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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 16 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An investigation was conducted to test the validity of the skin-prick test (SPT) with eleven common allergens (Lofarma series proposed by Italian National Research Council for epidemiological studies) as a method for predicting the presence of specific antibodies in serum. The relationship between SPT, evaluated by two different methods (MWD = mean weal diameter, AHWR = allergen histamine weal ratio), and specific IgE levels (RAST) has been investigated in 101 patients tested consecutively for suspected allergic disease. Sensitivity, specificity and overall efficiency were assessed for different criteria of SPT positivity (≥4 mm or ≥5 mm using MWD; ++ or +++ using AHWR). For pollens and moulds, a weal diameter ≥5 mm gave better results than 4 mm, whereas for mites a MWD ≥4 mm showed a better sensitivity and overall efficiency than 5 mm. Danders showed low sensitivity when either 5 or 4 mm criterion was considered. AHWR evaluation gave no better results, except for animal danders. Correlation coefficients between weal size and RAST class showed a good relationship for mites and pollens using both methods of SPT evaluation; a moderate relationship was observed with MWD criterion for moulds and with AHWR for danders.We conclude that a weal diameter ≥5 mm can be assumed to predict RAST positivity for pollens and moulds, and for mites, a weal ≥4 mm can be a more accurate criterion. The poor correlation between weal diameter and RAST positivity for such allergens as animal danders and moulds suggests that in these cases SPT should be associated to specific serum IgE evaluation to prove allergic sensitivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 14 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The outcome of the respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function tests and bronchial hyperresponsiveness was studied in forty-seven workers with respiratory disease due to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) (twenty-seven asthmatic and twenty non-asthmatic subjects) after about 2 years from the first examination. Eight of twelve asthmatic subjects who left the industry after the first examination complained at the follow-up of dyspnoea and wheezing, but pulmonary function tests were unchanged; bronchial hyperresponsiveness decreased in three, but most were still positive to challenge test with bethanechol at the follow-up. Fifteen subjects who continued their exposure to TDI showed at the follow-up a significant decrease of the spirometric parameters and an increase of the bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and symptoms of chronic bronchitis were more frequent at the second examination. Non-asthmatic subjects, both exposed and non-exposed to TDI at the second examination, showed a significant decrease of the pulmonary function tests but no relevant changes in bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Our data suggest that stopping occupational exposure to TDI frequently did not produce an improvement of the TDI bronchial asthma, and persistence of the occupational exposure causes a more rapid decline in the respiratory function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 13 (1983), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sera of ninety-one workers with respiratory symptoms related to occupational exposure to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) were tested by a solid phase radioimmunoassay using polyvinyl plates, in an attempt to demonstrate specific IgG antibodies to a conjugate of TDI with human serum albumin (TDI-HSA). Different conjugates were prepared. In our radioimmunoassay a TDI-HSA 1600 (1600 μg TDI/ mg HSA), obtained at alkaline pH with borate buffer, was used; this conjugate was immunologically reactive and did not contain protein macro-aggregates.No difference in percent of binding of radiolabelled anti-human IgG to TDI-HSA coated on plastic plates was found between exposed workers (asthmatic and non-asthmatic) and fifteen normal subjects. This may suggest that either TDI-induced bronchial asthma is not mediated by IgG antibodies, or TDI-HSA conjugate is unsuitable to be detected by anti-isocyanate IgG.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Hypertonic saline-indueed sputum has recently been used for the evaluation of airway inflammation in asthma.Objective To assess the effect of hypertonicity on airway inflammation.Methods We compared the inflammatory cell composition of hypertonic saline-induced sputum with that of isotonic saline-induced sputum in 21 asthmatic subjects and, at baseline and 30min after each sputum induction, we measured bronchial hyper-responsiveness to methacholine as an indirect marker to detect increased airway inflammation. On two different days, the patients inhaled hypertonic saline (3–5% NaCl) or isotonic saline (0.9% NaCl) for 30 min via an ultrasonic nebulizer, while monitoring FEV1. Sputum was collected for inflammatory cell analysis.Results There was no difference in inflammatory cell percentages obtained with the two methods. Eosinophils were 〉1% in 20 subjects after hypertonic saline and in 16 subjects after isotonic saline, but this difference was not statistically significant. Intraclass correlation coefficients for sputum inflammatory cells obtained with the two methods were +0.642 for eosinophils, +0.644 for neutrophils. +0.544 for lymphocytes and +0.505 for macrophages. Hypertonic saline induced bronchoconstriction in a significantly greater number of subjects than isotonic saline. Also, hypertonic saline increased bronchial responsiveness to methacholine. while isotonic saline did not.Conclusion We conclude that hypertonicity does not affect sputum cell composition, suggesting that inflammatory cells in hypertonic saline-induced sputum are probably preexisting and not acutely recruited in the airways by the hypertonic stimulus. However, the bronchoconstriction and the increase in bronchial hyper-responsiveness after hypertonic saline inhalation may imply the release of inflammatory mediators. This fact must be considered in the evaluation of soluble markers of inflammation in hypertonic salineinduced sputum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 11 (1981), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Three cases of bronchial asthma due to wood dust from Tanganyika anigré are reported. All patients were woodworkers and had symptoms of dyspnoea, cough and wheezing, and sometimes itchiness and rhinorrhoea, after exposure to Tanganyika aningré. The intradermal skin tests were positive for untigenic extract of Tanganyika aningré. In two patients the bronchial provocation test with the wood dust and with the soluble extract inhaled by aerosol was positive showing an immediate reaction; in the same patients bronchial hyperreactivity was also found. Atopy was present in one subject. No precipitins or specific IgE were found in patient sera by the immunodiffusion technique or by RAST.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To assess whether sputum eosinophilia predicts the recurrence of asthma symptoms after withdrawal of therapy in moderate stable asthmatics on low-dose inhaled corticosteroids.Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving 30 subjects with stable asthma, asymptomatic, with low PEF variability measured over two run-in weeks, on treatment with low-dose inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP, 250 µg b.i.d. in the last 3 months). At the end of the run-in, all patients underwent a methacholine challenge test and sputum induction (T1). They then stopped therapy and received either placebo (20 subjects, study group) or BDP at the same dose as in the previous 3 months (10 subjects, control group). They continued to monitor PEF and symptom score for 3 months, or until asthma symptoms recurred (diurnal and nocturnal symptom score ≥2 on two consecutive days). At the end of the study (T2), i.e., either within 5 days from the beginning of asthma symptoms or after 3 months in subjects without recurrence of asthma symptoms, all subjects repeated the methacholine challenge test and sputum induction.In the placebo-treated group, sputum eosinophils at T1 were significantly higher in subjects who subsequently developed recurrence of asthma symptoms (n = 7) after cessation of treatment than in subjects who remained asymptomatic for 3 months (8.2% [0–56.6] vs 0.9% [0–11], P 〈 0.05). At the time of recurrence of asthma symptoms, sputum eosinophil percentages significantly increased (from 8.2% [0–56.6] to 16.6% [5.8–73.6], P 〈 0.05). The positive predictive value of sputum eosinophils for the recurrence of asthma symptoms was 71%, while the negative predicting value was 84%. In the BDP-treated control group, none of the subjects experienced recurrence of asthma symptoms, and sputum eosinophil percentages measured at the beginning (T1) and at the end (T2) of the study were similar.Sputum eosinophil percentages may vary over a wide range in asthmatic subjects, although regularly treated and apparently well controlled. However, high sputum eosinophil percentages are related to early recurrence of asthma symptoms after cessation of inhaled corticosteroids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 9 (1979), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A case of bronchial asthma and dermatitis due to spiramycin is described in a non-atopic woman who worked as a chick breeder and handling poultry feed containing antibiotic or chemoterapic drugs including spiramycin, chlortetracycline and sulfadimethoxine. Patch tests showed a vigorous delayed reaction to spiramycin.Inhalation challenge test with the chick feed containing spiramycin reproduced symptoms of late asthmatic response (FEV1 fell by 14% and FEF25–75 by 25% within the 4th and 6th hour) with leucocytosis. No significant modification of FEV1 and FEF25–75 was observed within 24 hours after challenge with chick feeds containing other antibiotic or chemotherapeutic agents but not spiramycin.On leaving her job, the patient had no further skin reactions or bronchial asthma episodes.This case suggests that allergic reactions to a chemical product may involve both type III and IV hypersensitivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 17 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In order to investigate the relationship between the pattern of response (immediate, late and dual) to specific bronchial challenge test with plicatic acid or red cedar extract and the clinical features of asthma, 332 patients with-asthma induced by western red cedar dust were examined at the time of diagnosis. Specific challenge test induced in thirty-one patients (9.3%) an isolated immediate reaction, in 144 patients (43.4%) an isolated late reaction and in 157 patients (47.3%) a dual reaction. Patients with a dual reaction had a longer period of exposure to red cedar dust between the onset of the respiratory symptoms and the time of the definitive diagnosis, a lower FEF 25–75% and a greater degree of non-specific bronchial hyperresponsiveness compared to patients with isolated immediate or isolated late reactions; the difference in bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine among the three groups persisted when the values were adjusted for the different baseline value of FEV1. There was no difference in the prevalence of specific serum IgE antibodies to plicatic acid-human serum albumin conjugate among the three groups of patients with different type of response to red cedar. Except for the greater degree of non-specific bronchial hyperresponsiveness, patients with isolated late reactions were not different from those with isolated immediate reactions in other clinical findings. These findings indicate that a dual reaction in patients with occupational asthma due to simple chemical agents is indicative of a greater severity of disease at diagnosis. The pathogenetic mechanism of various types of asthmatic reaction is unknown and it is likely to be different between isolated immediate and isolated late reactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 19 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In asthma a dysregulation of eosinophil apoptosis and an imbalance of metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) play an important role in airway inflammation and remodelling. We evaluated the effects of a low dose of inhaled fluticasone proprionate (FP) (100 μg bid by Diskus) for 4 weeks in 24 steroid naive patients with mild persistent asthma, symptomatic and with a sputum eosinophilia ≥3% on clinical outcomes and inflammatory markers such as the induced sputum eosinophils, the induced sputum apoptotic eosinophils, the levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 and their molar ratio in the induced sputum supernatants. After FP treatment forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and FEV1/forced vital capacity values, PEF (L/min), sputum apoptotic eosinophils, and MMP-9/TIMP-1 molar ratio in sputum supernatants of asthmatic subjects were significantly increased in comparison with baseline, while sputum eosinophils significantly decreased. Change (Δ) in FEV1 after treatment with FP negatively correlated with the Δ in sputum eosinophils, while the Δ in MMP-9 values positively correlated with Δ in TIMP-1 values. This study shows that the clinical improvement achieved by the use of low doses of FP in asthmatics is related, at least in part, to the resolution of eosinophilic inflammation and the downregulation of remodelling markers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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