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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 27 (1993), S. 119-130 
    ISSN: 0165-2370
    Keywords: CO"2 diffusion ; CaCO"3 ; TGA. ; decarbonation ; pyrolysis
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 25 (1993), S. 387-394 
    ISSN: 0165-2370
    Keywords: Beech wood ; heat transfer ; kinetic data ; pyrolysis.
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Thermochimica Acta 240 (1994), S. 79-89 
    ISSN: 0040-6031
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 8 (2001), S. 866-868 
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: We have examined the oxidation states and local atomic structures of Ni, Fe, and Co in LixNi0.7Fe0.15Co0.15O2 as a function of Li content during the first charge in a Li//LixNi0.7Fe0.15Co0.15O2 nonaqueous cell. We show that the composition of the material in the pristine state is more accurately described by Li0.95Ni(II)0.09Ni(III)0.66Fe(III)0.15Co(III)0.15O2. Half of the Ni(II) resides in Li-vacant sites. Both Fe and Co substitute for Ni within the NiO2 slabs with no significant amounts of Fe or Co that can be attributed to Li-vacant sites. The local structure parameters are consistent with oxidation states observed on the basis of the XANES data. The Ni K-edge energy continuously shifts to a higher energy with decrease in Li content due to oxidation of Ni(II) to Ni(III) and Ni(III) to Ni(IV). After the complete oxidation of Ni(III) to Ni(IV), the Fe K-edge energy begins to increase with further decrease in Li content indicating the oxidation of Fe(III) to Fe(IV). The Co K-edge energy at half-height, on the other hand, is unchanged during the whole range of Li deintercalation indicating that no significant change in the oxidation state of Co occurs upon the complete removal of Li.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 3 (1974), S. 473-481 
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Highly divided C can be formed by heat treatment of hydrocarbons in absence of O (thermal decomposition) or in its presence (flames). This variety of C, named soot or carbon black, has a considerable polluting effect. Moreover, considering the increasing cost of energy sources, energy loss under the form of unburnt species has to be reduced. To decrease or to suppress soot formation, it is often necessary to know the mechanism of formation and, in particular, the phenomena involved in the nucleation step. The mechanism of soot formation in flames is basically identical in premixed flames and in diffusion flames. However, as the different chemical stages are well separated, from a spatial point of view, in premixed flames, most investigations deal with this type of flame. In the oxidation zone of the flame (blue zone), a part of the hydrocarbon is burnt out while another part undergoes complex reactions leading to polyacetylenes and later to polycyclic hydrocarbons with lateral chains. In the same region, ions are formed by chemiionization. In the zone of formation of C particles (yellow zone), polycyclic hydrocarbons are dehydrogenated and give polyaromatic hydrocarbons; their partial pressure increases until they reach a supersaturation high enough to induce nucleation of liquid microdroplets. The microdroplets are formed by homogeneous nucleation as well, probably, as the nucleation on the positive ions formed in the oxidation zone of the flame; they are converted by growth, association and chemical transformation into solid soot particles. In thermal systems, the mechanisms involved are identical except that nucleation on ions may be disregarded. In both systems, nucleation of microdroplets is a fast and discontinuous phenomenon. Such an understanding in C particle formation might be efficiently used to reduce noticeably atmospheric pollution and energy loss by soot formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-7438
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des cas de trichinelloses chez des porcs en Bolivie ont été rapportés pour la première fois en 1993 après le suivi d'un petit abattoir d'une Communauté rurale de l'Altiplano bolivien. La présente étude s'intéressa à la présence d'anticorps contreTrichinella spiralis chez des porcs pour les 2 plus grands départements boliviens en terme de production porcine. L'étude de 3 abattoirs géographiquement distincts fut conduite pour couvrir les principales aires de production dans les Départements de Santa Cruz et de Chuqisaca. Les serums furent testés par ELISA. Parmi les 1327 serums analyses pour les 3 zones, 13,4% furent positifs. Les résultats de séropositivité pour les 3 zones varient entre 10,2% et 17,1%. Cependant, pour les 3 zones étudiées des variations trés significatives de séropositivité furent observées avec des pourcentages de séropositivité les plus élévés pour les zones ayant des systèmes de production extensive. De telles variations sont probablement dùes aux différences de nutrition par fourrage et déchets ménagés, principales composantes du régime alimentaire des porcs dans les systèmes de production extensive. Les résultats de cette étude furent similaires à ceux obtenus lors d'une étude précédente dans l'Altiplano, indiquant que la trichinellose est présente dans toute la Bolivie et apparait potentiellement comme un problème important de santè publique.
    Abstract: Resumen La triquinosis porcina fue detectada por primera vez en Bolivia en 1993 después de un estudio realizado en un matadero situado en una pequeña comunidad del altiplano. En est artículo se investigó la presencia de anticuerpos frente aTrichinella spiralis en cerdos en los 2 departamentos con una mayor cabaña porcina de Bolivia. Se estudiaron 3 matederos separados entre sí con objeto de cubrir las principales áreas productoras de cerdos en los departamentos de Santa Cruz y Chuquisaca. Se realizaron tests ELISA para detectar anticuerpos en el suero. De las 1327 muestras analizadas en total, el 13·4% fueron positivas. Los resultados obtenidos en cada matadero variaron entre el 10·2 y el 17·1% de seropositivos. No obstante, dentro de cada matadero se encontró una gran variabilidad, y aquellas áreas con sistemas de producción más extensivos fueron las que tuvieron porcentajes más altos de animales positivos. Esto se debe probablemente a diferencias en la alimentación, puesto que el pastoreo y el aprovechamiento de residuos domésticos son más importantes en los sistemas extensivos. Estos resultados son similares a los obtenidos anteriormente en otros estudios realizados en el altiplano e indican que la triquinosis está extendida en Bolivia y supone un peligro potencial para la salud humana.
    Notes: Summary Trichinellosis in pigs in Bolivia was first documented in 1993 following a small abattoir survey in a rural community in the Bolivian Altiplano. The present study investigated the presence of antibodies toTrichinella spiralis in pigs in the 2 largest departments in terms of pig production in Bolivia. Three geographically separate abattoir surveys were conducted to cover the major production areas in the Departments of Santa Cruz and Chuquisaca. Sera were tested using an enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Of the 1,327 sera analysed from the 3 areas, 13·4% overall tested positive. Results from the 3 individual surveys varied from 10·2% seropositivity to 17·1 per cent. However, within each of the 3 sample areas, highly significant variation in seropositivity was encountered, with those areas with the most extensive production systems having the highest percentage of positive sera. Such variation is probably due to differences in nutrition with foraging and household waste being important components of pig diets in extensive production systems. The results of this study were similar to those obtained from the previous survey in the Altiplano and indicate that trichinellosis is present throughout Bolivia and is a potentially important public health problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons formed during the combustion of three common fuels (coal, wood and kerosene) were separated and identified by capillary-column gas chromatographic mass spectrometry and were compared to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from Indianapolis, a high coal consuming area, and Boston, a low coal consuming area. High resolution mass spectral data were utilized in the construction of alkyl homolog plots for the comparison of alkyl distribution within each sample.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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