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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of the neurogenic inflammatory response by lidocaine in rat skin (1996)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 45 (1996), S. 10-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Sensory nerves ; Neurogenic inflammation ; Lidocaine ; Capsaicin-sensitive ; Skin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Axon reflex vasodilatation and neurogenic plasma extravasation are characteristic cutaneous vascular responses mediated by neuropeptides released from stimulated capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerve endings. Intracutaneous injections of local anaesthetics inhibit the axon-reflex flare elicited by chemical irritants in human skin. Results of earlier reports on the effects of local anaesthetics on neurogenic plasma extravasation are controversial. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to re-examine the effect of the local anaesthetic lidocaine on the neurogenic inflammatory response of rat skin. The effects of lidocaine on cutaneous inflammatory reactions were measured quantitatively by means of the Evans blue technique. Intracutaneous injection of lidocaine resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of the neurogenic inflammation elicited by mustard oil and of the dye leakage response to compound 48/80 or histamine. It is suggested that the site of this inhibition is beyond the sensory nerve terminal, presumably at the level of the vascular endothelium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02263498
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature effects on resting potential and spike parameters of cat motoneurons (1974)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 19 (1974), S. 478-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Temperature coefficients ; Electrogenic sodium pump ; Spike overshoot ; Hyperpolarizing afterpotential ; Motoneuron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary During intracellular recording from cat spinal motoneurons, the lumbo-sacral cord was subjected to rapid local temperature changes. Cooling to 30° C causes a decrease in the resting membrane potential (RMP), a transient increase in spike overshoot, and increases in the input resistance and the durations of both the action potential and the hyperpolarizing after-potential (HAP). Warming causes these membrane parameters to change in the opposite direction and can result in a failure of antidromic activation. The RMP changes are dependent upon the RMP at normal temperature, being negligible in cells having an initial RMP greater than 70 mV. The Q10-values of the three peaks of the differentiated spike are relatively high and nearly identical to the Q10-values of the corresponding rate constants for sodium activation and inactivation and potassium activation measured by Frankenhaeuser and Moore in toad nerve fibers, i.e. 1.71, 2.35 and 3.12, respectively. Delayed sodium inactivation and potassium activation explain the increase in spike overshoot observed during cooling, and the high Q10 of potassium activation is nearly identical to the Q10 of the time to peak of the HAP (3.12 vs. 2.97). The decrease in RMP during cooling is attributed to a decrease in the PK∶PNa ratio rather than to a blockage of an electrogenic sodium pump; the differences in RMP temperature sensitivities between cells with high and low initial RMP's might be due to a higher resting PK (anomalous rectification) at higher RMP. We conclude that the electrogenic pump does not normally contribute significantly to the RMP of cat motoneurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236112
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efferent functions of C-fiber nociceptors (1998)
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie 57 (1998), S. S8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0340-1855
    Keywords: Key words ; Antidromic vasodilatation ; axon reflex ; flare reaction ; plasma extravasation ; substance P ; calcitonin gene-related peptide ; galanin ; capsaicin ; fibromyalgia ; Schlüsselwörter ; Antidrome Vasodilatation ; Axonreflex ; Flarereaktion ; Plasmaextravasation ; Substanz P ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; Galanin ; Capsaicin ; Fibromyalgie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung C-Faser Nozizeptoren haben neben ihrer afferenten auch lokale efferente Funktionen, wie Vasodilatation, Plasmaextravasation und die Modulation neuronaler Aktivität, die durch Freisetzung der Neuropeptide Substanz P, Neurokinin A und Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) an der peripheren Endigung ausgelöst werden. In der Haut der Säugetiere (einschließlich Mensch) ist CGRP der wichtigste Mediator der Flarereaktion. Die Vasodilatation wird beim Schwein durch Aktivierung von spezifischen Hitzenozizeptoren induziert. Bei der Taube wird die antidrome Vasodilatation durch intrinsisch freigesetztes Galanin gehemmt. Plasmaextravasation kann beim Schwein in Hautblasen und mit der Mikrodialyse durch Histaminsuperfusion, nicht aber durch elektrische Stimulation und Capsaicin, ausgelöst werden. Die neurogene Komponente der Histaminantwort (64%) wird durch NK2-Rezeptoren vermittelt und kann durch CGRP moduliert werden. Die genannten Neuropeptide können zur Sensibilisierung und unter bestimmten Bedingungen zur Stimulation von Nozizeptoren führen. Die erhöhte Sensitivität der Flarereaktion bei Fibromyalgiepatienten deutet auf eine veränderte Funktion der C-Faser Nozizeptoren hin.
    Notes: Summary C-fiber nociceptors not only serve afferent but also local efferent functions. The local efferent functions, such as vasodilatation, axon reflex flare reaction, plasma extravasation, and modulation of neuronal activity, are mediated via a local release of substance P, neurokinin A, and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) from the peripheral ending. CGRP is the main mediator of the capsaicin-induced flare reaction in the mammalian skin (including humans). In the pig skin the vasodilatation is due to activation of specific heat nociceptors. In the pigeon, antidromic vasodilatation is markedly inhibited by intrinsic galanin. Plasma extravasation in the pig skin blister base or using microdialysis can be evoked by histamine, but not by electrical stimulation or capsaicin. The neurogenic component of the histamine response (64%) appears to be mediated via NK2 receptors and can be modulated by CGRP. There is some evidence that the neuropeptides can also sensitize or stimulate nociceptors. Since in the fibromyalgia syndrome an increased sensitivity of the flare reaction has been observed, the hyperalgesia might be partly due to altered functions of C-fiber nociceptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003930050226
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Classification and Properties of Nociceptive Afferent Units from the Skin of the Anaesthetized Pig (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 7 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The afferent properties of nerve fibres innervating the hairy skin of the pig hind limb were investigated by recording from 142 single units from the saphenous nerve. Identified single units were isolated using maximal electrical stimulation of the nerve trunk. Afferent units were classified on the basis of their responses to a range of stimuli, both thermal (heating to 60°C and cooling to 10°C) and mechanical (air jet, von Frey type filaments with forces of 0.1–250 mN, and strong pressure with a blunt needle). A-fibre units (conduction velocity 6.3–64 m/s, n= 60) fell into categories that have been described in hairy skin in other mammalian species. Most were mechanoreceptors, although seven typical A-fibre mechanical nociceptors with large, multipoint fields were also isolated. No cutaneous receptive field could be found for 15% of A-fibre units. Out of 62 C-fibre units (conduction velocity 0.49–2 m/s) 40% had no cutaneous field for pressure, heat or cold. Of the C-fibre units with cutaneous fields, 42% were polymodal nociceptors, 38% were mechanoreceptors with a variety of properties, including some excited by noxious heat, and 19% were heat-only nociceptors. C-polymodal nociceptors had large receptive fields up to 12.5 mm across and did not sensitize following strong heating. Twenty units conducted at 2–6.3 m/s, between the main C- and A-fibre bands, and were varied in their responses. Some had properties identical to C-fibre mechanoreceptors whilst four were sensitive cold thermoreceptors and one was a polymodal nociceptor. Two units were mechanical nociceptors with small receptive fields. The innervation of pig skin thus has some features like that of primates, such as the presence of C-heat nociceptors and the large receptive fields of C-polymodal nociceptors. However, other features were like non-primates (e.g. the minimal heat-sensitivity of A-mechanical nociceptors) or were unique (the heat-sensitive mechanoreceptors and the lack of heat sensitization in C-polymodal nociceptors from hairy skin).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1995.tb00339.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of capsacin on peptidergic nerves of the small intestine; a comparative study in rat and pigeon
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Regulatory Peptides 22 (1988), S. 79 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-0115
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-0115(88)90299-6
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The capsaicin action upon afferent neurones is mediated by a voltage dependent calcium-channel
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Regulatory Peptides 22 (1988), S. 146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-0115
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-0115(88)90366-7
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative studies about the efferent functions of peptidergic afferent nerve fibres
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Regulatory Peptides 22 (1988), S. 148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-0115
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-0115(88)90368-0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of capsaicin on afferent nerves and temperature regulation of mammals and birds
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Thermal Biology 11 (1986), S. 95-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 0306-4565
    Keywords: Capsaicin ; desensitization ; hypothalamic neurones ; nociception ; sensory neurones ; substance P ; temperature reception ; temperature regulation
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0306-4565(86)90026-4
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A possible morphological basis for the axon reflex
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Thermal Biology 8 (1983), S. 452-453 
    Details
    ISSN: 0306-4565
    Keywords: Rat ; bisbenzimide-fluorescence ; dichtomization ; dorsal root ganglion ; morphology ; propidium iodide-fluorescence
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0306-4565(83)90051-7
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Processing of afferent temperature signals in sensory ganglia and the spinal cord
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Thermal Biology 9 (1984), S. 51-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0306-4565
    Keywords: Temperature afferents ; afferent convergence ; central processing ; descending control ; dorsal horn neurons ; hypothalamus ; raphe ; sensory ganglia ; thalamus rat
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0306-4565(84)90037-8
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