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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 3 (1969), S. 227-232 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé 1. Sept années de recherches sur le «Grand Récif» de Tuléar (côte sud-ouest de Madagascar) conduisent les auteurs à présenter quelques résultats préliminaires nouveaux et à suggérer quelques hypothèses de travail concernant notamment la structure trophique du complexe biocoenotique récifal. 2. Le «Grand Récif” de Tuléar paraît constituer un système presque autarcique doté d'une production primare benthique importante représentée par: les zooxanthelles, qui paraissent être éliminées normalement de façon plus ou moins rythmique par les invertébrés hôtes; les Diatomées et Cyanophycées épiphytes; peut-être les «filaments verts» (Ostreobium) existant dans le squelette des Coraux. L'apport énergétique d'origine planctonique paraît faible. 3. La plupart des Cnidaires sessiles, et particulièrement les Zoanthaires, produisent des quantités importantes de mucus; celui-ci intervient sans doute dans la genèse d'agrégats particulaires, pourvus d'une couverture de microorganismes épiphytes; cette production «paraprimaire» est récupérée par le complexe récifal, d'une part au niveau des bancs de sables grossiers, et, d'autre part, par le réseau alvéolaire évoqué ci-dessous. 4. La lacune la plus grave de toutes les études antérieures concernant le complexe biocoenotique récifal est de n'avoir considéré que ce qui existait sur le récif construit et d'avoir négligé la riche faune de petits invertébrés, appartenant essentiellement à l'échelon secondaire de la pyramide alimentaire, faune qui est enfermée dans un système de cavités («maille récifale”) d'où elle ne sort que sous l'effet de la surpopulation. 5. La production relativement faible des édifices récifaux à l'échelon des poissons carnivores paraît résulter essentiellement du blocage de cette production secondaire au sein de la «maille récifale»; il y a là un gigantesque gaspillage de production animale qui fait du complexe récifal un système déséquilibré sur le plant trophique.
    Notes: Abstract Seven years of investigations on the so-called “Grand Récif” at Tuléar (south-western coast of Madagascar) lead the authors to put forward several hypotheses about the trophic structure of this biocoenotic complex. The Tuléar coral reef seems to be an almost autarchic system, with a very important benthic primary production by xanthelles, epiphytic diatoms and blue-green algae, and perhaps “green filaments” (Ostreobium); the energetic contribution from planktonic production seems to be rather small. A very important content of organic aggregates in the reef waters probably results from the high production of mucus by most of the corals and similar organisms (mainly zoantharians). This “paraprimary” production is trapped in the coarse sand banks and in the “mesh” of the reef (see below). The fauna of small invertebrates, belonging mainly to the secondary link of the food chain, is very rich in the small holes and crevices existing in the reef mass, but scarce in the biocoenoses on the reef surface. The dead parts of the reef have a “mesh” structure which confines most of this fauna representing the secondary level of the food pyramid. The production of fish in the reef coral environment is poor, probably because of the blocking of most of this secondary production in the reef's “mesh” structure; in this alveolary system a gigantic wasting of animal production takes place, which makes the trophic structure of the coral reef complex and quite unbalanced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 3 (1947), S. 330-331 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 22 (1966), S. 417-424 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary At the present time the autonomous exploration of the sea may be divided into three main fields: airScuba down to 60 m; diving saucers down to 1200 m; bathyscaph down to the greatest depths of the ocean. In the near future, theScuba with special gas mixtures, excluding nitrogen, and the underwater permanent laboratories, will open a new field for biological investigations; progress in metallurgy may also allow diving with engines, without a floating tank, down to 2000 m. The ability of the deep-sea vehicles to stop and remain at a definite depth below the surface needs further research. TheScuba is interesting for investigating the biotopes where the usual devices cannot be used from a surface vessel, for instance in submarine caves. Very special biocoenoses have been found in the totally dark parts of these caves with impoverished stocks and sometimes relict species; the sampling may be perfect both on soft and hard bottoms. With the deep-sea vehicles, investigations may be carried out on the behaviour and distribution of the bottom epifauna. The bathyscaph also allows a general view of the vertical distribution of plankton much better than using plankton samplers, because the plankton nets or pumps are always working on a discontinuous scale. Unfortunately the sampling is much more difficult, especially as far as the plankton is concerned. It is necessary that the engineers pay more attention to the biological devices; very good data have been obtained for temperature, pressure, sound-velocity, etc., but in many instances the biologist diving with a deep-sea vehicle cannot do more than look at the animals and take photographs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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