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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decreased production or increased turnover of antithrombin III in severe acquired coagulopathy? (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 59 (1981), S. 1349-1351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Antithrombin III ; Plasma elimination Half-life ; Consumption coagulopathy ; Antithrombin III ; Plasma-Eliminations-Halbwertszeit ; Verbrauchskoagulopathie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Verlauf einer schweren Gerinnungsstörung bei einem Säugling mit Sepsis und Schock wurden vor und während der Substitutionsbehandlung mit humanem Antithrombin wiederholt die Antithrombin-III Spiegel gemessen. Diese Daten wurden mit Hilfe einer Biexponentialfunktion mathematisch ausgewertet. Die Plasma-Eliminations-Halbwertszeit des Antithrombins betrug 7,5 bzw. 10,5 Stunden. Verglichen mit bekannten Plasma-Halbwertszeiten von radioaktiv markiertem Antithrombin III bei Erwachsenen war die Elimination um den Faktor 5–10 beschleunigt. Die deutlich erniedrigten Antithrombin III Spiegel in diesem Fall konnten also mindestens teilweise auf einen beschleunigten Umsatz des Antithrombins zurückgeführt werden. Die Bestimmung der Plasma-Eliminations-Halbwertszeit von Antithrombin III ist hilfreich bei der Abgenzung einer verminderten Produktion von einem gesteigerten Umsatz im Verlauf einer Koagulopathie. Die Diagnose einer disseminierten intravasalen Gerinnung kann so etwas sicherer gestellt werden. Die Vorteile der Antithrombin- Substitutionstherapie werden bei diesem Vorgehen genützt, die Nachteile radioaktiv markierter Proteine vermieden.
    Notes: Summary During the course of severe coagulopathy in an infant suffering from septicaemia and shock, antithrombin III levels were determined repeatedly before and during substitution therapy with human antithrombin. By mathematical analysis of these data, using a biexponential function, the plasma elimination half-life of the antithrombin III was estimated to be 7.5–10.5 h. Compared with known plasma half-lives of radioactively labelled antithrombin III in adults the increase was five-to ten-fold. This indicates that the significantly decreased levels of antithrombin III in this case of coagulopathy were at least partly due to an accelerated consumption of antithrombin III. The estimation of the plasma elimination half-life of antithrombin III helps to differentiate decreased production from increased consumption in cases of severe coagulopathy. Thus, a more precise diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation can be made whilst taking advantage of substitution therapy and avoiding the hazards of radioactive tracer proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01720555
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Digoxin-Serumkonzentrationen und Digitalisüberdosierung bei Neugeborenen, Säuglingen und Kleinkindern (1974)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 118 (1974), S. 207-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Digoxin ; Serumconcentrations ; Digitalis overdosing ; Newborns ; Prematures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An Hand zahlreicher Einzelbestimmungen von Digoxin-Serumkonzentrationen bei Kindern yerschiedener Altersklassen (Früh- und Neugeborene, Säuglinge und Kleinkinder) konnten wir erhebliche Unterschiede in den Steigungen der Regressionsgeraden bei der Korrelation zwischen der Gesamttagesdosis und den Serumspiegeln sehen. Bei allen Altersgruppen bestand eine hochsignifikante Korrelation zwischen der Gesamttagesdosis und den Serumkonzentrationen. Bei den Früh- und Neugeborenen traten nach vergleichbaren Digitalisgaben deutlich höhere Serumkonzentrationen als bei älteren Kindern auf. Durch die Bestimmung der Verteilungsquotienten ließ sich nachweisen, daß sich Digoxin bei Früh- und Neugeborenen wie 1∶15 bzw. 1∶17, bei Kleinkindern wie 1∶27 zwischen Blut und Gewebe verteilt. Um gleiche Gewebespiegel zu erreichen, müssen daher bei früh- und neugeborenen Kindern höhere Serumkonzentrationen als bei größeren Kindern vorliegen. Während bei Säuglingen und Kleinkindern Serumspiegelbestimmungen der Glykoside eine Hilfe bei der Vermeidung von Überdosierungen sein können, hat die Methode bei Früh- und Neugeborenen noch wenig Aussagekraft.
    Notes: Abstract On the basis of numerous determinations of digoxin levels in the serum of children in different age groups (prematures, normal-weight newborns, infants, and children) we could demonstrate remarkable differences in the regression lines for the correlation between total daily doses and digoxin serum levels. In all age groups there was a significant correlation between total daily doses and serum levels. After comparable digitalizing doses we found significantly higher levels in premature and normal-weight newborns. By determining distribution quotients it could be demonstrated that digoxin is distributed between blood and tissue in the ration 1∶15 in prematures and 1∶17 in newborns, as compared to 1∶27 in children. Prematures and newborns required significantly higher serum levels than older children in order to reach equal tissue levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00464611
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zinc deficiency in an exclusively breast-fed preterm infant (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 154 (1994), S. 71-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words     Zinc deficiency ; Acrodermatitis enteropathica ; Breast-fed ; Preterm infant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract      A formerly premature, exclusively breast-fed infant with severe zinc deficiency syndrome is presented. He showed the characteristic erosive skin changes, including alopecia, as seen in acrodermatitis enteropathica. In addition, he manifested a failure to thrive and irritability. The diagnosis was confirmed by reduced serum levels of zinc (2.3 μmol/l) and alkaline phosphatase (45 U/l). We consider the reduced zinc supply in the breast milk (5.7 μmol/l) as the most likely cause of the disease. Therapy consisted of oral zinc supplements (50 μmol/kg/ day) for a period of 30 weeks. Symptoms and laboratory values normalized completely and did not recur on a normal diet. Conclusion     A diet of breast milk can, in rare circumstances, cause insufficient zinc intake resulting in severe zinc deficiency syndrome with characteristic dermatological features. Therapy consists of temporary oral zinc supplementation at a daily dose of 50 μmol/ kg.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050252
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma elimination of antithrombin III (heparin cofactor activity) is accelerated in term newborn infants (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 141 (1984), S. 225-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Antithrombin III (heparin cofactor activity) ; Plasma elimination half-life ; Newborn infants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Antithrombin III (AT III) levels are markedly increased in newborn infants following exchange transfusion with adult blood, and subsequently return to pre-exchange values. This transient rise in AT III (heparin cofactor activity), was used to estimate its plasma elimination half-life. AT III activities were measured serially, before and after double-volume exchange transfusions with heparinised blood in newborn infants requiring therapy for severe hyperbilirubinaemia. The plasma elimination half-life of AT III activity was calculated to be 3.9±1.4 h ( $$\overline X = 2.05$$ ±SEM). Compared with published data on the kinetics of AT III infusions in adults, the neonate has a considerably accelerated turnover. This finding has important implications for the design of future therapeutic trials of AT III concentrates and provides further evidence that plasma proteins, including components of the coagulation system, appear to have different kinetics in the neonatal period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00572765
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dysplastic features, growth retardation, malrotation of the gut, and fatal ventricular septal defect in a 4-month-old girl with ring chromosome 15 (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 142 (1984), S. 229-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Chromosomal aberration ; Ring chromosome 15 ; Dysplasias ; Malformations ; Ventricular septal defect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 20-day-old female neonate was admitted with symptoms caused by a large ventricular septal defect which was subsequently confirmed angiographically. Other clinical findings were pre-and postnatal growth retardation, microcephaly, dysmorphism of ears, fingers and feet. Cytogenetic analysis revealed a ring chromosome 15. Despite a palliative banding operation of the pulmonary artery, the infant succumbed to complications of her congenital heart disease in the 4th month of life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442457
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the concentrations of chloramphenicol in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of neonates, infants, and small children (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 124 (1977), S. 129-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Drug interaction ; Chloramphenicol blood levels ; Cerebrospinal fluid concentration ; Meningitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In Untersuchungen an 383 Kindern (Früh- und Neugeborenen, Säuglingen und Kleinkindern) wurde die Wechselwirkung zwischen Chloramphenicol und Penicillin sowie Phenobarbital geprüft. Erwartungsgemäß lagen bei gleicher Chloramphenicoldosierung die Chloramphenicolkonzentrationen im Serum neugeborener Kinder erheblich über denen der Säuglinge und Kleinkinder. In der Altersklasse der Früh- und Neugeborenen sowie der Säuglinge traten unter Chloramphenicol-Penicillin-Kombination signifikant höhere Gesamtchloramphenicolkonzentrationen auf als bei Chloramphenicol-Monotherapie. Zugabe von Phenobarbital zu der Kombination verringerte bei Neugeborenen signifikant die Chloramphenicolkonzentrationen. Die Erniedrigung der Chloramphenicolserumkonzentrationen unter Phenobarbital konnte bei der Altersgruppe der Säuglinge nicht statistisch gesichert werden. Keinen Einfluß auf die Chloramphenicolserumkonzentrationen zeigten Kombinationen von Chloramphenicol mit Ampicillin, Gentamycin oder Cephalosporinderivaten. Der Übertritt von Chloramphenicol aus dem Serum in den Liquor war in der akuten Entzündungsphase etwa doppelt so hoch wie bei nicht mehr akut erkrankten Meningen (60 bzw. 30% der Serumkonzentrationen). Eine Altersabhängigkeit der Liquorpassage von Chloramphenicol konnte nicht gesehen werden.
    Notes: Abstract The interactions between chloramphenicol, penicillin and phenobarbitone were investigated in 383 children (premature and neonate children, infants and small children). As expected, the chloramphenicol concentrations in the serum of the newborns was considerably higher than that of infants and small children with the same dosage of chloramphenicol. In the age group of the premature and newborn children and infants there were significantly higher total chloramphenicol concentrations with the chloramphenicol-penicillin combination than with chloramphenicol monotherapy. Addition of phenobarbitone to the combination significantly reduced the chloramphenicol concentrations in the neonates. Lowering of the serum chloramphenicol concentrations by phenobarbitone could not be statistically confirmed in the infant age group. Combinations of chloramphenicol with ampicillin, gentamycin or cephalosporin derivatives showed no influence on serum chloramphenicol concentrations. Transference of chloramphenicol from the serum to the cerebrospinal fluid was about twice as high in the acute inflammatory stage as when the meninges were no longer acutely diseased (60 and 30% respectively of the serum concentrations). The passage of chloramphenicol to the cerebrospinal fluid showed no dependence on age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00477548
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zinc deficiency in an exclusively breast-fed preterm infant (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 154 (1995), S. 71-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Zinc deficiency ; Acrodermatitis enteropathica ; Breast-fed ; Preterm infant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A formerly premature, exclusively breast-fed infant with severe zinc deficiency syndrome is presented. He showed the characteristic erosive skin changes, including alopecia, as seen in acrodermatitis enteropathica. In addition, he manifested a failure to thrive and irritability. The diagnosis was confirmed by reduced serum levels of zinc (2.3 μmol/l) and alkaline phosphatase (45 U/l). We consider the reduced zinc supply in the breast milk (5.7 μmol/l) as the most likely cause of the disease. Therapy consisted of oral zinc supplements (50 μmol/kg/day) for a period of 30 weeks. Symptoms and laboratory values normalized completely and did not recur on a normal diet. Conclusion A diet of breast milk can, in rare circumstances, cause insufficient zinc intake resulting in severe zinc deficiency syndrome with characteristic dermatological features. Therapy consists of temporary oral zinc supplementation at a daily dose of 50 μmol/kg.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01972977
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Veränderungen der Fibrinogenkonzentration im Plasma gesunder Frühgeborener am 1. Lebenstag (1969)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 105 (1969), S. 73-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Fibrinogen ; Frühgeborene ; 1. Lebenstag
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es werden Ergebnisse von Plasmafibrinogenbestimmungen bei gesunden Frühgeborenen mitgeteilt. Die Untersuchungen erfolgten mittels der radialen Immundiffusion. Es wird gezeigt, daß die zunächst niedrigen Fibrinogenwerte rasch ansteigen und bereits im Alter von 12 Std Erwachsenenwerte erreicht werden.
    Notes: Summary The results of plasma fibrinogen assays in normal premature infants are reported. The method used in the investigation was radial immunodiffusion. It is shown that the values are low at first; but rise rapidly to reach normal adult levels within 12 hours of life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00438409
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fetale Dauertachykardie in Schwangerschaft und Geburt (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 224 (1977), S. 143-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00679492
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum α1-microglobulin and β2-microglobulin for the estimation of fetal glomerular renal function (1991)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 5 (1991), S. 573-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: α1-Microglobulin ; β2-Microglobulin ; Creatinine ; Neonate ; Fetal kidney function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract As proteins cannot cross the placenta levels of the microproteins α1-microglobulin (α1MG) and β2-microglobulin (β2MG) can be used to assess fetal glomerular renal function. α1MG, β2MG and creatinine were routinely determined in cord and maternal blood of 133 newborns [gestational age (GA) 25–42 weeks]. Twenty-nine patients with suspected impaired maternal or fetal renal function were studied separately and two fetuses were studied in utero. The mean fetal β2MG concentration fell from 3.87±0.56 mg/l in the 25–31 weeks GA group to 2.60±0.50 mg/l in the mature newborn group. α1MG concentration fell from 3.10±0.51 to 2.25±0.49 mg/dl. In contrast, the mean maternal β1MG concentration rose from 1.73±0.69 mg/l in the 25–31 weeks GA group to a mean of 1.83±0.48 mg/l in the mature newborn group; α1MG rose from 3.96±0.58 to 4.33±1.6 mg/dl. Maternal and fetal creatinine levels were identical. Fetal microprotein levels fall during intra-uterine development as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) rises. There is no correlation between cord blood and maternal α1MG or β2MG concentrations. In 13 children with urological anomalies only 1 had elevated microprotein levels and he later developed renal insufficiency. Determination of microprotein levels in fetal serum can be used to detect severe renal function disturbances and to estimate GFR independently of maternal renal function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00856641
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