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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 56 (1978), S. 889-891 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Cardiac pacemakers ; Epoxy resin encapsulation ; Proteins in the epoxy casing ; Herzschrittmacher ; Epoxidharz-Kapsel ; Proteine in der Epoxidkapsel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei Herzschrittmachern mit Epoxidharz-Kapsel eines bestimmten Typs, die längere Zeit im menschlichen Körper implantiert waren, ließen sich mit Hilfe der Immunfluoreszenz sessile menschliche Eiweißkörper im Epoxid nachweisen. Diese Proteine sind mit der beschriebenen Methode aus den Spänen des Epoxidmantels nicht extrahierbar, wie durch Paralleluntersuchungen nach 2 verschiedenen Methoden gezeigt werden konnte. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen nach Lowry sind hierbei nicht verwertbar, da möglicherweise extrahierbare Träger von Aminogruppen miterfaßt werden.
    Notes: Summary On cardiac pacemakers with epoxy resin encapsulation of a certain type which had been implanted in humans for a considerable time, sessile human proteins were detected in the epoxy by means of immunofluorescence microscopy. These proteins are not extractable from shavings of the epoxy casing using the method described, as was shown by two different methods. The results of LOWRY's test on the eluate are invalid, because we assume that extractable amino groups are responsible for the positive results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 430 (1997), S. 181-184 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Lung adenoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Case report
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Alveolar adenomas of the lung may be a rare cause of solitary coin lesions on chest radiographs. We report a case of this neoplasm, describe its morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics and give further evidence that alveolar adenomas of the lung represent a benign proliferation of both the alveolar epithelium and the septal mesenchyme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 352 (1980), S. 272-272 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Cardiac pacemaker ; Atrial electrodes ; Reinterventions ; Herzschrittmacher ; Vorhofelektroden ; Korrektureingriffe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einem Zeitraum von 3 Jahren wurden bei 39 nach strengen hämodynamischen Kriterien ausgewählten Patienten insgesamt 41 Vorhof-Elektroden (36 J-Elektroden, 5 Schraubelektroden) zur Stimulation oder Steuerung implantiert. Bei 7 Patienten (18%) mußten Korrektureingriffe wegen Reizschwellenanstieg (4mal) oder Dislokation bzw. instabiler Lage der Elektrode (3mal) durchgeführt werden. Eine nachträgliche Lagekorrektur war nur in einem Fall erfolgreich, 4mal wurde das System nach Implantation einer Kammer-Elektrode geändert (AAI → VVI) und 2mal wurde die Störung durch Wechsel des Elektrodentyps behoben.
    Notes: Summary During the past three years, 41 atrial electrodes (36 J-leads and 5 screw-in electrodes) were implanted for stimulation and/or triggering in 39 patients selected by hemodynamic criteria. In 7 patients (18%) reinterventions for rise in threshold (4) and dislocation or instable position of the electrode (3) had to be performed. Repositioning of the electrode was successful only in one case while in 4 a ventricular electrode was implanted and the stimulation mode converted to ventricular pacing. In 2 other patients the complication was managed by changing the type of electrode.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 353 (1980), S. 75-80 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Cardiac pacemaker ; Atrial electrodes ; Reinterventions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einem Zeitraum von 3 Jahren wurden bei 39 nach strengen hämodynamischen Kriterien ausgewählten Patienten insgesamt 41 Vorhofelektroden (36 J-Elektroden, 5 Schraubelektroden) zur Stimulation oder Steuerung implantiert. Bei 7 Patienten (18%) mußten im Beobachtungszeitraum Korrektureingriffe wegen Reizschwellenanstieg (4mal) oder Dislokation bzw. instabiler Lage der Elektrode (3mal) durchgeführt werden. Eine nachträgliche Lagekorrektur war nur in einem Fall erfolgreich, 4mal wurde das System nach Implantation einer Kammerelektrode geändert (AAI → VVI) und 2mal wurde die Störung durch Wechsel des Elektrodentyps behoben.
    Notes: Summary During the past 3 years 41 atrial electrodes (36 J-leads and 5 screw-in electrodes) were implanted for stimulation and/or triggering in 39 patients selected by haemodynamic criteria. In seven patients (18%) reinterventions had to be performed because of a rise in threshold (four cases) and dislocation or unstable position of the electrode (three cases). Reposition of the electrode was successful in only one case, while in four cases a ventricular electrode was implanted and the stimulation mode converted to ventricular pacing. In two other patients the complication was managed by changing the type of electrode.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 347 (1978), S. 690-690 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Cardiac pacemaker ; Seat belt injury ; Herzschrittmacher ; Sicherheitsgurt ; Gurtverletzungen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Um Wechselwirkungen zwischen Gurt und Impulsgeber zu erfassen, wurden Auffahrunfälle bei 50 km/h auf der Crash-Bahn simuliert. Die linke Brustseite der Dummies wurde mit frischer Leichenhaut bedeckt, unter die ein mit einem Beschleunigungsaufnehmer ausgestatteter Impulsgeber gesteckt wurde. Der Aufprallvorgang wird bei 4 Anschnallsituationen im Film gezeigt. Die Ergebnisse lassen den Schluß zu, daß die herkömmlichen Sicherheitsgurte ein Risiko für die Schrittmacheranlage darstellen können. Verbesserungsvorschläge u. a. ein sog. Schild für den Impulsgeber werden aufgezeigt.
    Notes: Summary Collisions at 50 km/h were simulated on the crash-run in order to determine interchanges occurring between seat belts and pacemakers. The left side of the dummies' chests were covered with fresh cadaver skin, under which a pacemaker equipped with an acceleration meter was placed. The crash process is demonstrated in the film, the dummy being in three different belted-in situations. The results indicate that the type of seat belt customarily in use can represent a risk to the pacemaker system. Suggestions for improvements — e. g., among others a so-called pacemaker shield-are made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 347 (1978), S. 367-371 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Pacemaker ; Seat belts-Injuries ; Herzschrittmacher ; Sicherheitsgurtverletzungen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Verkehrsunfälle mit Schrittmachertragern, welche durch den Sicherheitsgurt zu Schaden kommen, sind selten. Dennoch unterliegen auch die 50000 Schrittmacherpatienten der Anschnallpflicht. Eine Umfrage unter 450 Schrittmachertragern ergibt, daß die Angurtquote bei SM-Patienten der allgemeinen Quote (ca. 50 %) entspricht. 50 % fühlten sich erheblich behindert oder zeigten durch den Gurt direkte Störungen über dem Schrittmacher. Versuche mit Testpuppen ergeben ein Abheben des Schrittmachers um ca. 7 cm durch den Aufprallvorgang (negative Beschleunigung) und Verdrängung durch den Gurt. Ein Schutzschild über dem Schrittmacher kann dies verhindern.
    Notes: Summary Although seat-belt-induced traffic accident injuries to wearers of pacemakers are rare, about 50,000 pacemaker patients have to “buckle up.” A study of 450 pacemaker patients indicated that, as in the general population, about 50% use their seat belts. Fifty percent of the patients felt uncomfortable or showed local damage of the area overlying the pacemaker. Studies with dummies revealed a 7-cm upward dislocation of the pacemaker caused by the negative acceleration and by the seat belt itself during the crash. This could be prevented by an external cap protecting the pacemaker.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Key words: Positron emission tomography ; Dual-detector coincidence imaging ; Fluorodeoxyglucose ; Lung cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Dual-head gamma cameras operated in coincidence mode are a new approach for tumour imaging using fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of such a camera system in comparison with a full-ring positron emission tomography (PET) system in patients with lung cancer. Twenty-seven patients (1 female, 26 males, age 62±9 years) with lung cancer or indeterminate pulmonary nodules were studied on the same day with a full-ring PET scanner (Siemens ECAT EXACT) and a coincidence gamma camera system (ADAC Vertex MCD). Sixty minutes after injection of 185–370 MBq FDG, a scan of the chest was performed with the full-ring system. Approximately 2 h p.i., the coincidence camera study was performed. Coincidence gamma camera (CGC) and PET images with (PETac) and without attenuation correction (PETnac) were analysed independently by two blinded observers. In addition, FDG uptake in primary tumours and involved lymph nodes was quantified relative to normal contralateral lung (T/L ratios). All primary tumours were histologically proven. The lymph node status was histologically determined in 23 patients. In four patients, no lymph node sampling was performed because of extensive disease or concurrent illnesses. In the 27 patients, 25 primary lung cancers and two metastatic lesions were histologically diagnosed. The number of coincidences per centimetre axial field of view was 3.33±0.93×105 for the CGC and 1.09±0.36×106 for the dedicated PET system. All primary tumours (size: 4.6±2.6 cm) were correctly identified in the CGC and dedicated PET studies. T/L ratios were 4.7±2.5 for CGC and 6.9±2.8 for PETnac (P 〈0.001). Histopathological evaluation revealed lymph node metastases in 11 of 88 sampled lymph node stations (size: 2.3±1.0 cm). All lymph node metastases were identified in the PETac studies, while PETnac detected 10/11 and CGC 8/11. For positive lymph nodes that were visible in CGC and PETnac studies, T/L ratios were 3.7±2.3 for CGC and 6.6±3.1 for PETnac (P=0.02). The diameters of false-negative lymph nodes in the CGC studies were 0.75, 1.5 and 2 cm. False-positive FDG uptake in lymph nodes was found in two patients with all three imaging methods. For all lesions combined, T/L ratios in CGC relative to PETnac studies decreased significantly with decreasing lesion size (r=0.62; P〈0.001). In conclusion, compared with a full-ring PET system the sensitivity of CGC imaging for detection of lung cancer is limited by a lower image contrast which deteriorates with decreasing lesion size. Nevertheless, the ability of CGC imaging to detect pulmonary lesions with a diameter of at least 2 cm appears to be similar to that of a full-ring system. Both systems provide a similar specificity for the evaluation of lymph node involvement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 99 (1993), S. 85-90 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The value of the number and size of the nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) as prognostic indicators in human neuroendocrine lung tumours was evaluated in a quantitative study of 57 cases, including 33 small cell carcinomas (SCLCs), 9 well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (WDNECs) and 15 “classic” carcinoids. NORs were visualized on paraffin sections by an argyrophilic technique (AgNOR) and measured by automatic image analysis. In each case, the mean number and area of AgNORs were evaluated; the results were compared with clinical follow-up and survival. AgNOR values for both number and area were significantly higher in SCLCs than in WDNECs and carcinoids. WDNECs had insignificantly higher AgNOR values than carcinoids. Among SCLCs, AgNOR values of the oat cell subtype and the intermediate cell subtype did not differ significantly. Regardless of the histological tumour type, AgNOR values strongly correlated with prognosis, with more and larger AgNORs indicating a more progressive clinical course. In the present study we demonstrate for the first time that the biological behaviour of neuroendocrine lung tumours is correlated with the number and size of AgNORs. Thus the measurement of AgNORs may serve as an additional prognostic indicator in these neoplasms, particularly in the separation of SCLCs from WDNECs with a more favourable prognosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 38 (1998), S. 256-262 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Key words Bronchial carinoma • Diagnostic procedures • CT • MRT • PET ; Schlüsselwörter Bronchialkarzinom • Diagnostik • ; CT • MRT • PET
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Für Primärdiagnostik und Staging des Bronchialkarzinoms stellt die Computertomographie (Thorax mit Oberbauch, Schädel) neben den konventionellen Röntgenaufnahmen in 2 Ebenen die Standarduntersuchung dar und bildet mit Oberbauchsonographie und Skelettszintigraphie das diagnostische Basisprogramm. Die MRT sollte gezielt für spezielle Fragestellungen zum Einsatz kommen und bei Patienten mit Kontrastmittelallergie. Der klinische Stellenwert der Positronen-Emissions-Tomographie (PET) v. a. beim Lymphknotenstaging wird derzeit in Studien evaluiert. In Folge der hohen Sensitivität der genannten Untersuchungsmethoden bei relativ geringer Spezifität, besteht grundsätzlich eine Tendenz zum „over-staging“, die v. a. für potentiell operable Patienten Risiken in sich birgt. Inoperabilität signalisierende Kriterien (T3, T4, N2, N3, in Einzelfällen auch M1) müssen daher vor folgenschweren therapeutischen Entscheidungen durch gezielte bioptische Verfahren, ggf. durch explorative Thorakotomie histologisch verifiziert werden.
    Notes: Summary In addition to conventional chest X-rays in AP and lateral projection, computed tomography of the chest, upper abdomen, and head, percutaneous ultrasonography of the abdomen, and bone scintigraphy represent the standard procedures for the primary diagnosis and staging of bronchial carcinoma. Magnetic resonance imaging should be reserved for special situations and patients with allergy to IV contrast medium. The clinical value of positron emission tomography (PET) primarily with respect to lymph-node staging is currently being evaluated in ongoing studies. Due to the high sensitivity of the listed staging modalities in combination with rather low specifity, there is a general tendency towards “over staging”, which carries certain risk particularly for potentially operable patients. Consequently the criteria which indicate inoperability (T3, T4, N2, N3 and, in individual cases, M1) have to be confirmed histologically by biopsy employing interventional techniques or even by explorative thoracotomy before definite therapeutic decisions are made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 378 (1993), S. 26-31 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Bronchogenic carcinoma ; Surgical therapy ; Prognostic factors ; Actuarial survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In eine prospektive Studie wurden 1325 Patienten mit Bronchialkarzinom aufgenommen, die von 1981–1991 an der Chirurgischen Klinik der Technischen Universitat Munchen untersucht und behandelt worden waren. Die 5-Jahres-Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit der 605 Patienten mit Plattenepithelkarzinom betrug 28,2%, der 288 Patienten mit Adenokarzinom 38,0%, der 219 Patienten mit kleinzelligem Karzinom 15,4%, der 74 Patienten mit großzelligem Karzinom 19,0% und der 139 Patienten mit sonstiger Histologie 27,8%. 680 Patienten (51,4%) wurden operiert. Hierbei betrug die Rate der explorativen Thorakotomien 6,2%. Die 30-Tage-Letalität lag für die Lobektomie bei 1 %, für die Bilobektomie bei 7,3 % und für die Pneumonektomie einschließlich erweiterter Resektionen bei 7,7%. Bei den 680 operierten Patienten war die stadienbezogene 5-Jahres-Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit 64,8% für TINOMO, 49,4% für T2N0M0, 46, 1% für TINIMO, 43,4% für T2N1M0, 23,8% für das Stadium III und 11,7% für das Stadium IV des Bronchialkarzinoms. Im Frühstadium TINOMO wies das Adenokarzinom mit 82,2% 5-JahresÜberlebenswahrscheinlichkeit eine deutlich bessere Prognose auf als das Plattenepithelkarzinom mit 55,9%. Im Stadium III hatten die Patienten mit ciner fortgeschrittenen Lymphknotenmetastasierung N2 eine wesentlich ungünstigere Prognose als diejenigen mit einem zwar ausgedehnten Primärtumor T3-4, aber fehlender oder nur lokaler Lymphknoteninfiltration N0-1 (18,1 % 5-Jahres-Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit gegeniiber 31,7%). Durch die schrittweise logistische Regression könnten das Tumorstadium, das Therapieverfahren und die Histologic als die Variablen mit der gröBten prognostischen Relevanz für das Überleben identifiziert werden. Wurde nach der Tumorresektion eine adjuvante Radiatio durchgeführt, so gelang es in den Tumorstadien II und III sowohl beim Plattenepithel- als auch beim Adenokarzinom, die Prognose zu verbessern. Es könnte die gleiche Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit erreicht werden wie bei den Patienten, die sich im jeweils nächst niedrigeren Tumorstadium befanden und die nur reseziert wurden. Die operative Therapie des Bronchialkarzinoms in frühen Stadien weist somit bei geringem Risiko eine giinstige 5-JahresÜberlebenswahrscheinlichkeit auf, welche durch eine adjuvante Radiatio wahrscheinlich noch verbessert werden kann.[/p]
    Notes: Abstract A total of 1325 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma who were treated at the surgical clinic of the Technical University of Munich between 1981 and 1991 were enrolled in a prospective follow-up study. The 5-year actuarial survival rate of 605 patients with squamous cell carcinoma was 28.2 %, of 288 patients with adenocarcinoma 38.0%, of 219 patients with small cell carcinoma 15.4%, of 74 patients with giant cell carcinoma 19.0%, and of 139 patients with other histologic findings 27.8%. In all, 680 patients (51.4%) underwent surgery. Diagnostic thoracotomy without resection was performed in 6.2 % of cases. Lethality within 30 days was 1 % for lobectomy, 7.3% for bilobectomy, and 7.7% for pneumonectomy including extended resections. The 5-year survival rates among the operated patients were 64.8% for TINOMO tumours, 49.4% for T2N0M0, 46.1 % for TINIMO, 43.4% for T2N1M0, 23.8% for T3 and 11.7% for T4. T1 N0M0 adenocarcinoma was associated with a better prognosis than squamous cell carcinoma of the same early stage, with a 5-year survival rate of 82.2 % vs 55.9 %. The prognosis of patients with T3N2 was worse than that of patients with a T3–4 primary tumour but only N0-1 lymph node involvement (5-year survival rate 18.1 % vs 31.7 %). Stepwise logistic regression analysis identified tumour stage, therapy, and histologic result as the factors with the greatest impact on the prognosis. Adjuvant radiation after resection in patients with T2-3 adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma improved the prognosis by one tumour stage compared with patients who only underwent surgery. In conclusion, surgical therapy of bronchogenic carcinoma offers favourable survival rates with acceptable risk. If there is lymph node involvement, the prognosis can be improved by adjuvant radiotherapy.
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