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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulatory role of eicosanoids in extracellular matrix overproduction induced by long-term exposure to high glucose in cultured rat mesangial cells (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 1055-1062 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Extracellular matrix ; transforming growth factor-β ; prostaglandins ; thromboxane ; mesangial cell ; diabetes mellitus.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Accumulation of extracellular matrix in the mesangium and altered renal eicosanoid synthesis are two prominent features of diabetic glomerular disease. We investigated the relationship between eicosanoid and extracellular matrix production in rat mesangial cells cultured under high glucose vs normal glucose conditions. Long-term exposure of rat mesangial cells to high glucose, but not to iso-osmolar mannitol, significantly increased extracellular matrix accumulation and gene expression and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) mRNA levels, and decreased prostaglandin (PG) E2 synthesis without affecting production of either thromboxane (TX) B2 or PGF2 a, with respect to cells incubated in normal glucose. Addition of exogenous PGE2 resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of matrix protein and mRNA levels and TGF-β gene expression in cells cultured in either normal or high glucose conditions, whereas exposure to exogenous PGF2α produced a significant increment in matrix production and matrix and TGF-β gene expression in cells grown in normal glucose, but only a slight increase in those cultured in high glucose. Stimulation of endogenous endoperoxide metabolism towards PGE2 and PGF2α synthesis with FCE-22,178, a drug originally developed as TXA2 synthase inhibitor, resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in matrix accumulation and matrix and TGF-β gene expression which was suppressed by co-incubation with the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor fenoprofen blocking the FCE-22,178-enhanced PG production. In both cell lines, the rate of synthesis of TXA2 was very low and the selective blockade of its synthesis (by two other TXA2 synthase inhibitors, OKY-046 and Ridogrel) or action (by the TXA2 receptor antagonist BM-13,177) did not alter matrix production or TGF-β mRNA levels. These results suggest that the cyclo-oxygenase pathway is involved in the regulation of matrix changes induced by high glucose in rat mesangial cells; the reduced production of PGE2 may enhance the synthesis or potentiate the effect of stimulators of ECM formation such as TGF-β, whereas TXA2 does not appear to be involved. These data also indicate that glucose-enhanced mesangial matrix accumulation may be prevented by exogenous PGE2 or by drugs capable of increasing endogenous PGE2 synthesis. [Diabetologia (1996) 39: 1055–1062]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400654
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High glucose level inhibits capacitative Ca2 + influx in cultured rat mesangial cells by a protein kinase C-dependent mechanism (1997)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 40 (1997), S. 521-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Mesangium ; diabetes mellitus ; protein kinase C ; capacitative Ca2 + influx ; store-operated Ca2 + channels.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In cultured mesangial cells (MC), capacitative Ca2 + influx via store-operated channels (SOC) is potentiated by agents that release Ca2 + from intracellular stores, and inhibited by protein kinase C (PKC). Cells grown under high glucose conditions, as a model of the diabetic microenvironment, display reduced Ca2 + signalling in response to vasoconstrictors, probably due to downregulation by elevated PKC activity. Since SOC might be relevant to this phenomenon, we assessed Ca2 + influx by microfluorometry of fura-2-loaded rat MC cultured for 5 days in normal (5.5 mmol/l, NG) or high glucose (30 mmol/l, HG). The addition of 1–10 mmol/l Ca2 + to NG cells equilibrated in Ca2 + -free media induced an immediate Ca2 + influx with a free cytosolic Ca2 + ([Ca2 + ]i) plateau of 155 ± 50 and 318 ± 114 nmol/l, respectively. Basal influx was reduced to 88 ± 8 and 145 ± 17 nmol/l [Ca2 + ]i (1–10 mmol/l Ca2 + , p 〈 0.01) by 30 mmol/l d-glucose. This effect of HG was confirmed by Mn2 + quenching of fura-2, indicating reduced entry of divalent cations via the capacitative pathway. Equimolar l-glucose had no effect on Ca2 + influx, consistent with a non-osmotic mechanism. Arginine vasopressin (10 μmol/l) elicited weaker release of stored Ca2 + and subsequent influx in HG cells (191 ± 33 vs 153 ± 24 nmol/l, 400 ± 76 vs 260 ± 33 nmol/l, 1–10 mmol/l Ca2 + , NG/HG, p 〈 0.05). To examine the involvement of PKC in the effect of HG on capacitative Ca2 + influx, the enzyme was activated or downregulated by treatment with 0.1 μmol/l phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) for 3 min or 24 h, respectively. PMA acutely inhibited Ca2 + influx in NG cells, while PKC downregulation restored it in HG cells. Similarly, the PKC inhibitors staurosporin or H-7 normalized SOC activity in HG cells. In summary, impairment of Ca2 + influx via SOC by HG is one mechanism of the reduced MC [Ca2 + ]i responsiveness to vasoconstrictors. This event is mediated by PKC and may contribute to the glomerular haemodynamic changes in the initial stages of diabetes mellitus. [Diabetologia (1997) 40: 521–527]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050710
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of very mild versus overt diabetes on vascular haemodynamics and barrier function in rats (1989)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 32 (1989), S. 845-857 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Nicotinamide ; streptozotocin ; albumin permeation ; glomerular filtration rate ; blood flow ; urinary protein excretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rats injected i. p. with a single dose of nicotinamide (250 mg/kg) 15 min prior to i.v. injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) develop a very mild form of diabetes characterized by slight elevations of plasma glucose, increased levels of HbA1, and reduced insulin secretion in response to an i.v. glucose tolerance test. These rats gain weight normally and they are not hyperphagic, glycosuric, or polyuric. The effects of this very mild form of diabetes vs overt streptozotocin diabetes of three months duration on regional vascular 131I-albumin clearance, blood flow (assessed by 15 μm 85Sr-microspheres), and renal filtration function were examined in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Plasma glucose levels of rats with mild diabetes were 7.4±0.9 (mean±SD) (mmol/l) vs 6.5±0.6 for control rats and 31.3±6.0 for overtly diabetic rats. HbA1 levels were increased 1.4 fold in mildly diabetic and 2.3 fold in overtly diabetic rats. Vascular clearance of 131I-albumin was markedly increased in ocular tissues (anterior uvea, retina, and choroid), sciatic nerve, aorta, new (subcutaneous) granulation tissue, and kidney of both diabetic groups, although increases in overtly diabetic rats exceeded those in the mildly diabetic group (2.2–4.6 times control animals vs 1.6–3.3 times, respectively). Likewise, both overt and very mild diabetes markedly increased glomerular filtration rate (∼1.8 times and 1.2 times control animals, respectively), urinary excretion of endogenous albumin (∼9 times and 4 times) and IgG (∼15 times and 4 times), as well as regional blood flow in the anterior uvea, choroid, and sciatic nerve. Increases in tissue sorbitol levels were much larger in overtly diabetic rats (generally 10–20 times control animals) than in mildly diabetic rats (1.5–3 times controls). myo-Inositol levels were significantly decreased only in lens and sciatic nerve of overtly diabetic rats. These observations indicate that even very mild diabetes is associated with vascular functional changes which develop more slowly than in overtly diabetic rats, but are disproportionately large (in view of the minimal increases in glycaemia and tissue polyol levels) compared to those in overtly diabetic rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297449
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased activity of the insulin-like growth factor system in mesangial cells cultured in high glucose conditions. Relation to glucose-enhanced extracellular matrix production (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 775-784 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Insulin-like growth factor-I ; II ; binding proteins ; receptors ; transforming growth factor-b ; extracellular matrix ; mesangial cell ; diabetes mellitus.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recent evidence suggests that several growth factors participate in diabetic glomerular disease by mediating increased extracellular matrix accumulation and altered cell growth and turnover leading to mesangial expansion. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β has been demonstrated to be upregulated both in vivo and in vitro, whereas studies on the activity of the renal insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in experimental diabetes have provided conflicting results. We investigated the effects of prolonged exposure (4 weeks) of cultured human and rat mesangial cells to high (30 mmol/l) glucose vs iso-osmolar mannitol or normal (5.5 mmol/l) glucose levels on: 1) the autocrine/paracrine activity of the IGF system (as assessed by measuring IGF-I and II, IGF-I and II receptors, and IGF binding proteins); and, in parallel, on 2) TGF-β1 gene expression; 3) matrix production; and 4) cell proliferation. High glucose levels progressively increased the medium content of IGF-I and the mRNA levels for IGF-I and IGF-II, increased IGF-I and IGF-II binding and IGF-I receptor gene expression, and reduced IGF binding protein production. TGF-β1 transcripts and matrix accumulation and gene expression were increased in parallel, whereas cell proliferation was reduced. Iso-osmolar mannitol did not affect any of the above parameters. These experiments demonstrated that high glucose levels induce enhanced mesangial IGF activity, together with enhanced TGF-β1 gene expression, increased matrix production, and reduced cell proliferation. It is possible that IGFs participate in mediating diabetes-induced changes in matrix turnover leading to mesangial expansion, by acting in a paracrine/autocrine fashion within the glomerulus. [Diabetologia (1996) 39: 775–784]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050510
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulatory role of eicosanoids in extracellular matrix overproduction induced by long-term exposure to high glucose in cultured rat mesangial cells (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 1055-1062 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Extracellular matrix ; transforming growth factor-Β ; prostaglandins ; thromboxane ; mesangial cell ; diabetes mellitus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Accumulation of extracellular matrix in the mesangium and altered renal eicosanoid synthesis are two prominent features of diabetic glomerular disease. We investigated the relationship between eicosanoid and extracellular matrix production in rat mesangial cells cultured under high glucose vs normal glucose conditions. Long-term exposure of rat mesangial cells to high glucose, but not to iso-osmolar mannitol, significantly increased extracellular matrix accumulation and gene expression and transforming growth factor-Β (TGF-Β) mRNA levels, and decreased prostaglandin (PG) E2 synthesis without affecting production of either thromboxane (TX) B2 or PGF2α, with respect to cells incubated in normal glucose. Addition of exogenous PGE2 resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of matrix protein and mRNA levels and TGF-Β gene expression in cells cultured in either normal or high glucose conditions, whereas exposure to exogenous PGF2α produced a significant increment in matrix production and matrix and TGF-Β gene expression in cells grown in normal glucose, but only a slight increase in those cultured in high glucose. Stimulation of endogenous endoperoxide metabolism towards PGE2 and PGF2α synthesis with FCE-22,178, a drug originally developed as TXA2 synthase inhibitor, resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in matrix accumulation and matrix and TGF-Β gene expression which was suppressed by co-incubation with the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor feno-profen blocking the FCE-22,178-enhanced PG production. In both cell lines, the rate of synthesis of TXA2 was very low and the selective blockade of its synthesis (by two other TXA2 synthase inhibitors, OKY-046 and Ridogrel) or action (by the TXA2 receptor antagonist BM-13,177) did not alter matrix production or TGF-Β mRNA levels. These results suggest that the cyclo-oxygenase pathway is involved in the regulation of matrix changes induced by high glucose in rat mesangial cells; the reduced production of PGE2 may enhance the synthesis or potentiate the effect of stimulators of ECM formation such as TGF-Β, whereas TXA2 does not appear to be involved. These data also indicate that glucose-enhanced mesangial matrix accumulation may be prevented by exogenous PGE2 or by drugs capable of increasing endogenous PGE2 synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400654
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peripheral, but not Central, Nervous System Abnormalities are Reversed by Pancreatic Islet Transplantation in Diabetic Lewis Rats (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 8 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Neuroelectrophysiological recordings represent a non-invasive and reproducible method of detecting central and peripheral nervous system alterations in diabetes mellitus. In order to evaluate whether the normalization of metabolic control obtained by pancreatic islet transplantation could reverse diabetic neuroelectrophysiological alterations, or prevent further deterioration, we used an experimental model in which pancreatic islets (n= 1200) were injected into the portal vein of inbred Lewis rats (used as islet donors as well as recipients). Islets were injected 4 months after diabetes induction, since previous work had shown functional but not morphological damage at the nervous tissue level at this stage of the disease. Visual (V), brainstem auditory (BA) and somatosensory (S) evoked potentials (EPs) were measured in streptozotocin-induced, islet-recipient diabetic rats (n= 7), streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (n= 16) and non-diabetic control rats (n= 12). Metabolic parameters and electrophysiological recordings were evaluated before diabetes induction, before transplantation and 4 months later. After transplantation, glycaemic levels returned to normal values within 1 week and remained so until the end of the study, as confirmed by a normal oral glucose tolerance test and by an increase in body weight. Electrophysiological recordings were altered in diabetic animals before transplantation. Four months after transplantation EP recordings improved, with a detectable gradient from the peripheral to the central structures. SEPs were significantly improved in the peripheral tarsus-16 tract and the L6-cortex tract (P 〈 0.005 and P 〈 0.01 versus diabetic rats) and were ameliorated without achieving statistical significance in the central T6-cortex tract. BAEP latency values tended to improve in transplanted rats, but the differences versus non-transplanted diabetic animals failed to reach significance. VEP values remained clearly pathological and even deteriorated after transplantation. These results show that normalization of metabolic control by pancreatic islet transplantation can reverse some of the already established neuroelectrophysiological alterations at the peripheral nervous system level, but does not affect other alterations at the central nervous system level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1996.tb01279.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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