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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biomechanical Stability and Design (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 523 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb38522.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Initial healing in the dog of submerged versus non-submerged porous-coated endosseous dental implants (1996)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Clinical oral implants research 7 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0501
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: It has previously been reported that porous-coated root form endosseous dental implants, became well integrated when used in the traditional 2-stage surgical approach. In this study, the placement of the implant in a 1-stage (non-submerged)technique was to be explored. Implants were placed in the mandibles of dogs, and 2 designs were used differing only in that one (experimental) had a 3mm transgingival extension, permitting it to be exposed lo the oral cavity from the outset. 12 (3 per animal) non-submerged implants were placed on I side of 4 beagle dogs and 12 control (submerged) implants were placed contralaterally. All implants were allowed to heal for 6 weeks, after which histological preparations were made. 2 of 12 non-submerged implants were lost due to post-operative complications: otherwise, all implants healed uneventfully. Histomorphometric analysis revealed bone-implant contact, as assessed by absolute bone contact (ABC) and contact length fraction (CLF). to be greater for the submerged design, suggesting that bone healing may be delayed with the non-submerged approach. As well. at this early stage of healing, for both implant designs, ABC and CLF were significantly greater on proximal than on buccal and lingual aspects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.1996.070203.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predictable crestal bone remodelling around two porous-coated titanium alloy dental implant designs. A radiographic study in dogs. (1994)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Clinical oral implants research 5 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0501
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have previously suggested that altering the height of the porous-coat segment of a partially porous-coated TiAl6V4 endosseous dental implant would affect the degree of crestal bone loss occurring during implant function by changing the patterns of stress transfer. This conclusion arose from the analysis of data from several different experiments and lacked a direct intra-animal comparison. In the present study we have compared two implant designs varying only in the extent to which they were porous-coated. With one design (type A) the coronal 1.8 mm of the implant root had a machined surface while the remainder of its length was porous-coated with TiAl6V4 beads. The other design (type B) had all but the coronal-most 0.75 mm porous-coated. Two implants of each type were placed in each of 4 dogs and the sites allowed to heal for 4 weeks before re-entry and prosthesis attachment. Monthly the implant-supported bridges were removed and radiographs exposed of each implant using a special film holder connected separately to each implant. These radiographs were analyzed for crestal bone loss using both direct visual and computer-assisted techniques. The results showed that bone remodelled to the machined surface-to-porous coat junction for type B implants and achieved a steady state by 12 weeks of function, whereas a longer time was required to achieve this state with type A implants. Significantly more bone loss occurred with the type A design, and this difference was detectable as early as after the first month of function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.1994.050303.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fracture toughness of composite acrylic bone cements (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 3 (1992), S. 333-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Composite bone cements incorporating one of four different filler particles (hydroxyapatite powder, graphite flakes or one of two types of rubber-modified acrylic particles) were made and the fracture toughness properties (K lc) and curing characteristics (peak curing temperature and cement extrudability while in the doughy state) assessed. The results showed that all filler types studied resulted in significant increases in fracture toughness while maintaining acceptable working and curing characteristics of the composite cements. The increase inK lc was related to the amount of filler incorporation. The observed dependence of the change inK lc on the wt% filler could be rationalized through the application of proposed mechanisms for toughening of particle-reinforced polymers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00705365
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxide-oxide interactions studied by transmission electron microscopy (1967)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 2 (1967), S. 28-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The use of electron diffraction to study the interface region of thin, composite oxide films provides a sensitive means of investigating the mechanism of the solid-state reactions between these oxide layers. An investigation of the reaction between CuO and Al2O3 and NiO and Al2O3 by this method indicates the formation of an aluminate layer by a mechanism involving cation counterdiffusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00550049
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of nitrogen additions to a cobalt-chromium surgical implant alloy (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 22 (1987), S. 575-580 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The efficacy of adding nitrogen to a Co-Cr surgical implant alloy in order to improve tensile and fatigue properties has been investigated. Using the heat treatments described in Part 1 of this study, the tensile properties of specimens with nominally 0.14, 0.19, 0.21 and 0.33 wt% carbon were evaluated in air at room temperature. The fatigue testing consisted of a rotating beam fatigue test at room temperature in air, at a frequency of 10 Hz. The results of the mechanical tests indicated that interstitial nitrogen additions to low carbon alloys (nominally 0.14 wt % carbon) increased the yield strength while maintaining good ductility. However, this beneficial effect was not apparent for the material tested in fatigue, possibly because of the overriding influence of inherent flaws within the heat treated testpieces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01160771
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of nitrogen additions to a cobalt-chromium surgical implant alloy (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 22 (1987), S. 565-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The determination of the feasibility of adding nitrogen to a cobalt-chromium implant alloy was undertaken with the ultimate goal of the work being the improvement of the static and fatigue properties of the alloy. Nitrogen additions were made using high-temperature heat treatments in a nitrogen-containing gas atmosphere. The effects of the nitrogen additions were characterized in this study using several techniques. The maximum solid solubility of nitrogen in the alloy at 1200° C (the heat-treatment temperature) was found to be approximately 0.35 wt % N. X-ray diffraction using nitrogen heat-treated powder samples indicated that the addition of nitrogen in solution resulted in a lattice dilation lying in the range of 0.0021 to 0.0035 nm per wt % N. Above the solubility limit, Cr2N and Cr2(CN) were present at the nitrogen heat-treatment temperatures in the form of large second-phase particles. Ageing of the alloy containing approximately 0.35 wt % N at 400° C resulted in the precipitation of CrN. A study of the nitrogen distribution suggested that the diffusion of nitrogen ms affected by the carbon content of the cobalt-base alloy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01160770
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical testing of plasma-sprayed ceramic coatings on metal substrates: Interfacial fracture toughness and tensile bond strength (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 26 (1991), S. 5383-5395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Plasma-sprayed ceramic coatings applied to metal components have uses in many diverse fields, including aerospace, electronics and, more recently, biomaterials. In all such applications success of the component relies on adequate bonding between the ceramic coating and metal substrate. In this study, a convenient and reliable test method to assess the fracture toughness of this metal/ceramic interface was developed by modifying an existing homogeneous short-bar configuration. Additionally, conventional tensile adhesive bond strength testing was conducted. For the alumina-coated Ti-6Al-4V model system studied, an interface toughness value of 1.84±0.20 MPa m1/2 was obtained. An interfacial tensile bond strength of 13.6±2.9 MPa was also measured for this system. Further refinement of this modified short bar technique taking into account experimental compliance behaviour and potential complex or mixed-mode stress intensities is needed to confirm these preliminary toughness values, which nevertheless offer a potentially more sensitive means of monitoring the mechanical integrity of this metal/ceramic interface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01143236
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Short-rod elastic-plastic fracture toughness test using miniature specimens (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 24 (1989), S. 2391-2400 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The standard ASTM-E399 plane-strain fracture toughness (K IC) test requires (1) the test specimen dimensions to be greater than a minimum size and, (2) fatigue precracking of the specimen. These criteria render many materials impractical to test. The short-rod elastic-plastic plane-strain fracture toughness test proposed by Barker offers a method of testing not requiring fatigue precracking and furthermore, it appears that test specimens smaller than that stipulated by ASTM can be used to obtain validK IC values. In this study, the use of a modified miniature short-rod fracture toughness test specimen was investigated. Our miniature short-rod specimen is approximately 7 mm long and 4 mm diameter. These mini specimens are well suited for the purpose of testing biomaterials. The value of the minimum stress intensity factor coefficient (Y m * ) for the mini short-rod specimens was determined experimentally using specimens machined from extruded acrylic rod stock. An elastic-plastic fracture toughness analysis using the mini specimens gave values ofK IC for extruded acrylic (nominally PMMA) equal to 0.67 ± 0.06 MPa m1/2. The problem of testing non-flat crack growth resistance curve materials (such as PMMA) using the short-rod fracture toughness test method is discussed. A modification to the test procedure involving the use of aY * value corresponding to a short crack length is suggested as a method of overcoming this difficulty.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01174501
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fracture toughness of acrylic bone cements (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 24 (1989), S. 3725-3738 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Clinical experience has shown that fracture of PMMA-based bone cements is a significant factor in the failure of orthopaedic joint replacements. Earlier studies of the fracture toughness properties of bone cement have been limited to relatively large test specimens — ASTM standard test methods require the use of specimens with dimensions considerably larger that those associated with bone cement in clinical use. In this study, a miniature short-rod specimen was used to measure the fracture toughness (K IC) or two bone cements (Simplex-P and Zimmer LVC). The dimension of our mini specimens approaches the cross-section of bone cements as usedin vivo. The short-rod elastic-plastic fracture toughness test method introduced by Barker was utilized to ascertain the effect of specimen preparation and ageing in distilled water on fracture toughness. Our study indicated that slow hand-mixed specimens possess comparable fracture toughness to centrifuged specimens. After ageing in water, however, centrifuged and slow hand-mixed specimens are more fracture resistant than specimens prepared by mixing the cement quickly. An optimum void content for the bone cements studied was suggested by the experimental results; for Simplex-P bone cement it appeared to be less than 1.6% whereas it was between 1.6 and 3.6% for Zimmer LVC cement. Simplex-P bone cement also showed superior fracture toughness compared to Zimmer LVC cement after storage in water for 60 days at 37° C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02385763
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