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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lack of effect of magnesium-aluminium hydroxide on the absorption of theophylline given as a pH-dependent sustained release preparation (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 44 (1993), S. 85-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Theophylline ; Antacids ; Asthma ; slow-release formulations ; pharmacokinetics ; drug interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antacids can modify the pharmacokinetic parameters of sustained-release preparations of theophylline by changing the gastric pH. Though this has been studied with various theophylline/antacid combinations, the specific preparations investigated here have not previously been tested. The objective of the study was to assess any change in the availability of theophylline from a sustained-release preparation (SR), induced by the coadministration with an antacid. The study was designed as a double-blind randomized crossover trial in the Pneumology Departments of three general hospitals. Fifteen patients were studied. They all had stable asthma treated with theophylline and no major organ failure or gastro-intestinal lesions requiring the use of antacids. The antacide (aluminium hydroxide 800 mg and magnesium hydroxide 800 mg), or placebo, tid, was added to a stable regimen of theophylline SR bid, for 4 days, in crossover fashion. Plasma theophylline concentrations were measured before and 1,2,3,4,6,8,10,12,16 and 24 h after the morning dose of Armophylline on the fourth day of each treatment period; the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), and time to Cmax (tmax) were noted, and the area under the 24-h time-concentration curve (AUC0–24) and mean plasma concentration (Cmean) were computed. Peak expiratory flows on the same day, before and 3, 6 and 12 h after the morning dose of Armophylline were also measured. There was no change in any of the parameters studied. The addition of the antacide to theophylline, each given according to standard clinical practice, did not modify the pharmacokinetics of the latter. This result probably can not be generalized to all pairs of sustained-release theophylline-antacid preparations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315286
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of atenolol kinetics when hypothyroidism is corrected (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 38 (1990), S. 185-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Atenolol ; Hypothyroidism ; Drug absorption ; Pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A single oral dose of atenolol 100 mg was given to 7 hypothyroid patients (4 F, 3 M), before and after correction of hypothyroidism, mean delay 3.5 months (2 to 6.5 months). There was no change in the elimination parameters of atenolol, but the maximal plasma atenolol concentration was increased (1.66 to 7.37 mg·l−1) as was the AUC (14.9 to 52.1 mg·l−1·h) when the hypothyroidism had been treated. Only one patient differed: he had had a supra-selective vagotomy, and had similar curves before and after treatment of the hypothyroidism, both being similar to the plasma concentration curves found in the other patients after correction of the hypothyroidism. The results suggest an increase in the bioavailability of atenolol when hypothyroidism is corrected. The findings in the patient with vagotomy suggest that the decreased bioavailability during hypothyroidism might be related to changes in intestinal pH. Further studies are needed of the impact of hypothyroidism on gastric and pancreatic or biliary function and its consequences for drug absorption, and drug pharmacokinetics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265982
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacological interaction between nitroglycerin and aspirin after acute and chronic aspirin treatment of healthy subjects (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 25 (1983), S. 779-782 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nitroglycerin ; aspirin ; pharmacological interaction ; pharmacokinetic interaction ; healthy subjects ; physiological effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The interaction between nitroglycerin (NTG) and aspirin was investigated in 7 healthy subjects in order to test whether aspirin could block the haemodynamic response to NTG; the doses used were NTG 0.8 mg, and aspirin 0.5 g for chronic and 1 g for acute treatment. The plasma levels of NTG and various physiological parameters (heart rate, diastolic arterial pressure, end diastolic diameter, and end systolic diameter) were measured during the 30 minutes after the administration of NTG. An increase in NTG Cmax and AUC was observed after both aspirin treatment. The changes in physiological parameters produced by NTG were enhanced by the two treatments, although the differences were not statistically significant. The results indicate complex pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between NTG and aspirin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542519
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of intravenous salbutamol in renal insufficiency and its biological effects (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 37 (1989), S. 387-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: salbutamol ; pharmacokinetics ; renal insufficiency ; biological effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Salbutamol was administered intravenously to 5 patients with renal function impairment for estimation its pharmacokinetic parameters. The mean terminal half-life was 256 min, similar to previously reported values in healthy adults. The mean clearance (167 ml/min) and the mean volume of distribution (55 l) were decreased. These parameters were not correlated with the creatinine clearance. A slight but significant decrease was observed in the plasma potassium level up to 125 min after the salbutamol infusion. The heart rate was significantly increased, and the increase in 3 patients was correlated with the salbutamol concentration. The biological effects of the drug were less marked than expected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558505
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of oral cyclosporin A in diabetic children and adolescents (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 38 (1990), S. 181-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: cyclosporin A ; diabetic children ; pharmacokinetics ; dose adjustment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cyclosporin A (CsA) pharmacokinetics was studied in 19 diabetic children (mean age: 10.6 y). They were divided into prepubertal (I) and pubertal (II) groups according to plasma oestradiol or testosterone concentrations. The kinetic study was performed after a 72 h wash out period and a single oral dose of 7.5 mg/kg CsA. CsA in blood was measured by HPLC. The kinetic parameters: Cmax, tmax, t1/2, AUC, CL/f, Vz/f and tss were calculated. No significant difference was found between the two groups. A significant negative correlation was found between Vz and both total cholesterol (r=0.46), VLDL+LDL−cholesterol (r=−0.49) and VLDL+LDL−phospholipids (r=−0.58). CsA kinetics at steady-state were simulated by superimposition of single dose kinetics derived from each single dose. Measured steady-state blood concentrations were correlated (r=0.80) with the values predicted by the simulation. The results suggest that CsA adjustment dosage of the CsA may be performed after a single oral dose using blood levels measured by HPLC. This procedure requires validation in further studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265981
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of tiaprofenic acid in children after a single oral dose (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 41 (1991), S. 251-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Tiaprofenic acid ; children ; pharmacokinetics ; NSAID
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Twelve healthy children in three age groups anaesthetized for minor surgery were given a single oral dose of tiaprofenic acid (3 mg · kg−1) (TA). Seven blood samples and zero to 8 and 8 to 24 h urines were collected. TA concentrations in plasma and urine were measured by HPLC. No significant difference was found between the age groups in the kinetic parameters of TA and no correlation was found between these parameters and age; tmax=2.12h, Cmax=8.78mg · l−1, AUC(0→8 h) 33.9mg · h · l−1, AUC=39.3 mg · h · l−1, t1/2=2.35 h, Vz=0.319 l · kg−1, CL=0.094 l · h−1 · kg−1. Renal clearance was 14 ml · h−1. kg−1. 33% of the TA dose was recovered in the 24 h urine, 48% of which was conjugated, whereas in adults, TA is only found in urine as conjugates. The apparent plasma clearance was significantly higher (56%) than in 12 healthy adults given 1.5 mg · kg−1 TA. Volume of distribution and t1/2 did not significantly differ between children and adults. Since no relationship has been established between plasma TA and either efficacy or toxicity, a different dose regimen cannot be recommended in 3–11 year-old children from that in adults.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315438
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of midazolam in children: comparative study of intranasal and intravenous administration (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 41 (1991), S. 355-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Midazolam ; pharmacokinetics ; intranasal ; intravenous ; children ; bioavailability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twelve children 1–5 y old were randomly assigned to receive midazolam 0.2 mg·kg−1 either by the intravenous (IV) or intranasal (IN) routes. After IN administration the rapid onset of absorption was observed (tmax 12 min). After both routes of administration the half-life was similar (2.2 h IN and 2.4 h IV). After IN administration the apparent plasma clearance and volume of distribution were about twice as high as after IV administration. The results are consistent with an estimated mean bioavailability of 55%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314967
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