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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 606-610 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Fast protons (approximately-greater-than)1 MeV have been observed on the 60-beam, 30 kJ OMEGA laser [T. R. Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)] at an intensity I(similar, equals)1015 W/cm2 and a wavelength λ=0.35 μm. These energies are more than 5 times greater than those observed on previous, single-beam experiments at the same Iλ2. The total energy in the proton spectrum above 0.2 MeV is ∼0.1% of the laser energy. Some of the proton spectra display intense, regular lines which may be related to ion acoustic perturbations in the expanding plasma. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 4084-4094 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The conventional ordinary O-mode and the extraordinary X-mode in the electron cyclotron range of frequencies are not suitable for core heating in high-β spherical tokamak plasmas, like the National Spherical Torus Experiment [M. Ono, S. Kaye, M. Peng et al., in Proceedings of the 17th International Atomic Energy Agency Fusion Energy Conference (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1999), Vol. 3, p. 1135], as they are weakly damped at high harmonics of the electron cyclotron frequency. However, electron Bernstein waves (EBW) can be effective for heating and driving currents in spherical tokamak plasmas. Power can be coupled to EBWs via mode conversion of either the X-mode or the O-mode. The two mode conversions are optimized in different regions of the parameter space spanned by the parallel wavelength and wave frequency. The conditions for optimized mode conversion to EBWs are evaluated analytically and numerically using a cold plasma model and an approximate kinetic model. From geometric optics ray tracing it is found that the EBWs damp strongly near the Doppler-broadened resonance at harmonics of the electron cyclotron frequency. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 5 (1998), S. 3224-3232 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new phenomenon of coherent acceleration of ions by a discrete spectrum of electrostatic waves propagating perpendicularly to a uniform magnetic field is described. It allows the energization of ions whose initial energies correspond to a region of phase space that is below the chaotic domain. The ion orbits below the chaotic domain are described very accurately using a perturbation analysis to second order in the wave amplitudes. This analysis shows that the coherent acceleration takes place only when the wave spectrum contains at least two waves whose frequencies are separated by an amount close to an integer multiple of the cyclotron frequency. The way the ion energization depends on the wave numbers and wave amplitudes is also presented in detail using the results of the perturbation analysis. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 5 (1998), S. 3233-3241 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The maximal energy an ion can gain from a discrete spectrum of electrostatic waves propagating perpendicularly to a uniform magnetic field is investigated. In the case when the wave spectrum contains at least two on-resonance waves, the ion is shown to reach energies which are much higher than in the case of one wave. When the ion energization is enhanced, even when the ion motion is not coherent, the ion orbit remains close to orbits found from a first order perturbation analysis. This implies that, unlike in the case of a single wave, the ion can reach high energies regardless of how small the wave amplitudes are. The dependence of the ion energization on the wave spectrum characteristics is described in great detail by deriving the extent, in action, of the first order orbits, and the way these orbits may connect. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 1976-1982 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Substantial radio-frequency power in the ion-cyclotron range of frequencies can be effectively coupled to a tokamak plasma from poloidal current strap antennas at the plasma edge. If there exists an ion–ion hybrid resonance inside the plasma, then some of the power from the antenna, delivered into the plasma by fast Alfvén waves, can be mode converted to ion-Bernstein waves. In tokamak confinement fields the mode-converted ion-Bernstein waves can damp effectively and locally on electrons [A. K. Ram and A. Bers, Phys. Fluids B 3, 1059 (1991)]. The usual mode-conversion analysis that studies the propagation of fast Alfvén waves in the immediate vicinity of the ion–ion hybrid resonance is extended to include the propagation and reflection of the fast Alfvén waves on the high magnetic-field side of the ion–ion hybrid resonance. It is shown that there exist plasma conditions for which the entire fast Alfvén wave power incident on the ion–ion hybrid resonance can be converted to ion-Bernstein waves. In this extended analysis of the mode conversion process, the fast Alfvén waves can be envisioned as being coupled to an internal plasma resonator. This resonator extends from the low magnetic-field cutoff near the ion–ion hybrid resonance to the high magnetic-field cutoff. The condition for 100% mode conversion corresponds to a critical coupling of the fast Alfvén waves to this internal resonator. As an example, the appropriate plasma conditions for 100% mode conversion are determined for the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) [R. Majeski et al., Proceedings of the 11th Topical Conference on RF Power in Plasmas, Palm Springs (American Institute of Physics, New York, 1995), Vol. 355, p. 63] experimental parameters. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 1637-1647 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Mode conversion of the fast Alfvén wave (FAW) at the ion-hybrid frequency in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) is studied in the presence of ion cyclotron absorption and direct electron damping in a tokamak plasma. The usual Budden model is extended to include the effect of electron damping and of the high-field-side cutoff, and is solved analytically and numerically. The mode-conversion efficiency is given as a function of the Budden transmission coefficient and of a phase integral, which describes interference between the incoming and outgoing waves. In incidence from the low-field side, a discrete spectrum of phases exists for which complete absorption (i.e., combined mode conversion and direct electron damping) of the FAW for a single transit of the resonance region can be achieved. This permits efficient electron heating and/or current drive via mode conversion of FAWs. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 5106-5117 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Spectral measurements have been made of charged fusion products produced in deuterium + helium-3 filled targets irradiated by the OMEGA laser system [T. R. Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)]. Comparing the energy shifts of four particle types has allowed two distinct physical processes to be probed: Electrostatic acceleration in the low-density corona and energy loss in the high-density target. When the fusion burn occurred during the laser pulse, particle energy shifts were dominated by acceleration effects. Using a simple model for the accelerating field region, the time history of the target electrostatic potential was found and shown to decay to zero soon after laser irradiation was complete. When the fusion burn occurred after the pulse, particle energy shifts were dominated by energy losses in the target, allowing fundamental charged-particle stopping-power predictions to be tested. The results provide the first experimental verification of the general form of stopping power theories over a wide velocity range. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 31 (1988), S. 1614-1622 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A second-order differential equation for the fast wave propagating in a hot, two-ion species plasma is obtained. This second-order approximation is obtained unambiguously and allows the wave amplitude to be identified with one of the electric field components. The approximation is based on replacing the coupling to the ion-Bernstein wave by a localized perturbation of the fast wave. For the case of perpendicular propagation, the second-order equation reduces to Budden's equation giving the well-known transmission coefficient for both two-ion hybrid and second-harmonic resonance. The equation includes the effect of simultaneous minority fundamental and majority second-harmonic cyclotron damping. The solutions of the second-order equation as a function of n(parallel) give absorption transmission and reflection coefficients that agree well with the results based on models giving higher-order differential equations and solved by means of much more complex numerical codes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 1059-1069 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In the heating of tokamak plasmas by waves in the ion-cyclotron range of frequencies, the fast Alfvén waves launched at the plasma edge can mode convert to the ion-Bernstein waves (IBW). The propagation and damping of these mode converted waves was studied using a ray tracing code that follows the fast phase and the amplitude of the electromagnetic field along the IBW ray trajectories in a toroidal plasma. A simple analytical model is developed that describes the numerically observed features of propagation and damping of the IBW's. It is found that along the ray trajectory of the IBW there is an upshift of the poloidal mode numbers, which can lead to the electron Landau damping of the wave. This damping is dependent on the strength of the toroidal plasma current. From the properties of the upshift of the poloidal mode numbers, it is concluded that the mode converted ion-Bernstein waves are not suitable candidates for electron current drive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 30 (1987), S. 3075-3082 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: It is well known that absolute instabilities can be located by prescribed mappings from the complex-frequency plane to the wavenumber plane through the dispersion relation D(ω,k)=0. However, in many systems of physical interest the dispersion relation is polynomial in ω while transcendental in k, and the implementation of this mapping procedure is particularly difficult. If one maps consecutive deformations of the Fourier integral path (originally along the real k axis) into the ω plane, points having (∂D/∂k)=0 are readily detected by the distinctive feature of their local maps. It is shown that a simple topological relationship between these points and the image of the real k axis determines the stability characteristics of the system, without mapping from the ω plane back into the k-plane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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