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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Autoimmune demyelination ; Multiple sclerosis ; Remyelination ; Suppression ; Myelin basic protein ; Chronic relapsing EAE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Central nervous system (CNS) lesion morphology has been studied in inbred Strain 13 guinea pigs sensitized for chronic relapsing EAE in which the disease was either left to develop (unsuppressed) or was suppressed with injections containing myelin basic protein (MBP). Pathologic changes correlated well with clinical activity. In unsuppressed chronic EAE animals, active clinical disease was invariably matched by acute inflammation in the CNS. In more chronic states, the CNS displayed fibrosis and remyelination while response showed the CNS to contain recent changes superimposed upon old lesions. In animals in which the disease was suppressed by injections of MBP, clinical signs did not develop. However, some early subclinical changes were seen morphologically. These lesions were able to remyelinate early on and there was no progression in lesion formation. Apparently, therefore, MBP had a beneficial effect upon the course of the disease and had promoted structural repair. It thus appears that MBP therapy might be one effective approach for the prevention of chronic relapsing EAE. The findings should prove relevant to future MBP trials in multiple sclerosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 53 (1981), S. 81-85 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Epidermoid cyst ; Epidermal differentiation ; Spinal cord ; Mouse ; Ultrastructural study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural features of epidermoid cysts in the spinal leptomeninges were studied in two strains of mouse. Although the cysts were lined by stratified squamous epithelium, the normal sequence of epidermal differentiation in this epithelium was not observed in that the basal cell layer was absent in certain areas. The morphological features and genesis of this phenomenon are briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Measles virus ; Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis ; Multiple sclerosis ; Neuroadapted ; Chronic neurological disorders
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The neurotropic effects, virologic behaviors and morphologic appearances of 4 strains of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) virus have been examined in organotypic cultures of hamster cerebellar tissue and have been compared with the Edmonston strain of measles virus in the same system. While measles virus caused extensive damage to nervous tissue, the SSPE strains, in general, exerted a less deleterious effect. All of the SSPE viruses replicated in this tissue. The SSPE strains showed morphologic variation ranging from normal measles-type virions to apparently nucleocapsid deficient forms. It is speculated that some of these differences between measles and SSPE virus may account for the differences in the in vivo conditions with which they are associated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 46 (1979), S. 231-234 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Multiple sclerosis ; Anaplastic astrocytoma ; Measles virus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An ununsual case of concurrent MS and anaplastic astrocytoma is presented. MS was diagnosed in a female patient at the age of 22 years. A left side thalamotomy was performed for relief of severe intention tremor at age 28 and at age 32 she received immunosuppressive therapy for 1 year. At the age of 36 after a severe exacerbation of her symptoms a left side fronto-temporal tumor was diagnosed and a subtotal neurosurgical extirpation was performed. Histopathologically, the tumor was an anaplastic astrocytoma, which was further substantiated by electron microscopy and establishment of a permanent cell line in vitro. The cultured tumor cells were negative for measles virus by immunofluorescence. The relationship between the reactive astrocytes in MS plaques and astrocytic neoplasia is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 76 (1988), S. 17-25 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Taxol ; Neuropathy ; Nerve crush ; Microtubules ; Schwann cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of taxol, an antimitotic drug which stabilizes microtubules and promotes their assembly, was studied with regard to Schwann cells over a 4-week period following a crush injury to rat sciatic nerve. A single intraneural injection of taxol in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was given immediately after the crush into the site of injury in one sciatic nerve and was compared with the other side which was crushed but injected with DMSO only. Sampled sites were taken proximal and distal to the lesion, as well as from the lesion itself, and studied by light and electron microscopy. The Schwann cell response was most marked during the degenerative phase immediately following the crush. At this time, there was a decrease of all cytoplasmic structures except microtubules and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. At the site of the crush lesion in taxol-treated nerves, Schwann cells possessed accumulations of myelin debris and lipid droplets. Mitotic Schwann cells were also engorged with myelin breakdown products. Multinucleated Schwann cells, believed to be the result of abnormal mitotic activity, were also apparent and were filled with large numbers of cytoplasmic microtubules. The latter were sometimes regularly arranged around phagocytosed or intracytoplasmic debris. Some recovery from the crush injury was noted with time, although the number of Schwann cells was much lower than would have been anticipated in the absence of taxol, in that long stretches of naked axon bundles were common and microtubule-related abnormalities persisted up to 4 weeks. Myelination of regenerating axonal sprouts was delayed and might have been related to axons being swollen due to the build-up of microtubules. However, some myelination was noted sporadically along a few axons in taxol-treated nerves after 4 weeks. The present results suggest that the rapid Schwann cell reaction after nerve crush was impeded by the adverse effect of taxol upon mitosis and cell migration and that Schwann cells play an active role in the degradation of myelin phagocytosis of debris during Wallerian degeneration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 76 (1988), S. 26-34 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Taxol ; Neuropathy ; Nerve crush ; Microtubules ; Axons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of taxol, a compound renowned for its ability to promote microtubule assembly, were studied upon axons after its injection into rat sciatic nerve immediately following a local nerve crush injury. The single injection of taxol was delivered into the lesion site and the animals were sampled up to 4 weeks post-injection (PI) for morphological study. At the lesion site, Wallerian degeneration was encountered and this was followed by axonal sprouting by 5 days PI. In contrast to axonal sprouting seen in uninjected controls (crush-only), sprouts in taxol-injected nerves rapidly became swollen due to an increasing number of axoplasmic microtubules. By 2 weeks PI, this led to the formation of giant axonal bulbs from which by 3 weeks PI, a secondary wave of regenerative growth occured consisting of thin, haphazardly twisted axonal twigs largely lacking Schwann cell investment. These were most numerous after 3 and 4 weeks PI. Within the affected axoplasm, microtubules occasionally formed occasional channles around mitochondria. The present results, characterized by the more rapid appearance of taxol-induced giant axonal bulbs in regenerating sprouts than seen after taxol injection of intact nerve, suggest that regenerating PNS axons are exquisitely sensitive to and dramatically affected by taxol. The conclusions support previous observations on a crucial role for microtubules during early axonal growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 4 (1964), S. 200-211 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung von Gehirnen Scrapie-kranker Mäuse zeigte, daß durch die Erweiterung der Räume des endoplasmatischen Reticulums in den Nervenzellen kleine Bläschen entstehen. Die in den Paraffinschnitten zu sehenden Vacuolen entsprechen einer starken Verdickung von Nervenfasern oder einer Schwellung und möglichen Konfluenz von Astrocytenfortsätzen. Verbreitet bestehen degenerative Markscheidenveränderungen. Dichte Gebilde (dense bodies) oder pleomorphe Einschlüsse sind häufig in Nervenzellen anzutreffen. Es wird vermutet, daß die Astrogliahypertrophie mit der Ernährung der Nervenzellen interferiert, so daß infolge der Dysfunktion der Neuroglia eine neuronale Störung entsteht.
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopic examination of mouse scrapie brain has shown small vesicles in nerve cells to be formed by dilatation of endoplasmic reticulum sacs. Vacuoles seen in paraffin sections are due to great dilatation of nerve fibres, or swelling and possible confluence of astrocyte processes. Myelin degenerative changes were widespread. Dense bodies and pleomorphic inclusions were common in nerve cells. It is suggested that astroglial hypertrophy may interfere with nerve cell nutrition so that nervous disturbance results from neuroglial dysfunction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 44 (1978), S. 245-247 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Schwann cells ; PNS myelin ; Retina ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Within the retinal nerve fiber layer of a 6-week-old Sprague-Dawley rat, scattered aggregates of PNS myelinated axons have been found and described. We believe this is likely to represent a normal but rare phenomenon in the rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 8 (1967), S. 47-56 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In den Gehirnen von Scrapie-kranken Ratten wurden wohlgeformte Amyloidkörperchen mit deutlicher konzentrischer Schichtung und kleinere amyloide Massen gefunden. Amyloid scheint sich in Astrocytenfortsätzen und Gliazellkörpern sowie in geschrumpften Nervenzellen zu bilden. Selten ist es in degenerierten Achsenzylindern vorhanden. Die Einzelfibrillen, welche die Amyloidablagerungen aufbauen, scheinen spiralige Form zu haben. Die großen im Lichtmikroskop sichtbaren Ablagerungen sind gewöhnlich auffallend symmetrisch im Gehirn lokalisiert.
    Notes: Summary Both well formed amyloid bodies showing clear concentric lamination and smaller masses of amyloid material have been found in the brains of rats suffering from scrapie. Amyloid appears to form within astrocyte processes and glial cell bodies, as well as shrunken nerve cells. Rarely, it was present in degenerate axis cylinders. The individual fibrils which make up amyloid deposits appeared to have a spiral constitution, and deposits large enough to be seen in the light microscope were commonly strikingly symmetrically located.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 549 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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