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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Micromethod for Measurement of Carbon-14-Labeled Material (1953)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 25 (1953), S. 987-988 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac60078a046
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intercellular communication and cell cooperation in growth control of T-lymphocytes (1982)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 9 (1982), S. 125-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Lymphocyte stimulation ; Intercellular communication ; Lymphokines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract T-lymphocyte stimulation is strictly dependent on cell cooperation. Cell contact dependent cell cooperation has been described as well as cooperation by soluble mediators, the lymphokines. We here present a unifying hypothesis proposing that both types of cell cooperation are performed by the same mediators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00539111
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic Factors in Relation to Drugs (1968)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Pharmacology 8 (1968), S. 427-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-1642
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pa.08.040168.002235
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potential antileprotic agents. 1. Inhibition of a model mycobacterial system by diaryl sulfones (1974)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 17 (1974), S. 142-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00247a031
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human Blood Dendritic Cells Exhibit a Distinct T-Cell-Stimulating Mechanism and Differentiation Pattern (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 36 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In this study, the mechanisms underlying stimulation of T-cell proliferation by human blood dendritic cells (BDC) and their differentiation have been defined with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs)- It was found that the MoAbs against LFA-I (CDlla), CD11c. LFA-3 (CD58), ICAM-1 (CD54) or HLA-DR could significantly suppress T-cell proliferation in an allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (P〈0.05), while being unable to inhibit clustering of BDC with T cells. Addition of anti-CD18 or CD45 MoAbs increased the size of clusters after 18 h of culture, but had no effect on the proliferation of T cells (P〈0.05). The suppressive effect of the MoAbs may be viewed not as an inhibition of contact between BDC and T cells, but rather as a blocking of co-stimulatory signals for T-cell activation, which are mediated by interaction of the adhesion molecules. After depleting the BDC preparations of monocytes. we used a double staining in FACS analysis to demonstrate that BDC do not express specific T (CD3), B (CD20 and CD2l)and myeloid cell markers (CDl1b, CDl3 and CD14), but abundant class II antigens. This pattern remained unaltered after 8 days of culture in the presence of 100 U/ml GM-CSF, although a threefold increase of HLA-DQ and ICAM-1 molecules on the cultured cells was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1992.tb03129.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Human In Vitro Granuloma Model Using Heat Killed Candidaalbicans Cells Immobilized on Plastic Culture Wells (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 45 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A new model for studying the initial events of granuloma formation in vitro is presented using heat killed Candida albicans immobilized on the surface of plastic culture wells. Human monocytes were induced to accumulate and to proliferate, forming multinucleated giant cells (MGC) and epitheloid cells within 4 days of culture. Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 were detected in culture supernatants. These monokines, and additionally macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), were also detected immunocytochemically. The granuloma formation was inhibited by Dexamethasone (Dex), Pentoxifylline (POF), or interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in a dose-dependent manner. Antibodies to M-CSF reduced the granuloma formation to a great extent with a striking reduction of monocyte proliferation. Using antibodies to TNF-α the authors found a complete inhibition of the granuloma including MGC formation and monocyte proliferation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1997.d01-435.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Exerts Opposing Effects to IL-4 on MHC Class-II Antigen Expression, Accessory Activity, and Phagocytosis of Human Monocytes (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 38 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To investigate the differentiation and activation of monocytes, the combined effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (D3) and IL-4 on human blood monocytes were examined with respect to expression of MHC class-II antigens, accessory activity, and phagocytic capacity. IL-4 was reported lo upregulate the expression of MHC class-II antigens and accessory activity of monocytes. The experiments described here demonstrate that D3 inhibits the expression of all three subtypes of MHC class-II antigens (HLA-DR, -DP and -DQ) as well as the accessory activity of monocytes. both in a dose- and time-dependent manner. However, D3 enhances the immunoglobulin- and complement-dependent phagocytosis by monocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner. When monocytes are treated with both IL-4 and D3, the effects of D3 are reverted by IL-4. suggesting that IL-4 induces the development of monocytes into accessory cells, whereas D3 stimulates differentiation of monocytes into classical macrophages. These findings provide further evidence for the contention that, depending on defined stimuli, monocytes may develop either into accessory cells or into classical macrophages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1993.tb03237.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enrichment and Characterization of Dendritic Cells from Rat Renal Mesangium (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 46 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Dendritic cells (DC) initiate primary immune reactions and are distributed throughout most tissues. The most potent DC population of the kidney has long been suggested to reside within the glomerular mesangium. Using LEW.1A rats, we enriched and characterized such low-density cells. Mesangial DC generally exhibited round to oval cell bodies and cytoplasmic veils. Phenotypically, these cells were 100% OX-6++, 45% OX-42++, 35% ED1low, 10% OX-62low, and negative for ED2 and α-naphtylbutyrate esterase. Introducing a new monoclonal antibody, R3, which stains a subset of splenic DC, we showed strong antigen expression on 60% of mesangial DC. Correlating cell populations were detected immunohistochemically. Functionally, mesangial DC potently stimulated allogeneic mixed leucocyte reactions, but did not phagocytose opsonized Escherichia coli. In addition to their striking phenotypic similarity with autologous splenic DC, mesangial DC exhibited 88% of the allostimulatory activity of splenic DC. Calculation indicated approximately two mesangial DC per glomerulum. We suggest that these cells comprise different maturation-dependent subsets. The OX-62 integrin especially appears to be expressed only on mature mesangial DC, which may correlate to lymphoid veiled cells or interdigitating DC. An employment of mesangial DC in experimental models of acute allograft rejection or glomerulonephritis is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1997.d01-175.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uptake and retention of morpholinyl anthracyclines by adriamycin-sensitive and-resistant P388 cells (1986)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 16 (1986), S. 247-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 3′-Deamino-3′-(4-morpholinyl)adriamycin (MRA) and 3′-deamino-3′(3-cyano-4-morpholinyl)adriamycin (MRA-CN) were compared with adriamycin (ADR) in ADR-sensitive (P388/S) and-resistant (P388/ADR) murine leukemia cell lines with respect to cytotoxicity and cellular accumulation. MRA is only two- to threefold more cytotoxic to P388/S in culture than ADR, whereas MRA-CN is 500-fold more cytotoxic than ADR to this cell line. Yet both MRA and MRA-CN retain their potency against P388/ADR in spite of a 150-fold decrease in potency for ADR. The observed noncross-resistance of both MRA and MRA-CN in P388/ADR correlates with their increased cellular uptake and retention relative to ADR and the inability of P388/ADR to exclude these analogs as readily as it does ADR. The decreased uptake of MRA and MRA-CN in P388/ADR relative to P388/S (1.5 to 2.0-fold), the increased efflux, and the ability of verapamil to enhance cellular uptake of these analogs in P388/ADR, as it does with ADR, all indicate that the mechanism of ADR-resistance effects ADR and the morpholino analogs in a similar manner but to far different extents. The potent cytotoxicity of MRA-CN appears to be related to strong cellular interactions of the drug with macromolecules that are characterized by its nonextraction from cells by chloroform: methanol or 10 M urea and may therefore represent covalent binding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293986
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative cytotoxicities of various morpholinyl anthracyclines (1985)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 14 (1985), S. 160-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A series of quinone- and sugar-modified analogs of adriamycin have been tested for growth inhibition of adriamycin-sensitive (P388/S) and -resistant (P388/ADR) sublines of P388 murine leukemia cells in vitro. P388/ADR is less resistant to analogs of adriamycin containing either a 3′-deamino-3′-(4″-morpholinyl) group, MRA; or a-(3″-cyano-4″-morpholinyl) group, MRA-CN, than to adriamycin. However, MRA-CN was the most potent growth inhibitor of either subline. This potency is reduced by either modification of the quinone unit with a 5-imino substituent or restriction of the cyano-morpholinyl ring by an oxygen bridge to the daunosamine sugar. The calcium antagonist verapamil substantially increases the cytotoxicity of adriamycin to P388/ADR but has no appreciable effect on the cytotoxicity of either MRA or MRA-CN. The results suggest that increased uptake and retention by both MRA and MRA-CN may contribute to their increased cytotoxicity, but that the intense potency of the cyano-morpholinyl analogs must be due to other unique properties of these compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00434357
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