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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 31 (1984), S. 375-386 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume Les relations génétiques de huit espèces de guêpes d'Europe du nord, représentantVespula s. str. (le grouperufa),Paravespula (le groupevulgaris) etDolichovespula, sont étudiées ici par électrophorèse enzymatique. Le niveau de variation génétique intraspécifique observé est relativement bas, et les populations du sud de la Finlande ne montrent pas de différences géographiques nettes. Les caractères d'allozymes sont ensuite utilisés pour construire des arbres phylogénétiques par quatre techniques de construction. Il est suggéré queDolichovespula media n'est pas étroitement apparentée aux autres espèces deDolichovespula européens, et queParavespula etVespula s. str. ne forment peut-être pas un seul groupe monophylétique. Deux des espèces étudiées,V. austriaca etD. omissa, sont des parasites sociaux obligatoires. Dans les deux cas le parasite est apparenté à son hôte. Cela appuie l'hypothèse que le parasite social apparaît généralement à partir de la même souche ancestrale que l'espèce hôte.
    Notes: Summary Genetic relationships of eight northern European yellowjacket species, representingVespula s. str. (therufa group),Paravespula thevulgaris group) andDolichovespula, are here studied by enzyme electrophoresis. The observed level of intraspecific genic variation is relatively low, and the southern Finnish populations show no clear-cut geographic differences. The allozyme characters are further used to construct phylogenetic trees by four tree-building techniques. It is suggested thatDolichovespula media is not phylogenetically closely related to other EuropeanDolichovespula species, and thatParavespula andVespula s. str. may not form a single monophyletic group. Two of the species studied,V. austriaca andD. omissa, are obligatory social parasites. In both cases the parasite is related to its host. This supports the hypothesis that the social parasite generally arises from the same ancestral stock as the host species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Ants ; polygyny ; polydomy ; sibling species
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The speciesFormica aquilonia andF. lugubris of the mound-building red wood ants have a disjunct boreoalpine distribution in Europe. The populations ofF. aquilonia in Finland, Switzerland and the British Isles show little genetic differentiation, whereas the populations ofF. lugubris show considerable differentiation. The Central European populations morphologically identified asF. lugubris can be genetically divided into two groups (here called types A and B). Type B is found in the Alps and the Jura mountains, and is genetically inseparable fromF. aquilonia. Type A lives sympatrically with type B in the Jura mountains and is also found in the British Isles. Sympatry of the two types in the Jura shows that these are separate species. It remains open whether type B is morphologically atypicalF. aquilonia or whether it is a separate species, perhaps with a past history of introgression betweenF. aquilonia andF. lugubris. The gene frequencies in the Finnish populations ofF. lugubris differ from those of both types A and B. Genetic differences withinF. lugubris indicate that the populations have evolved separately for a long time. The social structure ofF. lugubris colonies also shows geographic variation. The nests in Finland and the British Isles seem to be mainly monogynous and monodomous, whereas the nests in Central Europe are polygynous and form polydomous colonies.F. aquilonia has polygynous and polydomous colonies in all populations studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 38 (1991), S. 111-119 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Relatedness ; ants ; Formica ; longevity ; queens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The antFormica exsecta commonly has two types of colonies: either polygynous and polydomous or monogynous and monodomous. The longevity of queens was studied in monogynous colonies in southern Finland by indirect methods using genetic markers; these data were also used to estimate the number of matings and queen replacement. The average genetic relatedness among worker nest mates was 0.72. Taking inbreeding into account (the inbreeding coefficient wasF=0.16), this value agrees with the assumption that 40% of the queens mated with one male and 60% with two males. The distribution of genotypes within colonies remained stable in successive years, indicating that queen replacement did not occur or was extremely rare. This means that the life span of nests reflects directly the life span of the queens. Eleven of the 16 nests found in 1979 were still alive ten years later. This corresponds to an annual mortality of 3.7% and a mean life span of 27 years. A total of 57 colonies were mapped in the population over a period of ten years. Averaging over the years, the annual mortality was estimated to be 4.9%. This represents a mean life span of 20 years if mortality was independent of age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 43 (1996), S. 329-332 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Formica cinerea ; conservation ; monogyny ; polygyny ; relatedness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Formica cinerea is a rare ant species in northern Europe where it occurs in few isolated populations. Estimates of genetic relatedness among worker nestmates revealed very different colonial structures. Relatedness was g = 0.81 in one population, and g = −0.03 and = 0.01 in two others. These results indicate that some populations of the species have mainly monogynous colonies (perhaps with monandrous queens), whereas others consist of polygynous and possibly polydomous colonies. Genetic differentiation of closely located populations suggests restricted dispersal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 79 (1984), S. 99-100 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Some common errors in testing the departure of genotype frequencies from Hardy-Weinberg (random mating) expectations are pointed out and the difference between testing genotype frequencies and heterozygosities is stressed. We note that a statistical comparison of the expected and observed heterozygosities in the population is complicated by positive correlation between the estimates of the two values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Zfy-Zfx genes ; Gene evolution ; Oryzomyne-akodontine rodents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Zinc finger-Y (Zfy) and zinc finger-X (Zfx) genes were analyzed by Southern blotting in male and female specimens of 10 species belonging to the oryzomyne-akodontine stock of Cricetidae rodents. DNA fragments were used as characters to construct a parsimony tree of the genes. Zfx and Zfy trees in general coincide with the evolutionary history of the taxa. Both trees show Oryzomys longicaudatus genes as the outgroup whereas Akodon xanthorrhinus genes are also distant from those of the other species. Oxymycterus rufus and Bolomys obscurus share related sequences, while genes from the other six Akodon species form a group of their own. It was found that 9 out of the 10 species analyzed show Zfy amplification in a range varying from 2 to 24 copies and with a pattern that is clade specific. The estimation of the average changes per character strongly suggests that Zfy has evolved more rapidly than Zfx; our estimates of the rate of nucleotide substitution are 4.6 times higher for Zfy than for Zfx.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 18 (1990), S. 453-460 
    ISSN: 0305-1978
    Keywords: A. jacobi ; Andrena ferox ; Andrenidae ; Dufour's gland secretion ; Hymenoptera ; enzyme electrophoresis ; gas-chromatography ; ontogenetic odor patterns ; relatedness
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Animal Behaviour 48 (1994), S. 1201-1206 
    ISSN: 0003-3472
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Theoretical Biology 149 (1991), S. 75-95 
    ISSN: 0022-5193
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Theoretical Population Biology 21 (1982), S. 171-193 
    ISSN: 0040-5809
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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