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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma points and radiative collapse in vacuum sparks (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This review discusses the intense x-ray emitting regions, called plasma points, that appear in low-inductance vacuum sparks and other high-current discharges. Accurate x-ray spectroscopy indicates the existence of two types of plasma points with different plasma parameters. One type is extremely small (∼microns), dense (∼1023/cm3), and hot ((approximately-greater-than)1 keV), while the second type is an order of magnitude less extreme. A dynamic model (Vikhrev 1982a) based on radiation cooling with axial outflow of plasma predicts a radiative collapse that is consistent with many features of the plasma points.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347551
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential absorption spectrometer for pulsed bremsstrahlung (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 1835-1840 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We describe a differential absorption spectrometer that measures the energy spectrum (from 20 to 800 keV) of flash x rays whose intensity precludes pulse-height analysis methods. The spectrometer uses individually calibrated thermoluminescent dosimeters, each inside its own spherical absorber, to accommodate isotropic radiation from pulsed bremsstrahlung sources. An iterative perturbation unfolding code determines the spectrum from the detector responses and the computed energy response functions. Unfolding works best with a good guess for the initial spectrum, and data with less than a few percent error.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144019
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High power switching with a V/n oil switch (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 508-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Accurate switching is necessary to get reproducible pulses with minimal jitter from pulse power equipment. On a 10 MV pulse power machine, Aurora, we have improved the triggering of the oil closing switch in various ways. These include suppressing fast current oscillations during capacitive charging of the switch electrodes, using a faster trigger pulse that acts only during a fraction of the switch closure time, and localization of the arc. With additional use of the machine's symmetry the output pulses are now reproducible to better than 2% over the entire pulse shape, and the jitter is reduced about twofold, to 5 ns. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360859
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Moderate energy flash x rays with large dose-area product produced by Aurora (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 65 (1989), S. 5-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Compton backscatter of Aurora's flash gamma rays produces a pulse of moderate energy x rays over a 1 m2 area, dose per shot of 25 Gy (2.5 krad), and uniformity better than 20%. The x-ray spectrum is similar to direct bremsstrahlung from a 1-MeV electron beam, with an additional low-amplitude tail of high-energy photons beyond 1 MeV. Advantages of the Compton backscatter technique over direct bremsstrahlung include a high shot rate, 6–8 shots per day at Aurora, and a spectrum that does not vary during the shot or from shot to shot.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.343376
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass loss of exploding foils (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 1581-1583 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A thin asymmetrically driven exploding foil loses mass when the acceleration of the bulk of the foils exceeds the acceleration of the foil's back. A simplified but exactly solvable model clarifies the mass erosion process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.341790
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X rays from z-pinches on relativistic electron-beam generators (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This review summarizes recent experimental data on imploding z-pinches and their radiation output, and gives an overview of theoretical issues concerning radiation production in the pinch plasma. A z-pinch plasma is created when the current from a fast, powerful electrical generator compresses and heats a small amount of material between the electrodes. The hot, dense plasma emits copious amounts of radiation extending from the visible to the x-ray region. With a 10-TW electrical discharge the radiative power may be a few TW, with an energy per pulse of up to tens of kilojoules. Our interest is mainly in the photons with energy around 1 keV, which are useful in x-ray lithography, microscopy, surface studies, and other applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.341808
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Softening of hard bremsstrahlung by Compton backscattering (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 58 (1985), S. 1034-1036 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Multimegavolt bremsstrahlung backscattering from paraffin yields a photon spectrum mainly below 0.6 MeV. The measured dose in the backscattered radiation agrees with Monte Carlo computations to within 10%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.336209
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leakage currents outside an imploding Z pinch (1991)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 195-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Leakage currents outside a pulse-line-driven Z pinch are considered in two circumstances. In the initial stage of the pinch a non-neutral electron flow can arise before magnetic insulation is established. The relative importance of such currents is estimated in terms of diode impedance and pulse-line dimensions. In the later stages of the pinch a neutralized current flow can arise in any tenuous plasma that may be present in the pinch periphery. The effects of the neutral current are estimated through self-similar solutions to a gyrokinetic equation. The collisionless plasma corona can contain an important fraction of the implosion energy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.859937
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of a new range of air drawover vaporizers (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 38 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ‘Ether Pac’ and ‘Fluo Pac’ temperature compensated vaporizers have been evaluated in the laboratory and the ‘field’. Rigorous testing has demonstrated that these vaporizers are robust and reliable. Shaking, tilting and overturning do not significantly affect their performance. Both vaporizers deliver lower concentrations of the vapour than the setting on the vaporizers at low tidal volumes (100 ml). The ‘Ether Pac’ vaporizer output declines progressively with ambient temperatures below 23°C and a similar result occurs with the ‘Fluo Pac’ at temperatures below 20°C.Clinical trials in Nepal, Kenya, Burma and the UK have demonstrated that, when halothane is used, oxygen enrichment is necessary during spontaneous and controlled ventilation. When ether is used with controlled ventilation oxygen enrichment is probably not necessary even with ambient pressures as low as 619 mmHg.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1983.tb12250.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectral softening through Compton scattering (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 57 (1985), S. 1445-1448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Flash bremsstrahlung with peak energy below 0.5 MeV can be obtained from multi-MeV electron beams by Compton backscatter from a material with low photoelectric absorption. The efficiency is low but interesting, about 30 krad per megajoule electron beam energy, irrespective of electron voltage from 3 to 10 MeV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.334507
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