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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 23 (1984), S. 213-215 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Second-order fluid ; stretching sheet ; similarity solution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a study of the flow of an incompressible second-order fluid past a stretching sheet. The problem has a bearing on some polymer processing application such as the continuous extrusion of a polymer sheet from a die.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta mechanica 91 (1992), S. 57-75 
    ISSN: 1619-6937
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary An electro-rheological fluid is a material in which a particulate solid is suspended in an electrically non-conducting fluid such as oil. On the application of an electric field, the viscosity and other material properties undergo dramatic and significant changes. In this paper, the particulate imbedded fluid is considered as a homogeneous continuum. It is assumed that the Cauchy stress depends on the velocity gradient and the electric field vector. A representation for the constitutive equation is developed using standard methods of continuum mechanics. The stress components are calculated for a shear flow in which the electric field vector, is normal to the velocity vector. The model predicts (i) a viscosity which depends on the shear rate and electric field and (ii) normal stresses due to the interaction between the shear flow and the electric field. These expressions are used to study several fundamental shear flows: the flow between parallel plates, Couette flow, and flow in an eccentric rotating disc device. Detailed solutions are presented when the shear response is that of a Bingham fluid whose yield stress and viscosity depends on the electric field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta mechanica 88 (1991), S. 113-123 
    ISSN: 1619-6937
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A pseudo-similarity solution has been obtained for the flow of an incompressible fluid of second grade past a wedge. The numerical method developed for this purpose enables computation of the flow characteristics for any value of the parametersK anda, whereK is the dimensionless normal stress modulus of the fluid, anda is related to the wedge angle. Results computed forKx wa varying from 0 to 200 show a marked decrease or increase in wall shear, depending upon the wedge angle, asx −2a /K increases from 0 to about 1; thereafter the change in wall shear stress is small. The present results match exactly with those from an earlier perturbation analysis forKx 2a ≦0.01 but differ significantly asKx 2a increases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0924
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract When materials such as Armco iron, titanium etc., are subject to impact it can be observed that two basic inelastic processes take place – slip and deformation twinning. Of these processes, inelasticity associated with the slip mechanism has received considerable attention. For example, Zerilli and Armstrong (1988) modeled the Taylor impact test for a variety of materials using traditional plasticity theories. They found that there was a significant discrepancy between the theoretical and experimental results for some materials. They attributed this to the fact that they had neglected deformation twinning in their models. Subsequent metallurgical studies have indicated that twinning had indeed taken place in these materials. In this study, we focus on the inelastic processes solely due to deformation twinning (i.e., neglecting slip). We model these processes using the approach of Rajagopal and Srinivasa (1995, 1997) and Srinivasa et al., (1997), the results of which are briefly summarized in section 2.1. In order to better understand the twinning process, we study the Taylor impact test for a 2-D slab under the assumption that only deformation twinning takes place and solve the governing dynamical equations by using the finite element method. The results show that the twinned zone is concentrated near the point of impact and indeed it contributes significantly to the overall permanent shape change due to the impact.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Continuum mechanics and thermodynamics 7 (1995), S. 1-22 
    ISSN: 1432-0959
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Constitutive equations for electrorheological (ER) fluids have been based on experimental results for steady shearing flows and constant electric fields. The fluids have been modeled as being rigid until a yield stress is reached. Additional stress is then proportional to the shear rate. Recent experimental results indicate that ER materials have a regime of solid-like response when deformed from a rest state. They behave in a viscoelastic-like manner under sinusoidal shearing and exhibit time-dependent response under sudden changes in shear rate or electric field. In this work, a constitutive theory for ER materials is presented which accounts for these recent experimental observations. The stress is given by a functional of the deformation gradient history and the electric field vector. Using the methods of continuum mechanics, a general three-dimensional constitutive equation is obtained. A sample constitutive equation is introduced which is then used to determine the response of an ER material for different shear histories. The calculated shear response is shown to be qualitatively similar to that observed experimentally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Continuum mechanics and thermodynamics 6 (1994), S. 81-139 
    ISSN: 1432-0959
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This article reviews the behavior of materials made up of a large assemblage of solid particles under rapid and quasi static deformations. The focus is on flows at relatively high concentrations and for conditions when the interstitial fluid plays an insignificant role. The momentum and energy exchange processes are then primarily governed by interparticle collisions and Coulomb-type frictional contact. We first discuss some physical behavior —dilatancy, internal friction, fluidization and particle segregation — that are typical to the understanding of granular flows. Bagnold's seminal Couette flow experiments and his simple stress analysis are then used to motivate the first constitutive theories that use a microstructural variable — the fluctuation energy or granular temperature — governing the subscale fluctuating motion. The kinetic theories formalize the derivation of the field equations of bulk mass, momentum and energy, and permit derivation of constitutive relations for stress, flux of fluctuation energy and its dissipation rate for simple particle assemblages and when frictional rubbing contact can be ignored. These statistical considerations also show that formulation of boundary conditions needs special attention. The frictional-collisional constitutive behavior in which both Coulomb-type rubbing contact and collisional encounters are significant are discussed. There is as yet no rigorous formulation. We finally present a phenomenological approach that describes rapid flows of granular materials under simultaneous transport of heat and close with a summary of stability analyses of the basic flow down an inclined plane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Continuum mechanics and thermodynamics 7 (1995), S. 1-22 
    ISSN: 1432-0959
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Constitutive equations for electrorheological (ER) fluids have been based on experimental results for steady shearing flows and constant electric fields. The fluids have been modeled as being rigid until a yield stress is reached. Additional stress is then proportional to the shear rate. Recent experimental results indicate that ER materials have a regime of solid-like response when deformed from a rest state. They behave in a viscoelastic-like manner under sinusoidal shearing and exhibit time-dependent response under sudden changes in shear rate or electric field. In this work, a constitutive theory for ER materials is presented which accounts for these recent experimental observations. The stress is given by a functional of the deformation gradient history and the electric field vector. Using the methods of continuum mechanics, a general three-dimensional constitutive equation is obtained. A sample constitutive equation is introduced which is then used to determine the response of an ER material for different shear histories. The calculated shear response is shown to be qualitatively similar to that observed experimentally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and computational fluid dynamics 8 (1996), S. 275-288 
    ISSN: 1432-2250
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, based on a similarity that exists between the constitutive relations for turbulent mean flow of a Newtonian fluid and that for the laminar flow of a non-Newtonian fluid, and making use of extended thermodynamics, we develop a generalized nonlinearK-ɛ model, whose approximate form includes the standardK-ɛ model and the nonlinearK-ɛ model of Speziale (1987) as special cases. Our nonlinearK-ɛ model, which is frame indifferent, can predict relaxation of the Reynolds stress, unlike most standardK-ɛ models. Also, our model is in keeping with that of Yakhotet al. (1992). Most interestingly, the linearized form of our model bears a striking resemblance to the model due to Yoshizawa and Nisizima (1993); however, it has been obtained from a totally different perspective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and computational fluid dynamics 3 (1992), S. 185-206 
    ISSN: 1432-2250
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Few boundary-value problems in fluid mechanics can match the attention that has been accorded to the flow of fluids, Newtonian and non-Newtonian, between parallel rotating disks rotating about a common axis or about distinct axes. An interesting feature which has been recently observed is the existence of solutions that are not axially symmetric even in the case of flow due to the rotation of disks about a common axis. In this article we review the recent efforts that have been expended in the study of both symmetric and asymmetric solutions in the case of both the classical linearly viscous fluid and viscoelastic fluids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archive for rational mechanics and analysis 108 (1989), S. 1-9 
    ISSN: 1432-0673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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