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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Salmeterol protects against hyperventilation-induced bronchoconstriction over 12 hours (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 43 (1992), S. 591-595 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Salmeterol, Asthma ; bronchodilation, hyperventilation-induced bronchoconstriction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary To study the dose-response relationship of salmeterol for protection against a naturally occurring stimulus, isocapnic hyperventilation tests of cold air were done in 16 asthmatic patients. The subjects inhaled either 50 μg salmeterol, salbutamol 200 μg, or placebo in a double-blind, randomised, cross-over study. The FEVI was measured prior to medication and the provocative ventilation (PV20) required to induce a 20 % fall in FEV1 was calculated by linear interpolation from ventilation-response curves obtained 0.5, 4, 8, and 12 h after medication. Following salbutamol, the mean FEV1 were 4.11, 3.89, 3.58, and 3.551, with a significant difference from placebo up to 4 h. Following salmeterol, mean FEV1 values were 3.95, 4.10, 3.93, and 3.881, with a significant difference from placebo up to 12 h. The mean PV20FEV1 after salbutamol was 78.8, 58.5, 52.7, and 48.41·min−1, the 0.5 h value being significantly different from placebo. After salmeterol, the mean PV20FEV1 values were 84.6, 82.5, 67.8, and 65.81·min−1, with a significant difference from placebo up to 12 h. We conclude that, besides its long-lasting bronchodilating effect, salmeterol protects against hyperventilation-induced bronchoconstriction for at least 12 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02284956
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reproducibility of airway response to inhaled bradykinin and effect of the neurokinin receptor antagonist FK-24 in asthmatic subjects (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 50 (1996), S. 269-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Airway hyperresponsiveness ; Bradykinin; bronchial challenge ; neurokinins ; ethanol ; bronchoconstriction ; lung function ; FK-224.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: Inhaled neurokinins have been shown to induce bronchoconstriction in asthmatic subjects. We have investigated the effect of a neurokinin receptor antagonist, FK-224, on bradykinin (BK)-induced bronchoconstriction, and have compared its effect with the spontaneous variability of BK responsiveness. Methods: Thirteen subjects with mild extrinsic bronchial asthma participated in the study. Four BK inhalation challenge tests (Study Days 2 to 5) were performed over a period of several weeks. On Study Days 4 and 5 subjects inhaled either 2 mg FK-224 or placebo 30 min before the BK challenge. Results: The geometric mean PC20FEV1 of BK was 0.04, 0.06, and 0.10 mg⋅ml−1 on the first and second BK challenge and after placebo. Mean PC20FEV1 after FK-224 was 0.20 mg⋅ml−1 and was not different from placebo, whereas there was a significant effect in PC15FEV1. The mean shift in PC20FEV1 after FK-224 vs placebo was 1.0 doubling concentrations. The mean changes in BK responsiveness on the second BK challenge and placebo days compared to the first BK challenge were 0.6 and 1.3 doubling concentrations. We observed a significant fall in FEV1 after inhalation of saline plus ethanol, which was the diluent for BK (mean decrease 4.2%). Conclusion: The data demonstrate that inhalation of 2 mg FK-224 is only marginally effective against BK-induced bronchoconstriction in mild asthmatic subjects and that its effect is similar to the variability in BK responsiveness assessed over several weeks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050106
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of oxygen-deficient Ba"2YCu"3O"7"-"δ and superconductivity Bi(Pb)SrCaCuO
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica C: Superconductivity and its applications 153-155 (1988), S. 560-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 0921-4534
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0921-4534(88)90718-6
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolated airways from current smokers are hyper-responsive to histamine (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 31 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Epidemiological studies suggest that bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) and elevated levels of serum IgE are more frequently found in current smokers than in ex-smokers.Since elevated serum IgE is associated with BHR under both in vivo and in vitro conditions, we aimed to assess whether smoking affects BHR independently from IgE.Lung resection material was obtained from 27 current smokers and 11 non-smokers with low serum IgE (〈 100 U/mL). Peripheral airways were cut into rings and incubated overnight in the presence (passively sensitized) or absence (non-sensitized) of serum containing IgE levels above 250 U/mL. Isometric contractile responses to histamine were assessed in the organ bath.Compared with non-smokers, isolated airways from smokers showed significantly increased responses to histamine (P 〈 0.05, anova). Passive sensitization enhanced responses in both groups by about the same amount (P 〈 0.05, both).In patients with low serum IgE current smoking is associated with increased bronchial responsiveness to histamine in vitro, which can be further enhanced by passive sensitization. These findings suggest that both smoking and serum IgE contribute to non-specific airway hyper-responsiveness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2001.01114.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low dose fenoterol aerosol protects against histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in mild asthmatics: a dose response study (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 22 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sixteen subjects with mild stable asthma participated in a randomized double blind study on the effects of low dose fenoterol against histamine induced bronchoconstriction. Fenoterol aerosol at concentrations of 10, 50 and 200 μg and placebo were delivered at random through a metered dose inhaler as a single dose 30 min before histamine challenges on four separate occasions. Compared to placebo a fenoterol dose of 10 μg provided significant bronchodilatation (sRaw [s.d.] 8.3 [2.73] vs 6.3 [1.74] cm H20 * s [P〈0.05]) and protection (PC100 sRaw [s.e.m.] 0.72 (1.31) vs 1.45 (1.39) mg/ml). The bronchodilatory and protective actions of fenoterol were more pronounced after the inhalation of 200 μg (P 〈 0.05) with no difference between 10 and 50 μg fenoterol aerosol. The magnitude of bronchodilatation and protection was not correlated (r= 0.15). The results from this acute study may suggest that fenoterol at doses up to 20 times lower than routinely recommended may be an effective treatment in mild asthmatics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1992.tb00192.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bronchial matrix and inflammation respond to inhaled steroids despite ongoing allergen exposure in asthma (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 35 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Inflammatory and structural changes of the airway mucosa are chronic features of asthma. The mechanisms underlying these changes and their modulation by steroid prophylaxis have not been clarified.Objective We postulated that asymptomatic ongoing allergen exposure could drive airway inflammation as well as changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM), and that inhaled steroids could prevent this.Methods Therefore, we exposed patients with mild asthma to 2 weeks of repeated low-dose allergen, with concomitant inhaled steroid or placebo treatment. Bronchial biopsies, which were taken before and after this exposure, were stained and digitally analysed. The ECM proteins in asthmatics were also compared with a normal control group.Results Low-dose allergen exposure alone resulted in a significant increase of bronchial epithelial macrophages. Despite ongoing allergen exposure, inhaled steroids reduced the numbers of mucosal eosinophils, neutrophils and T lymphocytes. At baseline, the mean density of the proteoglycans (PGS) biglycan and decorin were, respectively, higher and lower in the bronchial mucosa of asthmatics as compared with normal controls. Steroid treatment, during allergen exposure, increased the mean density of the PGS biglycan and versican.Conclusion We conclude that chronic allergen exposure induces inflammatory changes in the bronchial mucosa. Despite ongoing allergen exposure, steroid treatment decreases mucosal inflammatory cells while altering PG density. The latter observation highlights the need to examine steroid-induced changes closely in the airway structure in patients with asthma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02334.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective phosphodiesterase inhibitors for the treatment of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1999)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 29 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Theophylline is commonly used in the treatment of obstructive airway diseases. The identification and functional characterization of different phosphodiesterase (PDE) isoenzymes has led to the development of various isoenzyme-selective inhibitors as potential anti-asthma drugs. Considering the distribution of isoenzymes in target tissues, with high activity of PDE3 and PDE4 in airway smooth muscle and inflammatory cells, selective inhibitors of these isoenzymes may add to the therapy of chronic airflow obstruction. However, initial data from clinical trials with selective PDE3 and PDE4 inhibitors have been somewhat disappointing and have tempered the expectations considerably since these drugs had limited efficacy and their use was clinically limited through side effects. The improved understanding of the molecular biology of PDEs enabled the synthesis of novel drugs with an improved risk/benefit ratio. These ‘second generation’ selective drugs have produced more promising clinical results not only for the treatment of bronchial asthma but also for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.1999.00018.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proliferation and inflammation in bronchial epithelium after allergen in atopic asthmatics (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 33 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background The mechanisms that regulate epithelial integrity and repair in asthma are poorly understood. We hypothesized that allergen exposure could alter epithelial inflammation, damage and proliferation in atopic asthma.Objective We studied epithelial cell infiltration, shedding, expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67 and the epithelial cell–cell adhesion molecules Ep-CAM and E-cadherin in bronchial biopsies of 10 atopic mild asthmatics 48 h after experimental diluent (D) and allergen (A) challenge in a cross-over design.Methods Epithelial shedding, expressed as percentage of not intact epithelium, Ki-67+, eosinophil/EG-2+, CD4+ and CD8+ cells were quantified by image analysis in bronchial epithelium, and adhesion molecules were analysed semi-quantitatively.Results Epithelial shedding was not altered by A (D: 88.1±3.1% vs. A: 89.2±3.7%; P=0.63). The numbers of Ki-67+ epithelial (D: 10.2±0.2 vs. A: 19.9±0.3 cells/mm; P=0.03), EG-2+ (D: 4.3±0.5 vs. A: 27±0.3 cells/mm; P=0.04) and CD4+ cells (D: 1.7±1.2 vs. A: 12.3±0.6 cells/mm; P=0.04) were significantly increased after A, whilst CD8+ numbers were not significantly changed (P〉0.05). E-cadherin and Ep-CAM epithelial staining showed a similar intensity after D and A (P〉0.05). We found a positive correlation between EG-2+ and Ki-67+ cells in the epithelium (Rs: 0.63; P=0.02).Conclusion Our study indicates that allergen challenge increases epithelial proliferation in conjunction with inflammation at 2 days after exposure. This favours the hypothesis that long-lasting epithelial restitution is involved in the pathogenesis of asthma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01686.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impurity states and magnetic order in layered copper oxides (invited) : 35th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 4508-4512 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The influence of impurity potentials on vacancies in the t-J model is studied through the exact diagonalization of systems with 8 and 16 sites. For a wide range of model parameters, the ground state transforms according to the two-dimensional vector representation of C4v and has S =1/2. The inclusion of symmetry breaking effects present for an isolated impurity in an infinite system yields an anisotropic ground state which may couple to local lattice distortions. Implications for magnetic order, spectroscopy, and the metal-insulator transition in the CuO2 planes of the cuprate superconductors are discussed. The relationship to the behavior of free vacancies and the role of finite size effects are considered. A mean-field Hubbard model analysis is proposed as a supplementary approach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348342
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microscopic model of ferroelectricity in stress-free PbTiO3 ultrathin films (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 2767-2769 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The ground-state polarization of PbTiO3 thin films is studied using a microscopic effective Hamiltonian with parameters obtained from first-principles calculations. Under short-circuit electrical boundary conditions, (001) films with thickness as low as three unit cells are found to have a perpendicularly polarized ferroelectric ground state with significant enhancement of the polarization at the surface. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126469
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