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  • 1
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Autoimmune diseases such as Graves’ disease and type 1 diabetes have been linked with +49A/G and CT60 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 3′ UTR of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) gene. Both these SNPs are functionally relevant and linked with T-lymphocyte activation. Hypoparathyroidism is seen in 70% of patients with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy syndrome (APECED). Although calcium sensing receptor autoantibodies (CaSRAb) and generalized activation of T lymphocytes are reported among patients with sporadic idiopathic hypoparathyroidism (SIH), CTLA-4 gene SNPs and APECED-related autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene mutations have not been assessed in them. We studied lead CTLA-4 gene SNPs and APECED-related AIRE gene mutations in 73 patients with SIH and 114 healthy subjects. The CTLA-4 gene SNPs +49A/G in exon 1, CT60A/G in 3′ UTR and −318C/T in the promoter region were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment-length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) using BstEII, NcoI and MseI endonucleases, respectively. The APECED-related AIRE gene mutations, which is R257X (Finn-major) in exon 6, 4-bp insertion and 13-bp deletion in exon 8, and Iranian Jews population ‘Y85C’ mutation in exon 2, were studied by PCR-RFLP (Taq-I), PCR and nucleotide sequencing, respectively. CaSRAb were studied by immunoblotting. The frequencies of CTLA-4 A/A49, A/G49 and G/G49 genotypes in the patients (47.9%, 38.4% and 13.7%) and controls (45.6%, 39.5% and 14.9%, respectively) and the frequencies of CT60 A/A, A/G, and G/G genotypes in the patient (42.4%, 37.0% and 20.6%) and the control (38.6%, 40.4% and 21.0%, respectively) groups were not significantly different. The frequencies of various haplotypes including genetic loci +49A/G and CT60 and frequencies of G alleles at these positions were comparable between patient and the control groups and its presence did not correlate with clinical and biochemical indices of the disease. None of the patients had APECED-related AIRE gene mutations. Lack of significant difference in the pattern of CTLA-4 A/G49 and/or CT60A/G genotypes and absence of common APECED syndrome-related AIRE gene mutations among patients and controls suggest that these sites do not play a role in the development of the SIH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Applied Radiation and Isotopes 45 (1994), S. 379-381 
    ISSN: 0969-8043
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica B+C 79 (1975), S. 594-603 
    ISSN: 0378-4363
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Highly textured thin films, of ordered Nd(Fe,T)12, T=Ti, Mo, and disordered Nd(Fe,Ti)7 phases, were synthesized by rf sputter deposition. The 1–12 films were highly (002) textured with the c axes oriented perpendicular to the film plane. The disordered Nd-Fe-Ti films were fitted to the disordered TbCu7 phase and could be made highly (110) textured with the c axes randomly distributed in the film plane. Nitriding was carried out in N2 at P=400 Torr at ≈450 °C for 2 h. The room-temperature magnetocrystalline anisotropy fields of the NdFe11Ti and NdFe11Mo films, which were uniaxial, were 10 and 5 kOe, respectively. After nitriding the NdFe11TNx films remained uniaxial, but the anistropy fields increased to 108 and 130 kOe for Ti and Mo, respectively. The iHc perpendicular to the film plane of NdFe11T increased to 5.3 kOe, T=Ti, and to 7.2 kOe, T=Mo, after nitriding. At 293 K, the highest-energy product of 30.2 MGOe was obtained for a T=Mo nitrided sample. The hysteresis loops of disordered Nd(Fe,Ti)7 and Nd(Fe,Ti)7Nx films, measured in the film plane and perpendicular to the film plane, showed that the disordered 1–7 phase was a conical system and that the cone angle increased after nitriding. Thin films of the disordered 1–7 phase were also synthesized with Nd replaced by Sm and these directly crystallized disordered Sm(Fe,Ti)7 films were highly (200) textured with the c axes randomly distributed in the film plane. As observed for the disordered Nd(Fe,Ti)7 phase, hysteresis loops of disordered Sm(Fe,Ti)7 and Sm(Fe,Ti)7Nx showed a change in cone angle after nitriding and, in this case, the cone angle decreased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5425-5427 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Pulsed laser deposition using bulk NiOFe2O3 targets onto heated substrates has been used to synthesize single phase Ni spinel ferrite films onto various substrates. Flowing oxygen has been used during the deposition to maintain the oxygen stoichiometry. Ni ferrite films have been deposited onto C-, R-, and A-plane sapphire, polycrystalline Al2O3, and fused silica. Single-crystal (111) oriented NiOFe2O3 films have been made onto C-plane sapphire for substrate temperatures of greater than 900 °C. Polycrystalline highly (400) textured Ni ferrite films have been made onto R-plane sapphire with I(400)/I(311)=6.15. Films made onto A-plane sapphire, polycrystalline alumina, and fused silica showed only moderate texturing. The coercive force of the (111) oriented NiOFe2O3 was 120 Oe perpendicular to the film plane and 95 Oe in plane. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Measurements of the polar Kerr rotation and optical coercivity as a function of photon energy have been made on ≈2 μm thick ThMn12-type crystalline sputtered films of Sm(Fe,Ti)12. The optical coercivity for a Ti containing (222) textured film was 3.10 kOe at a photon energy of 1.25 eV, 2.96 kOe at 1.84 eV, and 2.92 kOe at 2.45 eV. The optical coercivity for a similar composition (002) textured Sm(Fe,Ti)12 film was relatively constant at 1.24 kOe. These samples were measured in air at 300 K without any protective overcoating. The polar Kerr rotation observed for these crystalline films versus the photon energy paralleled that observed for pure Fe. The magnetometer and optical coercivities for the (222) textured Sm(Fe,Ti)12 films were 1.5 and 2.5 times as large, respectively, as for similar composition (002) textured films. Differences in grain sizes incorporated during the direct synthesis of the films onto heated substrates are needed to account for the large differences observed in the coercivities for the (222) versus (002) textured films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Highly aligned film samples of ThMn12-type NdFe12−y−zCoyMoz, y+z≈1, have been directly crystallized onto heated substrates by rf sputtering. The deposited films have then been nitrided at different nitriding pressures and temperatures to determine the optimum conditions to maximize the coercivity. The films have generally been (002) textured so that the easy axis of magnetization of the nitrided films is perpendicular to the film surface. For low Co concentrations it has been possible to enhance the saturation flux densities, the coercivity, and the anisotropy field of the nitrided samples. Maximum room temperature coercivities and anisotropies of 11.3 and 145 kOe were obtained for a ThMn12-type Nd8.9Fe80.3Co6.0Mo4.8N (002) textured film sample. At lower temperatures the coercivity and anisotropy rose smoothly to 29.5 and ≈200 kOe respectively by 10 K. Based on nitriding studies on similar films, all nitride sites should be occupied at ≈1 N per ThMn12 formula unit for the high coercivity films. Previously NdFe11Co0.5Mo0.5N films were reported with a room temperature BHmax=46.3 MGOe at 293 K and 59.6 MGOe at 10 K. In general, films that have been made to exhibit a gradient in any one component have exhibited lower energy products due to either a reduced coercivity or to shouldered hysteresis loops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Single phase TbCu7 type films of Sm(CoFeCuZr) have been sputter synthesized for a range of sputter gas pressure, deposition temperature, and two different gas species: Ar and Ar50%Xe. The magnetic and crystallographic properties of these films as a function of sputter deposition parameters have been studied. Films synthesized at temperatures near their crystallization temperatures at sputter gas pressures exceeding 60 mTorr of Ar50%Xe, had a strong c-axis in-plane texture. The remanent magnetization ratio for measurement perpendicular to the film plane versus in plane was close to zero for such films. X-ray diffraction patterns of these films showed only (hk0) type reflections. At gas pressures around 30 mTorr predominant reflection was (111) type. The perpendicular to the in-plane BR ratio for such films was around 0.55. For films with in-plane c-axis texture, in-plane Br of 9.0 kGauss and coercivities in the range 3–10 kOe were possible. Pressures of Ar and Ar50%Xe correlated roughly in the ratio 1:2 for the synthesis of films, with comparable crystallographic and magnetic properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 6006-6008 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Highly aligned (002) textured sputtered films of Pr(Fe12−y−zCoyMoz)Nx, where y=0–2.5, and z=0.4–1.0 compounds have been successfully synthesized. Before nitriding, the films exhibited nonuniaxial soft magnetic properties with room temperature coercivities of 0.70 kOe. A profound change of magnetocrystalline anisotropy occurred on nitriding. X-ray diffraction traces showed that the ThMn12-type tetragonal structure was retained with a saturating increase in cell volume over the first 15 min of nitriding time at 750 K. The coercivity, however, reached a maximum for a nitriding time of 25 min at 750 K. Samples nitrided for times greater than ≈25 min were taken as fully nitrided with ≈1 N per ThMn12 formula unit. The samples slightly richer in Pr showed somewhat higher coercivity perpendicular to the film plane as compared to stochiometric Pr(Fe,Co,Mo)12N films. From high field measurements to 80 kOe, the maximum room temperature coercivity perpendicular to the film plane was 9.4 kOe, which rose to 22.0 kOe at 10 K. The 4πMs value at 80 kOe measured perpendicular to the film plane was 11.6±0.5 kG at 293 K, 12.5 kG at 10 K, for Pr1.04Fe10.36Co1.16Mo0.44N samples, and 10.5±0.5 kG at 293 K for Pr1.05Fe11.17Mo0.78N samples. After high field magnetization to 80 kOe, for measurements perpendicular to the film plane, the static energy product was 23.6 and 32.9 MG Oe at 293 and 10 K, respectively. The estimated anisotropy fields were 96 and 144 kOe at 293 and 10 K, respectively, for low cobalt film samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 6009-6011 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Highly aligned sputtered film samples of ThMn12-type NdFe12−y−z CoyMozN, y+z≈1, have been synthesized. For low Co concentrations it has been possible to enhance the saturation flux densities, the coercivity, and the anisotropy field of the nitrided samples. Films which have a gradient along the substrate length in the Fe to Co ratio have been synthesized to determine the maximum coercivity and anisotropy values that can be obtained for the Nd(Fe,Co,Mo)12N nitrides. Maximum room temperature coercivities and anisotropies of 11.3 and 145 kOe were obtained for a ThMn12-type Nd8.9Fe80.3Co6.0Mo4.8N (002) textured film sample. At lower temperatures the coercivity and anistropy rose smoothly to 29.5 and ≈200 kOe, respectively by 10 K. Based on nitriding studies on similar films, all nitride sites should be occupied at ≈1 N per ThMn12 formula unit for the high coercivity films reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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