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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transport and the Environment: Effects of Organic Pollutants on Water Quality (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 11 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: The eighteenth report of the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution made no reference to any potential environmental impacts resulting from runoff pollution associated with transport activities. This paper identifies the magnitude and extent of pollution associated with discharges from various transport sources and identifies solids, metals, hydrocarbons, herbicides and de-icing agents as the principal contaminants of environmental concern. The impacts of these pollutants on the receiving water are reviewed. They are primarily associated with highways which have a high traffic density, and herbicides are considered to be the only potential and widespread hazard to groundwaters. Highway and airport runoff are shown to have both acute and chronic effects on biotic diversity and organism mortality rates, although these effects appear to be largely confined to reaches immediately downstream from the discharge outfalls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1997.tb00112.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of personal protection, environmental hygiene and exposure to pesticides on the health of immigrant farm workers in a desert country (1999)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 72 (1999), S. 40-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Pesticides ; Protective equipment ; Safety ; Hygiene ; Acetylcholinesterase activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: Farm workers in developing countries tend not to use protective measures while handling pesticides. This study investigates the use of personal protection equipment and the practice of safety and hygiene procedures in the handling of pesticides in agriculture. Methods: Through a multi-stage sampling technique, one-fifth of the farms in a region were selected and all the farm workers at these farms were included in the study. A comparison population matching in age, socio-economic status and stay in the region was selected. A specifically designed questionnaire was used to collect information on the use of protective measures and the practice of safety and hygiene during work and on the disposal of empty pesticide containers. Blood pressure and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were measured in the exposed and the unexposed populations. Results: Protective equipment was worn by a minority of farm workers – gloves, by 35%; work coveralls, by 36%; a scarf to cover the nose and mouth, by 39%; and shoes at work, by 79%. With regard to personal hygiene measures, 83% of the workers changed clothes after work and the same proportion took a shower after work; 63% and 46% drank and ate while at work respectively; and 11% used articles of domestic use in the preparation of pesticides on the farm. Most of the farm workers (96%) were asked to prepare pesticides for spraying by the foreman and 61% were asked to spray the pesticides on the crops. AChE activity was highly significantly depleted in the exposed population as compared with the unexposed population. Conclusions: AChE depletion was found to be negatively associated with the use of gloves, of work coveralls, and of a scarf to cover the nose and mouth and with the implementation of safety and hygiene procedures on the farm. AChE depletion was positively associated with the frequency of pesticide spraying.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004200050332
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrocarbon accumulation in freshwater sediments of an urban catchment (1982)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 91-92 (1982), S. 285-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: PAH ; aliphatic hydrocarbons ; sediment ; stormwater
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The top and bottom of two sediment cores collected from an urban receiving basin in NW London, and stormwater samples from the attendant catchment, have been analysed for their hydrocarbon content. In surface sediments, basal sediments and stormwater, total aliphatic hydrocarbon levels are 445–690 µg g−1 dry wt., 43–224 µg g−1 and 0.36–1.10 mg l−1, respectively; and total levels of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are 780–1 100 µg g−1, 310–640 µg g1 and 5.83–18.21 mg l−1, respectively. Biodegradation of aliphatics is assessed by phytane:n-C18 and pristane: n-C17 ratios. Hydrocarbon sources are determined from phytane: pristane ratios, odd: even carbon chain length ratios, the presence of an unresolved complex mixture, and by comparison of the amount of methyl-substituted PAH s with that of the parent compounds. Comparison of total levels between surface and basal sediments shows a 1 to 3 fold increase in total PAHs and a 3 to 10 fold increase in aliphatic hydrocarbons over a 120 year period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02391945
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrocarbon accumulation in freshwater sediments of an urban catchment (1982)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 91-92 (1982), S. 285-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: PAH ; aliphatic hydrocarbons ; sediment ; stormwater
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The top and bottom of two sediment cores collected from an urban receiving basin in NW London, and stormwater samples from the attendant catchment, have been analysed for their hydrocarbon content. In surface sediments, basal sediments and stormwater, total aliphatic hydrocarbon levels are 445–690 µg g−1 dry wt., 43–224 µg g−1 and 0.36–1.10 mg l−1, respectively; and total levels of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are 780–1 100 µg g−1, 310–640 µg g1 and 5.83–18.21 mg l−1, respectively. Biodegradation of aliphatics is assessed by phytane:n-C18 and pristane: n-C17 ratios. Hydrocarbon sources are determined from phytane: pristane ratios, odd: even carbon chain length ratios, the presence of an unresolved complex mixture, and by comparison of the amount of methyl-substituted PAH s with that of the parent compounds. Comparison of total levels between surface and basal sediments shows a 1 to 3 fold increase in total PAHs and a 3 to 10 fold increase in aliphatic hydrocarbons over a 120 year period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00940119
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The determination of the toxic influences to Gammarus pulex (amphipoda) caged in urban receiving waters (1996)
    Springer
    Ecotoxicology 5 (1996), S. 209-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3017
    Keywords: Caged macroinvertebrates ; combined sewer overflow (CSO) ; mortality response ; multiple regression ; predictive equations ; principal component analysis ; surface water outfall (SWO) ; urban receiving waters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: A statistical procedure comprising principal component analysis and multiple regression has been applied to the in situ mortality response data for Gammarus pulex caged downstream of a combined sewer overflow (CSO) and a surface water outfall (SWO). The mortality and heavy metal bioaccumulation responses of the species as well as seventeen different chemical and hydrological characteristics of the receiving watercourse were monitored continuously for 36 days. Flow rate, BOD5, suspended solids, total ammonia, total aqueous copper and lead concentrations and dissolved aqueous concentrations of zinc and copper influenced the mortality response of Gammarus pulex. The relationships between the mortality response and the selected independent variables are expressed in the form of stable quantitative equations by regressing the dependent variable (i.e. mortality) against the principal components of the independent parameters. This statistical approach represents an important tool for interpreting large intercorrelated sets of environmental data obtained in situ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00116341
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental chemistry of lakes and reservoirs, advances in chemistry series 237. Edited by Lawrence A. Baker, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1994, xii + 627 pp., price US$149.95. ISBN 0 8412 2526 5 (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemical Technology AND Biotechnology 66 (1996), S. 421-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2575
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: No Abstract
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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