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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 53 (1931), S. 1883-1889 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 47 (1969), S. 482-486 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary For the first time pharmacokinetics of131J-streptokinase were investigated in five subjects. The dosis to be administered (TID=titrated initial dosis) was calculated from the formerly determined antistreptokinase titer. The applied131J-streptase® has had an enzyme activity of 60000 I.U. per mg and a radioactivity of 102 µCi per mg. The free iodine activity was under 2,5% when estimated by chromatography. A single dosis of131J-streptokinase was administered in the range of 27000–110000 I.U., equivalent to 26–374 µCi. Maximum blood distribution was detected two to three minutes post injectionem (min p.i.). Up to 49.8 µCi per liter plasma activity were detectable in the metabolic phase. Plasma activity decreased continually, whereas the portion of activity absorbed to an ion exchanger increased from 0–51% during 120 min p.i. The peak fibrinolytic activity in blood (equals biologic peak of enzyme activity) was reached 20 min p.i. under continous determinations. The liver of the five subjects showed a maximum radioactivity at in average $$\bar x$$ =20.6 min p.i. After that a rapid elimination from liver and blood occured, providing a transmission to the extravasal space. The excretion phase was demonstrated by detection of 6% of administered activity in urin by 120 min p.i. These investigations have showed the liver in the center of peak enzyme kinetics of streptokinase. 20 min p.i. a transmission to the extravasal space occurs.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Vergleichende pharmakokinetische Untersuchungen mit131J-Streptokinase werden erstmalig an fünf Probanden durchgeführt. Die zugeführte Dosis (TID=titrierte Initialdosis) wird aus der vorher bestimmten Höhe des Antistreptokinase-titers errechnet. Die biochemische Enzymaktivität der verwendeten131J-Streptokinase beträgt 60000 E. je mg mit einer Aktivität von 102 µCi/mg. Die freie Jodaktivität liegt chromatographisch unter 2,5%. Verabreicht wird eine einmalige Dosis zwischen 27000 E und 110000 E131J-Streptokinase entsprechend 26 bis 374 µCi. Nach Inkorporation wird die intravasale Distribution maximal nach 2–3 min nachgewiesen. Während der metabolischen Phase sind bis 49,8 µCi je Liter Plasma Radioaktivität im Blut nachweisbar. Der Abfall im Blutplasma erfolgt kontinuierlich, wobei der an einen Ionenaustauscher adsorbierbare Anteil der Radioaktivität von 0 bis maximal 51% innerhalb von 120 min p.i. ansteigt. Gerinnungsphysiologisch ist der Höhepunkt der fibrinolytischen Aktivität im Blut (biologisches Maximum der Enzymaktivität) bei den kontinuierlichen Messungen nach 20 min p.i. erreicht. Bei den 5 Probanden tritt durchschnittlich $$\bar x$$ =20,6 min p.i. ein Maximum der Radioaktivität über der Leber auf. Danach ist die Abwanderungsgeschwindigkeit aus der Leber und dem Blut so stark, daß ein Übertritt in den extravasalen Raum erfolgt. Die Phase der Exkretion ist mit Erscheinen von 6% der zugeführten Aktivität im Urin nach 120 min p.i. nachweisbar. Die Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, daß die Leber während des Höhepunktes der Enzymkinetik der Streptokinase im Mittelpunkt steht. 20 min p.i. erfolgt ein Übergang in den extravasalen Raum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 46 (1968), S. 1309-1310 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The capability of platelets to spread out on standard zapon foils was investigated by phase contrast microscopy in 10 normal female subjects. The methodological standard deviations in 3 blood samples withdrawn in 10 minutes intervals was found to be low (s $$\bar x$$ =±1.41 whereas $$\bar x$$ =61.41%). During different phases of labour (25 women) no significant change in the evolution function could be demonstrated by statistical methods. In these women under labour the mean value was decreased ( $$\bar x$$ =54.91% whereass $$\bar x$$ =±1.81;p=0.001). This might be due to either deviation of age groups or to gestation itself.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Prüfung der Ausbreitungsfähigkeit der Blutplättchen mit Phasenkontrastmikroskopie auf genormten Zaponlackfolien bei 10 gesunden weiblichen Personen mit drei Blutentnahmen im Abstand von je 10 min ergibt einen niedrigen methodischen Fehler vons $$\bar x$$ =±1,41 bei $$\bar x$$ =61,41%. Bei 25 Gebärenden tritt keine statistisch zu sichernde Änderung der Evolutionsfunktion während der Geburtsphasen ein. Der erniedrigte Mittelwert bei Kreißenden von $$\bar x$$ =54,91%,s $$\bar x$$ =±1,81 (p=0,001), kann durch altersbedingte Streuung, zum anderen durch die Gestation selbst bedingt sein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 33 (1976), S. 93-102 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In 131 cases of craniocerebral trauma it was shown in what respect definite changes in the lungs, demonstrated by clinical course, radiographs and blood gas analyses, occurred in proportion to the severity of the trauma. The causes of these changes were considered and the possibility of complicating the course of the illness by administering oxygen in high concentrations was investigated. In 98 patients was an indication for treatment with a respirator. 41 patients were so treated for longer than 5 days (mean 17.7 days). The need for respirator treatment rose with the increasing severity of the trauma. Frequency and severity of tracheobronchial aspiration increased in proportion to the depth of unconsciousness. It occurred in 50–60% of cases with severe trauma. Minor pulmonary lesions developed in 13% of those patients who only had minor disturbances of consciousness. Patients who had aspirated had lower arterial oxygen tensions than those who had not aspirated. In a high percentage of cases considerable improvement could be achieved, despite severe lung changes. In patients treated with the respirator mean inspiratory oxygen concentrations of 75% were necessary to achieve arterial oxygen tensions of 150–200mmHg. No evidence of oxygen toxicity was found, despite long periods of treatment with high oxygen concentrations. Very often cases of craniocerebral injury are followed both by tracheobronchial aspiration, causing lung damage, hypoxia and acidosis, and by disturbances of coagulation. These disorders are to be considered as most important, each needing specific therapy.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung An 131 Schädel-Hirn-Traumatisierten wurde festgestellt, wie die Schwere des Schädel-Hirn-Traumas den Krankheitsverlauf beeinflußt, wann und in welchem Umfang röntgenologisch und blutgasanalytisch bestimmbare Lungenveränderungen auftraten, wodurch sie verursacht wurden bzw. ob dem Sauerstoff in hoher Konzentration ein verlaufsbestimmender Einfluß zugeordnet werden konnte. Bei 98 Patienten wurde die Indikation zur Beatmung gestellt; 41 Patienten wurden länger als 5 Tage beatmet (m=17,8 Tage). Mit der Schwere des Schädel-Hirn-Traumas stieg die Zahl der Beatmungsfälle an. Die Häufigkeit und das Ausmaß einer tracheobronchialen Aspiration beim Schädel-Hirn-Trauma nahm mit der Tiefe der Bewußtlosigkeit zu, schwere Schädel-Hirn-Traumen aspirierten in 50 bis 60% der Fälle. Auch bei leichten Fällen mit geringer Bewußtseinsstörung entwickelten sich bei 13% der Patienten begrenzte pulmonale Infiltrationen. Nach der Erstversorgung wiesen Fälle mit sicher abgelaufener tracheobronchialer Aspiration signifikant niedrigere arterielle Sauerstoffspannungen auf als solche ohne Aspiration. Bei einem hohen Prozentsatz der vorgestellten Schädel-Hirn-Traumen konnte trotz komplizierter pulmonaler Ausgangslage eine Besserung oder Normalisierung des Lungenbefundes erreicht werden. Bei den Beatmungsfällen wurde zur Erreichung eines arteriellen Sauerstoffdruckes von 150–200 mm Hg ein FI O2 von durchschnittlich 0,75 angewendet (inspiratorischer Sauerstoffanteil 75 Vol%). Trotz Langzeitbeatmung mit hohen Sauerstoffkonzentrationen wurden keine Hinweise auf Verlaufsbestimmende Lungenveränderungen durch Sauerstofftoxizität gefunden. Beim Schädel-Hirn-Trauma stellen neben der Hirnverletzung die tracheobronchiale Aspiration mit ihren pulmonalen Folgen, der Hypoxie und der Azidose, sowie die konsekutiven Gerinnungsstörungen die für die Lunge entscheidenden und therapiebedürftigen Schädigungen dar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 54 (1980), S. 243-250 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Haemodynamic studies were carried out in 12 patients who had sustained severe head injury. Radial artery pressure (AP), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), central venous pressure (CVP), and pulmonary wedge pressure (PAWP) were directly measured. Heart rate was monitored from the ECG, and cardiac output (CO) was measured intermittently by the thermodilution technique. Arterial and mixed venous blood samples were withdrawn simultaneously for measurement of PH, PCO2, PO2, and oxygen saturation. Additional cardiovascular data were calculated from standard formulae. The haemodynamic pattern in these head-injured patients was characterized by high cardiac index, low systemic vascular resistance, moderately high systemic pressure and heart rate, high pulmonary artery pressure and wedge pressure, and normal stroke index. These findings may be the result of autonomic or adrenergic stimulation by the injured brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the choice of anaesthetics and techniques the danger of a possible progressive increase of intracranial pressure (ICP) should be considered. Therefore the influence of intravenous anaesthetic agents on mean arterial pressure, ICP, and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) in patients with primarily increased ICP was observed under standard conditions for 20–40 minutes. Etomidate, thiopentone, propanidid, and ketamine showed remarkable effects on ICP, even in patients with disturbed cerebro-vascular reactivity. Etomidate and thiopentone cause a fall of ICP by 26%. Because of its stabilizing effects on circulation etomidate does not induce a reduction of CPP, whereas thiopentone will do so because of its depressing effect on blood pressure. Propanidid appears to be a less suitable agent when there is raised ICP, because it induces fluctuations of ICP and blood pressure up to the third minute after injection. According to our results, monoanaesthesia with ketamine cannot be recommended when there is increased ICP because it causes a prolonged increase in ICP, and reduction of blood pressure and CPP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0375-9601
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytica Chimica Acta 133 (1981), S. 31-40 
    ISSN: 0003-2670
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1047-8477
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 44 (1972), S. C10-C12 
    ISSN: 0022-328X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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