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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 20 (1998), S. 215-220 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Temporal bone ; Retrotympanum ; Radio-anatomy ; Computed tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Summary: The aim of this study was to define the imaging of the retrotympanum precisely by means of high-resolution CT. Based on 66 scans of petrous bones performed in 49 patients observed in an otologic department, several retrotympanic structures were studied: the pyramidal eminence, ponticulus, subiculum, chordal ridge, tympanic sinus of Proctor, sinus tympani and recess of the facial n. The variations in morphology and depth were noted as well as the relationship between the pyramid and the facial canal. In a second phase the same anatomic structures were studied in 24 temporal bones removed from embalmed cadavers and investigated with the same radiologic technique. Anatomic correlations were made for six temporal bones to confirm the general applicability of our radiologic hypotheses. In CT the pyramidal eminence was visualised in 100% of cases, the chordal ridge in 52%, the ponticulus in 63% and the subiculum in 57%. As regards the different recesses, the sinus tympani was visualised in 95% of cases, the posterior tympanic sinus of Proctor in 38%, the fossula of Grivot in 47% and the facial recess in 80%. The mean depth of the sinus tympani was 2.7 mm and that of the tympanic sinus of Proctor was 1.65 mm; the fossula of Grivot was assessed as 2.1 mm and the facial recess as 2.2 mm. A better knowledge of these sinuses and their variations will aid the surgeon, particularly in a posterior tympanotomy or a retro-facial approach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 20 (1998), S. 215-220 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Temporal bone ; Retrotympanum ; Radio-anatomy ; Computed tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le but de ce travail était de définir avec précision en tomodensitométrie haute résolution l'imagerie du rétrotympanum. A partir de 66 TDMs des rochers réalisés chez 49 patients suivis en ORL, plusieurs structures du rétrotympanum ont été étudiées : éminence pyramidale, ponticulus, subiculum, crête cordale, sinus tympanique de proctor, sinus tympani et récessus du facial. Les variations morphologiques et de profondeur ont été notées ainsi que le rapport entre la pyramide et le canal facial. Dans un deuxième temps, à partir de 24 temporaux prélevés sur cadavres embaumés, explorés selon la même technique radiologique, les mêmes structures anatomiques ont été étudiées. Des corrélations anatomiques pour 6 temporaux ont été réalisées pour confirmer l'ensemble de nos hypothèse radiologiques. En tomodensitométrie la visibilité de l'éminence pyramidale était obtenue dans 100% des cas, celle de la crête cordale dans 52% des cas, du ponticulus dans 63% des cas et du subiculum dans 57% des cas. Pour ce qui est des différents récessus, le sinus tympani était visible dans 95% des cas, le sinus tympani de Proctor dans 38% des cas, la fossette de Grivot dans 47% des cas et le recessus du facial dans 80% des cas. La profondeur moyenne du sinus tympani était de 2.7 mm, le sinus tympani de Proctor mesurait 1.65 mm, la fossette de Grivot était évaluée à 2.1 mm et le récessus du facial à 2.2 mm. La meilleure connaissance de ces sinus et de leur variation aidera le chirurgien en particulier pour une tympanotomie postérieure ou un abord rétro-facial.
    Notes: Summary The aim of this study was to define the imaging of the retrotympanum precisely by means of high-resolution CT. Based on 66 scans of petrous bones performed in 49 patients observed in an otologic department, several retrotympanic structures were studied: the pyramidal eminence, ponticulus, subiculum, chordal ridge, tympanic sinus of Proctor, sinus tympani and recess of the facial n. The variations in morphology and depth were noted as well as the relationship between the pyramid and the facial canal. In a second phase the same anatomic structures were studied in 24 temporal bones removed from embalmed cadavers and investigated with the same radiologic technique. Anatomic correlations were made for six temporal bones to confirm the general applicability of our radiologic hypotheses. In CT the pyramidal eminence was visualised in 100% of cases, the chordal ridge in 52%, the ponticulus in 63% and the subiculum in 57%. As regards the different recesses, the sinus tympani was visualised in 95% of cases, the posterior tympanic sinus of Proctor in 38%, the fossula of Grivot in 47% and the facial recess in 80%. The mean depth of the sinus tympani was 2.7 mm and that of the tympanic sinus of Proctor was 1.65 mm; the fossula of Grivot was assessed as 2.1 mm and the facial recess as 2.2 mm. A better knowledge of these sinuses and their variations will aid the surgeon, particularly in a posterior tympanotomy or a retro-facial approach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Temporal bone ; Radioanatomy ; High-resolution computed tomography ; Chorda tympani ; Auricular branch of vagus ; Carotico-tympanic nerve ; Tympanic nerve ; Lesser petrosal nerve
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this study was to define precisely the imaging of the canals of the temporal bone by means of high-resolution computed tomography (HR CT). Based on 24 temporal bones removed from embalmed cadavers and investigated with HR CT, several canals were studied: the canal of the chorda tympani (CdT), the canal of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve (ABV), the canal of the tympanic nerve, the canal of the carotico-tympanic nerve and that of the lesser petrosal nerve. Anatomic correlations for six temporal bones were made to confirm the validity of our radiologic hypotheses. In CT, in axial sections OM 0°, the posterior canal of the CdT was visualized in 71% of cases, the ABV canal in 4%, the inferior tympanic canal in 12.5%, the carotico-tympanic canal in no cases and the canal of the lesser petrosal nerve in 50% (and in 75% with an incidence of OM+10°). In coronal incidence, the posterior canal of the CdT was seen in 20% of cases, the ABV canal in 25%, the inferior tympanic canal in 85%, the carotico-tympanic canal in 65% and that of the lesser petrosal nerve in 15%. The six anatomic comparisons confirmed the radiologic hypotheses in every case. These different structures are easy to identify in HR CT and are important to define so that any lesion (tumoral or vascular) developing in their vicinity may not be overlooked.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Temporal bone ; Radioanatomy ; High-resolution computed tomography ; Chorda tympani ; Auricular branch of vagus ; Carotico-tympanic nerve ; Tympanic nerve ; Lesser petrosal nerve
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le but de ce travail était de définir avec précision en tomodensitométrie haute résolution (TDM HR) l'imagerie des canaux de l'os temporal. A partir de 24 os temporaux prélevés sur cadavres embaumés, explorés en TDM HR, plusieurs canaux ont été étudiés: canal de la corde du tympan (CdT), canal du rameau auriculaire du vague (RAV), canal du nerf tympanique, canal du nerf caroticotympanique et canal du nerf petit pétreux. Des corrélations anatomiques pour six os temporaux ont été réalisées pour confirmer l'ensemble de nos hypothèses radiologiques. En TDM, sur les coupes axiales OM 0° la visibilité du canal postérieur de la CdT était observée dans 71% des cas, celle du canal RAV dans 4% des cas, du canal tympanique inférieur dans 12,5% des cas, du canal carotico-tympanique dans aucun cas, du canal du nerf petit pétreux dans 50% des cas et dans 75% des cas lorsque que l'on réalisait l'incidence OM+10°. En incidence coronale, le canal postérieur de la CdT a été observé dans 20% des cas, le canal du RAV dans 25% des cas, le canal tympanique inférieur dans 85% des cas, le canal carotico-tympanique dans 65% cas et le canal du nerf petit pétreux dans 15% des cas. Les six confrontations anatomiques ont permis de confirmer dans tous les cas les hypothèses radiologiques. Ces différentes structures faciles à individualiser en TDM HR sont importantes à définir pour ne pas méconnaître une pathologie (vasculaire et tumorale) qui se développerait à leur contact.
    Notes: Summary The aim of this study was to define precisely the imaging of the canals of the temporal bone by means of high-resolution computed tomography (HR CT). Based on 24 temporal bones removed from embalmed cadavers and investigated with HR CT, several canals were studied: the canal of the chorda tympani (CdT), the canal of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve (ABV), the canal of the tympanic nerve, the canal of the carotico-tympanic nerve and that of the lesser petrosal nerve. Anatomic correlations for six temporal bones were made to confirm the validity of our radiologic hypotheses. In CT, in axial sections OM 0°, the posterior canal of the CdT was visualized in 71% of cases, the ABV canal in 4%, the inferior tympanic canal in 12.5%, the carotico-tympanic canal in no cases and the canal of the lesser petrosal nerve in 50% (and in 75% with an incidence of OM+10°). In coronal incidence, the posterior canal of the CdT was seen in 20% of cases, the ABV canal in 25%, the inferior tympanic canal in 85%, the caroticotympanic canal in 65% and that of the lesser petrosal nerve in 15%. The six anatomic comparisons confirmed the radiologic hypotheses in every case. These different structures are easy to identify in HR CT and are important to define so that any lesion (tumoral or vascular) developing in their vicinity may not be overlooked.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 6 (1997), S. 469-476 
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Key words Soil receptiveness ; Ectomycorrhizal association ; Laccaria bicolor ; Bioassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Soil receptiveness to a mycorrhizal association can be estimated by standard bioassay from a dose-response relationship. The method was developed using the association Pinus pinaster or Pseudotsuga menziesii with Laccaria bicolor as a model and was successfully used to characterize the receptiveness of two forest soils. From a physical and chemical point of view, both soils were receptive to the Laccaria bicolor association. Our results show that microbial factors are very important in the receptiveness of soil to ectomycorrhizal association. Ectomycorrhizal development on seedlings at outplanting sites is discussed in relation to soil receptiveness and the ecological competence of selected strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 91 (1989), S. 4728-4732 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present an ab initio calculation of polarizability and second hyperpolarizability for the benzene molecule including electron–electron correlation. The finite field method is used. For each selected strength of the applied electric field the energy of the benzene molecule is calculated using the self-consistent field method (SCF) as well as with its Møller–Plesset correction in the second order (MP-2). Then the microscopic optical nonlinear responses are calculated by fitting both the SCF energy and the MP-2 energy to a polynomial in the field strength. We find that electron correlation significantly enhances the second hyperpolarizability. For the polarizability, our computed value shows an excellent agreement with the experimentally measured value. For the second hyperpolarizability, the computed value using MP-2 energy shows a reasonable agreement with that reported by the electrical field induced second harmonic (EFISH) generation but a poor agreement with the result of degenerate four wave mixing (DFWM). Finally, we also compare our ab initio results with those previously reported using semiempirical methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 89 (1988), S. 7615-7620 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polyacetylene, (CH)x, films of 500, 5300, 10 500, and 100 000 Daltons number average molecular weights (Mn ) were synthesized using the titanium tetra-n-butoxide/triethyl aluminum-catalyst/cocatalyst system and examined using resonant Raman scattering techniques. Before isomerization, trans segments are found to exist mainly as short, isolated sequences independent of Mn. After thermal isomerization, theoretical analysis of the RRS spectra using the Brivio, Mulazzi model indicate the ratio of long trans conjugated segments (N≥30) to short trans conjugated segments (N≤30) is significantly larger for 100 000 Dalton polymer in comparison to polymer of 10 500 Mn and below. For samples below 10 500 Daltons, no clear relationship between actual polymer molecular weight and G is observed. Optimization of the isomerization conditions for 100 000 Dalton polymer results in trans-(CH)x with a G=0.80. These results suggest that not until very long molecular chains are obtained can samples composed principally of long conjugated segments be obtained. It is proposed that defects which arise during and after the polymerization limit the content of long segments. Ambient, short term oxidation of 100 000 Mn polymer shows a decrease in G from 0.80 to 0.70. Low level chain oxidation or doping is shown to preferentially occur within long conjugated segments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0375-9474
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Physics B (Proceedings Supplements) 32 (1993), S. 202-207 
    ISSN: 0920-5632
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0163-7525
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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