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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Regional left ventricular function ; Aortocoronary bypass surgery ; Regionale linksventrikuläre Funktion ; Aorto-koronarer Bypass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 20 konsekutiven Patienten (mittleres Alter 51,6 Jahre) mit der Diagnose einer stabilen, schweren Angina pectoris wurden aortocoronare Bypass-Operationen durchgeführt und insgesamt 60 Anastomosen gefertigt. First-pass Radionuclid Ventrikulogramme (18–24 mCi 99m Technetium Pertechnetat i.v.) erfolgten sowohl in Ruhe als auch nach maximaler Belastung im Durchschnitt 9,4±1,5 Monate postoperativ. Neben der globalen Ejektionsfraktion (GEF) wurde die regionale Ejektionsfraktion (REF) gemessen. Die REF wurde neu definiert und mit einer speziellen Technik erarbeitet: Jedes postoperative Radionuklid-Ventrikulogramm (RAO-Ansicht) wurde in drei Regionen unterteilt, entsprechend dem Versorgungsgebiet der drei Hauptkoronararterien und ihrer Äste. Die Größe und die Verzweigung der Koronararterien wurden auf dem präoperativen Kontrastmittel-Koronarangiogramm eingesehen. Die GEF verbesserte sich nach maximaler Belastung in 13 Fällen um 8,1%-Einheiten (von 50,5 auf 58,5%), blieb unverändert 3mal und verschlechterte sich 4mal um 7,1%-Einheiten (von 51,6 auf 44,5%; alle Änderungenp〈0,05). In komplett revaskularisierten Regionen (n=33) verbesserte sich die REF 24mal um 9,7%-Einheiten (von 51,1 auf 60,8%). Die Belastungs-REF änderte sich nicht wesentlich von der Ruhe-REF 6mal; in drei Fällen konnte eine Verschlechterung um 7,3%-Einheiten gemessen werden (von 48,6 auf 41,3%; alle Veränderungenp〈0,05). Komplett revaskularisierte Regionen reagierten auf Belastung wie normal perfundierte Gebiete (Anstieg um 7,8%-Einheiten; von 50,6 auf 58,4%n=7;p〈0.05). Die REF verschlechterte sich in inkomplett revaskularisierten Gebieten (n=9) 6mal um 12,8%-Einheiten (von 58,0 auf 45,2%), blieb unverändert 2mal und verbesserte sich 1mal um 4.5%-Einheiten. Die REF der Gesamtgruppe verschlechterte sich um 7,3%-Einheiten (von 56,8 auf 49,5%;p〈0,05). Die Belastungs-REF der inkomplett revaskularisierten Regionen war hoch signifikant schlechter als diejenigen der komplett revaskularisierten Regionen (49,5 gegenüber 58,4%;p〈0,01). Die GEF ist eine gewichtete Bilanz aller dreier Ejektionsfraktionen. Der wichtigste Parameter ist die REF des Ramus interventricularis anterior-Gebietes.
    Notes: Summary Twenty consecutive patients (mean age 51.6 years) with persistent severe angina pectoris underwent aorto-coronary bypass surgery receiving an overall of 60 anastomosis. On an average, 9.4±1.5 months p.o. first pass radionuclide ventriculograms (18 to 24 mCi 99 m Technetium-Pertechnetate i.v.) were performed at rest and after excerise. Besides measurement of global ejection fraction (GEF), regional ejection fraction (REF) was assessed employing for the first time a new technique: each RAO-view of p.o. radionuclide left ventriculogram was subdivided into three regions according to supply of the three main coronary arteries and their branches as visualized on pre-operative coronary angiogram. GEF improved after maximum exercise in 13 cases by 8.1% points (from 50.4 to 58.5%), remained unchanged three times and decreased four times by 7.1 points (from 51.6 to 44.5%; all changesp〈0.05). In completely revascularized regions (n=35) REF improved 24 times by 9.7 points (from 51.1 to 60.8%), did not differ from rest REF six times and decreased in three case by 7.3 points (from 48.6 to 41.3%; all changesp〈0.05). Completely revascularized regions responded to exercise like normally perfused areas (increase 7.8 points (from 50.6 to 58.4%;n=7;p〈0.05). REF deteriorated in incompletely revascularized regions (n=9) six times by 12.8 points (from 58.0 to 45.2%), remained unchanged twice and improved once by 4.5 points. Total group's REF decreased by 7.3 points (from 56.8 to 49.5%;p〈0.05). Exercise REF of incompletely revascularized regions was highly significant inferior to that of completely revascularized regions (49.5 to 58.4%;p〈0.01). GEF is a weighted balance of the three regional ejection fractions. The most important parameter is REF of LAD territory.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Heart-transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The first successful heart-transplantation carried out in the Department for Cardiovascular Surgery of the University of Munich, Klinikum Großhadern is reported. The recipient, 32 years old at the time of operation, had sustained a large antero-lateral-septal myocardial infarction in June 1980; thereafter the left ventricular ejection fraction was severely impaired (e.f.=19%). Yet, the operation was definitely planned some year later, after the patient had survived an embolus to the right lung, an acute left heart failure and a small ulcer of the stomach. The operation was performed on 8-19-1981. The donor was a 23 year old young man, who had met a fatal motorcycle accident 10 days ago. The man was pronouned dead in the afternoon of the preoperative day according to the criterions of the German Society for Surgery by means of a carotid angiogram. Donor and recipient were well matched in regard to blood group, HLA-A2-System and finally crossmatch-test. Transplantation was carried out according to the technique of Lower and Shumway. Immediately p.o., immunosuppressive therapy was started using azathioprine, cortisone and antihuman thymocyte globulin. Two acute rejections were noted, the first from p.o. day 6 to 15, the second from p.o. day 22 to 34. The second acute rejection was complicated by a pneumatosis cystoides intestinii, which caused a change of the immunosuppressive therapy to Cyclosporin A. No further complications were registered in the following p.o. course, the patient is discharged since Christmas 1981.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 57 (1979), S. 1303-1304 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Intraaortic counterpulsation ; Acute left heart failure after cardiac surgery ; Intraaortale Gegenpulsation ; akutes Herzversagen nach kardiochirurgischen Eingriffen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Zeitraum September 1976 bis Oktober 1979 wurde bei 38 Patienten nach kardiochirurgischen Eingriffen die intraaortale Gegenpulsation angewendet (2,7% der insgesamt in diesem Zeitraum mit der Herz-Lungen-Maschine Operierten). Die Indikation zum Einsatz war ein Herzindex unter 2,0 l/min/m2, ein Aortenmitteldruck unter 60 mm Hg, ein Ansteigen des Mitteldrucks im linken Vorhof bzw. des pulmonalen Kapillardrucks über 20 mm Hg. Die Notwendigkeit von Adrenalin war eine unmittelbare Indikation zur Gegenpulsation. Bei zwei Drittel der Operierten war die intraaortale Gegenpulsation zur Beendigung der extrakorporalen Zirkulation notwendig, bei den restlichen Kranken im frühen postoperativen Verlauf (mit einer Ausnahme bis zu 4 h p.o.). Es wurde folgende Gruppeneinteilung vorgenommen: Gruppe I, 20 Koronarkranke ohne Ventrikelaneurysma, Gruppe II, 3 Koronarkranke mit Ventrikelaneurysma, Gruppe III, 15 Patienten mit Klappenersatz. Die Früh- bzw. Spätletalität des akuten Herzversagens betrug in Gruppe I 45 bzw. 10%, in Gruppe III 67 bzw. 7%. Kein Patient aus der Gruppe II verstarb. Die Überlebensraten, wie auch die funktionellen Langzeitergebnisse (im Mittel 16,1 Monate pop.), waren bei Koronarpatienten besser als bei Operierten nach Klappenersatz. Als Ursache für die geringe Effektivität der intraaortalen Gegenpulsation bei Klappenkranken wird die Mitbeteiligung des rechten Herzens am pathophysiologischen Geschehen diskutiert. Bei 6–12stündiger Ineffektivität der intraaortalen Gegenpulsation sollte hier der Einsatz eines temporären künstlichen Ventrikels erwogen werden.
    Notes: Summary From September 1976 to October 1979 intraaortic counterpulsation was employed in 38 patients after cardiac surgery (2.7% of all operated on using extracorporal circulation in the same period of time). Circulatory assist was indicated if: cardiac index was below 2.0 ml/min/m2, mean aortic pressure below 60 mm Hg, mean left atrial pressure resp. pulmonary capillary pressure above 20 mm Hg. Need of epinephrin was an absolute indication for intraaortic counterpulsation. Two third of the patients needed the pump in order to get weaned off extracorporal circulation; in the remaining patients circulatory assist was necessary in early postoperative course (with one exception up to 4 hrs). Patients were divided up into following groupings: group I, 20 cases, coronary artery disease without ventricular aneurysm, group II, 3 cases, coronary artery disease with ventricular aneurysm, group III, 15 patients, who had valvular repair. Early and late mortality of the acute heart failure was 45 resp. 10% in group I; 67 resp. 7% in group III. There was no fatality in group II. Survival rate of coronary artery patients exceeded that of valve patients as did the functional long term results (on an average 16.1 months p.o.). Concomitant right heart failure might be the cause for the low efficiency of intraaortic counterpulsation in valve patients. After 6–12 hours proof of ineffective application, the use of a temporary cardiac assist device should be discussed.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Aspirin® ; Coronary Bypass ; Coronary Heart Disease ; Platlets ; Platlet Inhibition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A prospective, randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASS) (100 mg/d, starting 24 h after operation) on vein graft patency. Sixty of 88 patients having undergone surgery entered the study; in 24 of 31 patients in the placebo group and 22 of 29 patients in the ASS-group angiography was performed 4 months postoperatively. There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to age, number of diseased vessels or previous myocardial infarctions. Mean number of grafts per patient was 2,2 (placebo) and 1,8 (ASS) for proximal anastomoses (p〈0.10) and 3.4 (placebo) and 2.6 (ASS) for distal anastomoses (p〈0.05). Graft occlusion rate for proximal anastomoses was less in the ASS-group, 10% (4/40), as compared with placebo 32% (17/53) (p〈0.05). Graft occlusion rate for distal anastomoses was also less in the ASS group, 19% (11/57) as compared to 35% (28/81) in the placebo group (p〈0.10). All grafts were patent in 16/22 patients in the ASS group but only in 9/24 in the placebo group (p〈0.05). On designation of patients without postoperative angiograms but cardiovascular events as well as those with at least one graft occluded as “failures”, the incidence of the latter was 9/29 in the ASS group and 20/31 in the placebo group (p〈0.05). Early postoperative bleeding was similar in both groups, no side effects of ASS were observed. In this trial with initiation of low — dose ASS therapy 24 h after operation, antiplatlet therapy reduced the graft occlusion rate significantly.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 71 (1993), S. 524-530 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Cardiac transplantation ; Transplant coronary artery disease ; PTCA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Transplant coronary artery disease is the greatest impediment to long-term survival beyond the first year after cardiac transplantation. Transplant coronary artery disease shows a heterogeneous angiographic appearance, but focal stenoses can occur alone or at least predominate. Based on an angiographic indication 35 critical focal lesions causing narrowing by 75% or more were treated by PTCA during 23 procedures in seven patients 18–84 months after cardiac transplantation. Three patients each underwent only one procedure and four underwent repeated procedures [2, 3, 4 and 11, respectively]. Primary success was achieved without any complication in 35 of 35 lesions (100%). The mean degree of stenosis was reduced from 86±9% to 28±17% (P〈0.001). The rate of restenosis was 18/29 (62%) at a mean of 4 months after angioplasty. Four patients are alive and free of adverse effects (symptoms, myocardial infarction, repeated percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, retransplantation) 16±10 months after their last angioplasty. One patient underwent a successful second heart transplantation 26 months after the first angioplasty. Two patients died, 1 and 31 months after the last angioplasty. In conclusion, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty can be performed safely with an excellent primary success rate in critical focal transplant coronary artery disease. The rate of restenosis is higher than in native coronary artery disease. Long-term follow-up depends on the individually variable accelerated nature of graft atherosclerosis.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Lung transplantation ; Inhaled vasodilators ; Nitric oxide ; Pulmonary hypertension ; Selective pulmonary vasodilation ; Reperfusion injury
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: Inhalation of high concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to improve gas exchange and to reduce pulmonary vascular resistance in individuals with ischemia-reperfusion injury following orthotopic lung transplantation. We assessed the cardiopulmonary effects of low doses of NO in early allograft dysfunction following lung transplantion. Design: Prospective clinical dose- response study. Setting: Anesthesiological intensive care unit of a university hospital. Patients and participants: 8 patients following a single or double lung transplantation who had a mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) in excess of 4.7 kPa (35 mmHg) or an arterial oxygen tension/fractional inspired oxygen ratio (PaO2/FIO2) of less than 13.3 kPa (100 mmHg). Interventions: Gaseous NO was inhaled in increasing concentrations (1, 4 and 8 parts per million, each for 15 min) via a Siemens Servo 300 ventilator. Measurements and results: Cardiorespiratory parameters were assessed at baseline, after each concentration of NO, and 15 min after withdrawal of the agent [statistics: median (25th/75th percentiles: Q1/Q3), rANOVA, Dunnett's test, p 〈 0.05]. Inhaled NO resulted in a significant, reversible, dose-dependent, selective reduction in PAP from 5.5(5.2/6.0) kPa at control to 5.1(4.7/5.6) kPa at 1 ppm, 4.9(4.3/5.3) kPa at 4 ppm, and to 4.7(4.1/5.1) kPa at 8 ppm. PaO2 increased from 12.7(10.4/17.1) to 19.2(12.4/26.0) kPa at 1 ppm NO, to 23.9(4.67/26.7) kPa at 4 ppm NO and to 24.5(11.9/28.7) kPa at 8 ppm NO. All patients responded to NO inhalation (either with PAP or PaO2), all were subject to long-term inhalation (1–19 days). All were successfully weaned from NO and were discharged from the intensive care unit. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that low-dose inhaled NO may be an effective drug for symptomatic treatment of hypoxemia and/or pulmonary hypertension due to allograft dysfunction subsequent to lung transplantation.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Herz-, Thorax- und Gefässchirurgie 12 (1998), S. 160-166 
    ISSN: 0930-9225
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Herztransplantation – Transplantatvaskulopathie – Hyperlipidämie H.E.L.P.-Therapie ; Key words Heart transplantation – graft vessel disease – hypercholesterolemia, H.E.L.P. therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Hyperlipidemia is an important factor in the development of graft vessel disease after heart transplantation. In our hospital the H.E.L.P. system (Heparin-mediated extracorporal LDL precipitation) was applied in heart transplanted patients with hypercholesterolemia for the first time. Indications were plasma cholesterol concentrations above 240 mg/dl and LDL-cholesterol concentrations above 135 mg/dl, respectively, in spite of cholesterol diet and maximal lipid lowering medication (15 mg Simvastatin/day). 723 treatments were performed in 13 patients. They were divided into two groups. Patients of group 1 (n=10) showed regular coronary angiography, whereas patients of group 2 (n=3) already revealed signs of graft vessel disease at the time of the first H.E.L.P. treatment. In the control angiographies performed once a year after H.E.L.P. was started, eight out of ten of the patients of group 1 showed no graft vessel disease, while only two out of ten developed graft vessel disease despite of H.E.L.P. therapy. In group 2, two patients indicated a regression of preexisting angiopathy, the third patient, however, revealed further progression of coronary stenoses. Patients of both groups, who revealed no development of progression of graft vessel disease showed continously low blood levels of LDL, Lp (a), and fibrinogen in the interval between two treatments. In contrast, in cases of pogressive angiopathy, a continous decrease of Lp (a) and fibrinogen could not be achieved with the H.E.L.P. apheresis.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Hypercholesterinämie wird als einer der wichtigsten Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung einer Transplantatvaskulopathie nach Herztransplantation angesehen. An unserer Klinik wurden erstmals herztransplantierte Patienten, die trotz cholesterinarmer Diät und lipidsenkender Medikation (15 mg Simvastatin/d) erhöhte Plasmacholesterinwerte aufwiesen, einer H.E.L.P.-Apherese (Heparininduzierte Extrakorporale LDL-Präzipitation) zugeführt. Als Grenzwerte für die Indikationsstellung galten für das Gesamtcholesterin eine Plasmakonzentration von mehr als 240 mg/dl bzw. für das Cholesterin der LDL-Fraktion (Low Density Lipoproteine) mehr als 135 mg/dl. Wir führten 723 Behandlungen bei 13 Patienten durch. Die Patienten verteilten sich auf zwei Gruppen. Gruppe 1 (n=10) erhielt die H.E.L.P.-Apherese mit dem Ziel einer primären Prävention einer Transplantatvaskulopathie, d.h. die Patienten wiesen zu Behandlungsbeginn keine Vaskulopathie auf. Dagegen bestand bei Patienten in Gruppe 2 (n=3) bereits zu Behandlungsbeginn eine signifikante Koronarsklerose. Die zur Kontrolle des Therapieerfolges einmal jährlich durchgeführten Herzkatheteruntersuchungen ergaben bei acht von zehn Patienten aus Gruppe 1 keinerlei Anzeichen einer Vaskulopathie. Nur zwei von zehn Patienten dieser Hochrisikogruppe entwickelten trotz der H.E.L.P.-Behandlung angiographisch sichtbare Stenosen. In Gruppe 2 gelang es bei zwei Patienten eine weitere Progression der Gefäßveränderungen zu verhindern, während der dritte Patient trotz H.E.L.P.-Therapie eine weitere Zunahme der Gefäßverschlüsse zeigte. Bei Patienten aus beiden Gruppen, die unter einer regelmäßigen H.E.L.P.-Behandlung keine Vaskulopathie entwickelten bzw. deren Gefäßveränderungen nicht fortschritten, ließen sich durch H.E.L.P. die Plasmaspiegel des LDL-Cholesterins sowie des Lipoproteins (a) (Lp (a)) und Fibrinogens erfolgreich um 40–60% senken. Im Gegensatz dazu, war bei Patienten mit einer Progression der Gefäßveränderungen keine anhaltende Senkung der Lp (a)- und Fibrinogenwerte durch die H.E.L.P.-Apherese möglich.
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