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 6 (1992), S. 68-71 
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Acalculous cholecystitis ; Severely traumatized patients ; Prospective study ; Ultrasonography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Acute acalculous cholecystitis is a well known complication in severely traumatized patients. Existing data originate from retrospective analyses and episodic case reports. In a prospective ultrasonographic study 25 polytraumatized patients admitted to our intensive care unit between January 1, 1989, and December 31, 1989, were examined in daily intervals for this condition. Trauma scoring was performed according to the injury severity score (ISS) and polytrauma score (PTS). “Stress cholecystitis” was defined as a combination of hydrops of the gallbladder, an increased mural thickness (〉3.5 mm), and the demonstration of “sludge.” We were able to demonstrate this diagnostic triad in four out of 25 patients (=16%). As a consequence early elective cholecystectomy was done in one patient. The remaining patients were treated conservatively. The incidence of stress cholecystitis in severely traumatized patients is probably higher than figures so far published suggest. Ultrasonography is a reliable method of early detection and follow-up for this complication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Perioperative risk ; ASA classification ; Risk check list ; Multicentre trial ; Perioperatives Risiko ; ASA-Klassifikation ; isikocheckliste ; Multizentrische Studie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ursachenforschung beim perioperativen Risiko mit biomedizinischen (biochemischen, physiologischen) Methoden muss ein Schwerpunkt in der Chirurgie werden. Perioperatives Risiko muss auch mit den Methoden der Klinimetrie, wie objektiver Entscheidungsfindung und Epidemiologie analysiert werden. Nur so kommt zum wissenschaftlichen Ansatz auch eine überzeugende praktische Dimension. Die ASA-Klassifikation ist ein globaler Index zur präoperativen Risikoeinschätzung. Sie enthält objektive Befunde, den subjektiven Eindruck und das abschliessende klinische Urteil. Gerade deshalb ist sie so flexibel. Für die Mainz-Marburger multizentrische Studie über Perioperatives Risiko und Histamin" wurde ein empirischer Index aus ASA-Klassifikation und Mannheim-Münchner Risikocheckliste konstruiert.
    Notes: Summary Perioperative risk research with biomedical (biochemical, physiological) methods must grow up as a main topic in surgical research. However, operative risk has also to be analysed with methods of clinimetrics, such as formal (objective) decision making and epidemiology. Only by this way a convincing practical dimension is added to basic scientific statements. ASA-classification of the preoperative physical status is a global index for estimating the operative risk. It contains objective findings, subjective impressions and the final clinical judgement. For this reason it is so flexible. For a multicentre trial on perioperative risk and histamine an empirical index was constructed using both the ASA-classification and the Mannheim-Munich risk check list.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 372 (1987), S. 211-216 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Perioperative risk ; Risk factor ; Probability ; Confidence interval ; Perioperatives Risiko ; Risikofaktor ; Wahrscheinlichkeit ; Vertrauensbereich
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In dieser Arbeit werden standardisierte und quantitative Definitionen von Risiko und Risikofaktor auf der Basis von Wahrscheinlichkeiten gegeben. Anhand von Beispielen einer Studie über Colonresektionen und einer Studie zu einem perioperativen Risikocheck in der Allgemeinchirurgie wird eine Berechnung von Risiko und Risikofaktoren vorgenommen. Das Problem eines Risikofaktors, der Kombination zweier Risikofaktoren und der Berücksichtigung vieler Risikofaktoren wird diskutiert. Vertrauensbereiche werden als Standard zur Präsentation von Ergebnissen zum perioperativen Risiko empfohlen.
    Notes: Summary In this paper standardized and quantitative definitions of perioperative risk and risk factor using probabilities are given. A calculation of risk and risk factors is performed using data from a study on perioperative risk in colon resection and a study on a preoperative risk check in general surgery. The problem of one risk factor, a combination of two risk factors and the use of many risk factors to quantify preoperative risk is discussed. Confidence intervals are recommended as a standard method for presenting statistical results on perioperative risk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...