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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dinucleotides and G + C content in human genes: Opposite behavior of GpG, GpC, and TpC at II-III codon positions and in introns (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 37 (1993), S. 131-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Human genome ; Dinucleotides ; Introns ; II-III codon positions ; G + C content
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have studied the behavior of the dinucleotide preferences under G + C content variation in human genes. The doublet preferences for each dinucleotide were compared between two functionally distinct zones in genes, the II-III codon positions, and the introns. The 16 dinucleotides have been tentatively classified in three groups: AA, AC, CC, CT, and GA, doublets showing no difference between introns and II-III codon positions in the full range of G + C variation TG and TA, which differ in the full range of G + C variation AT, AG, GT, TC, TT, GG, GC, CG, and CA, which show differences in regions over 50% G + C A remarkable pattern observed concerns the behavior of GG, GC, and TC, which showed opposite trends in II-III codon positions and in introns. If codon positions and introns are under the same structural requirements and the same mutational bias, our results indicate that the differences observed could be related to post-transcriptional constraints acting on mRNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02407348
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The B chromosome system of Scilla autumnalis (Liliaceae): effects at the isozyme level (1980)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 79 (1980), S. 341-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Supernumerary (B) chromosomes have been studied in a Spanish population of Scilla autumnalis L. (Liliaceae). Out of the 140 individuals analysed, seven had 2n=14+1B, one 2n=14+2B, one 2n=14+3B and one 2n=14+9B. An analysis of esterase isozyme patterns shows that all 130 individuals with a standard karyotype (2n=14) have two esterase loci, Est-2 and Est-3, whereas all 10 individuals with Bs have three, Est-1, Est-2 and Est-3, irrespective of the precise number of Bs present. The role that the Bs may have played in the appearance of this new locus (Est-1) is discussed in relation to their possible origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327324
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CALCULATION OF THE STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR AND ESTIMATION OF ITS ERROR BY A SHAPE SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 20 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The precision with which the stress intensity factor (SIF) can be calculated from a finite element solution depends essentially on the extraction method and on the discretization error. In this paper, the influence of the discretization error in the SIF calculation was studied and a method for estimating the resulting error was developed. The SIF calculation method used is based on a shape design sensitivity analysis; this assures that the resulting error in the extracted SIF depends solely on the global discretization error present in the finite element solution. Moreover, this method allows us to extend the Zienkiewicz-Zhu discretization error estimator to the SIF calculation. The reliability of the proposed method was analysed solving a two-dimensional problem using an h-adaptive process. Also the convergence of the error with the h-adaptive refinement was studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1997.tb00310.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential heat-sensitivity of esterase electromorphs in natural polyploid populations ofUrginea maritima (Liliaceae) (1980)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 36 (1980), S. 648-649 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The esterase electromorphs of tetra and hexaploid populations ofUrginea maritima show differences in both heat-sensitivity and geographical distribution. Its possible adaptative significance is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01970114
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A genetic classification of potato cultivars based on allozyme patterns (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 69 (1985), S. 305-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; Potato ; Varietal classification ; Isozymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A total of 25 potato isozymes were characterized by the numbers and relative mobilities of their allozymes, the subunit number, the subcellular localization, and the patterns of tissue expression. Using hierarchically ordered phenotype arrays at 9 of these isozymes, we were able to construct a dichotomous classification table for a total of 74 potato varieties, including those of most agronomical interest in Europe and North America.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00662449
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isozyme gene duplication in diploid and tetraploid potatoes (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 70 (1985), S. 172-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Gene duplication ; Polyploidy ; Isozymes ; Solanum ; Potatoes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Isozyme techniques allow the study of gene redundancy in different ploidy levels of potato (Solanum tuberosum). In tetraploid potatoes all isozyme loci are duplicated. No sign of structural or regulatory divergence was found, as is expected due to their tetrasomic inheritance patterns. In addition to this genetic redundancy, produced by a relatively recent polyploidization event, some additional redundancy was found for at least three enzymes even in diploid groups and species. These “older” duplicate genes show structural and regulatory divergence, indicating they appeared by a separate polyploidization event far in the past. Their common origin is still recognizable by both their expression in the same subcellular compartment and by the dimerizing ability of the isozymes they encode. To account for the present chromosome number x = 12 of the Solanaceae family, the most frequently found among the species, a hypothetical polyploidization event is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00275318
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isozyme gene expression in potato tumors incited by Agrobacterium (1986)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 72 (1986), S. 373-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Crown gall tumors ; Hairy root disease ; Potato ; Isozyme gene expression ; Agrobacterium ; Solanum tuberosum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Two plant tumors (crown galls and hairy roots) were experimentally provoked on potato cv. ‘Désirée’ by oncogenic strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes. A marked shift in the expression of some organ-specific genes occurred in crown galls derived from the central zone of tubers: two novel isozyme genes (Est-B and Pox-E) were expressed, two others (Est-C and Pox-F) were suppressed and the remaining ones were maintained in the original state. When the starting tissue was the stem segment, a smaller shift occurred, namely the activation of Adh-A and the suppression of Pox-F. In all cases, the isozyme profiles characterizing all crown galls, whatever their origin, were identical. Under normal aeration conditions, Adh-A was not expressed in either tumoral or non-tumoral roots. However, under the relative anaerobic conditions of in vitro cultures, a difference existed between both types of roots: Adh-A was expressed in normal but not in tumoral roots. This means that hairy roots can tolerate higher levels of anaerobiosis without giving rise to an anaerobic response. For the remaining isozymes, no alteration occurred in either organized (hairy root) or unorganized (crown gall) tumors, as compared to the corresponding non-tumoral tissues (normal root and callus, respectively).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00288575
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic relationships among melon breeding lines revealed by RAPD markers and agronomic traits (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 96 (1998), S. 878-885 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Cucumis melo ; RAPDs ; Genetic diversity ; Agronomic markers ; Germplasm management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  RAPD markers and agronomic traits were used to determine the genetic relationships among 32 breeding lines of melon belonging to seven varietal types. Most of the breeding lines were Galia and Piel de Sapo genotypes, which are currently being used in breeding programmes to develop new hybrid combinations. A total of 115 polymorphic reliable bands from 43 primers and 24 agronomic traits were scored for genetic distance calculations and cluster analysis. A high concordance between RAPDs and agronomic traits was observed when genetic relationships among lines were assessed. In addition, RAPD data were highly correlated with the pedigree information already known for the lines and revealed the existence of two clusters for each varietal type that comprised the lines sharing similar agronomic features. These groupings were consistent with the development of breeding programmes trying to generate two separate sets of parental lines for hybrid production. Nevertheless, the performance of certain hybrids indicated that RAPDs were more suitable markers than agronomic traits in predicting genetic distance among the breeding lines analysed. The employment of RAPDs as molecular markers both in germplasm management and improvement, as well as in the selection of parental lines for the development of new hybrid combinations, is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050815
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytogenetic and electrophoretic evidence for a polyploid origin of the basic chromosome number x = 14 in the genusAsphodelus (Liliaceae) (1980)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 136 (1980), S. 259-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Liliaceae ; Asphodelus cerasiferus ; Cytogenetics ; electrophoretic analysis ; esterase isozymes ; basic chromosome number
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cytogenetic and electrophoretic analyses on 2n = 28 strains ofAsphodelus cerasiferus strongly suggest that the basic number x = 14 of the genusAsphodelus is of secondary polyploid origin from x = 7.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01004630
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EXTENSION OF THE ZIENKIEWICZ-ZHU ERROR ESTIMATOR TO SHAPE SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS (1997)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 40 (1997), S. 1413-1433 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: finite element method ; adaptive refinement ; shape sensitivity analysis ; error estimation ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The application of the Zienkiewicz-Zhu estimator was extended to the estimation of the discretization error arising from shape sensitivity analysis using the finite element method. The sensitivity error was quantified from the sensitivity of the energy norm by using an estimator specially developed for this purpose. Sensitivity analyses were carried out using the discrete analytical approach, which introduced no additional errors other than the discretization error. In this work, direct nodal averaging was used for linear triangular elements and the SPR technique for quadratic elements in order to obtain the smoothed stress and sensitivities fields. Two examples with an exact solution are used to analyse the effectivity of the proposed estimator and its convergence with the h-adaptive refinement. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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