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  • 1
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Human - Trauma - Antiinflammation - Cytokines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Objective: Besides interleukin (IL)-10, accumulating evidence from in vitro studies has indicated a strong antiinflammatory capacity for IL-13. A prospective clinical study was undertaken to assess the influence of additional brain injury on systemic IL-10 and IL-13 levels as markers for the antiinflammatory state in trauma patients.¶Material and methods: The course of IL-10 and IL-13 plasma levels from 32 patients with an isolated severe head trauma (SHT), 50 patients with multiple injuries and additional SHT and 39 patients with multiple injuries without SHT was detected using ELISA-technique. Blood samples from 37 healthy blood donors were analysed for control.¶Results: IL-10 levels were significantly elevated in all 3 injury groups within 3 h after trauma. The lowest initial release was detected in patients with an isolated SHT (Injury severity score; ISS: 18.1 ± 5.6). No difference could be demonstrated for the IL-10 levels from multiple injured patients with (ISS: 35.3 ± 9.6) or without additional SHT (ISS: 25.5 ± 11.7), though there were relevant differences in the ISS. In contrast, the IL-13 plasma levels were not elevated systemically after trauma.¶Conclusions: IL-10 but not IL-13 is a detectable antiinflammatory marker in trauma patients with or without brain injury and to a minor degree in patients with an isolated SHT.¶
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 4626-4628 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An approach giving a physical understanding of the stress-induced leakage current (SILC) generation kinetics based on anode hole injection and hole dispersive transport in the oxide is presented. It is shown that the SILC is not directly correlated to the defects responsible for oxide breakdown. However, it is suggested that trapped holes can impact on the defect creation rate and, in turn, on the breakdown generation. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 3871-3873 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The amplitudes of stress-induced leakage currents (SILC) generated for a constant injected dose are measured for oxide thicknesses between 3.5 and 9 nm. Then, the doses necessary to generate the same amplitude of SILC for all oxide thicknesses at 6 MV/cm are measured. The analysis of these results, considering that the SILC is due to a trap-assisted tunneling mechanism, demonstrates that a uniform trap distribution throughout the oxide cannot explain the thickness dependence of the SILC, indicating that the trap distribution is an important feature in the understanding of the oxide thickness dependence of the SILC. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 1158-1160 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this work, the leakage currents induced by electrical stress and by irradiation are compared. We show that the Ig–Vg characteristics of a 5.4-nm-thick oxide are very similar for both types of stresses. Moreover, we show that the electrical stability and the annealing behavior of the defects at the origin of the leakage current are very similar. We demonstrate that the radiation-induced leakage current can be fully annealed. Comparing the properties of the stress-induced leakage current and the radiation-induced leakage current, we believe that these currents are both due to the same type of defects which are supposed to be related to trapped holes. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 3041-3043 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The annealing kinetics of stress-induced leakage current in ultrathin SiO2 has been quantitatively investigated after high temperature bakes. We have found that the defects at the origin of the stress induced-leakage current can be fully annihilated and that it is possible to generate and anneal them several times without deterioration of the oxide quality. Moreover, the activation energy and diffusion coefficient deduced from the recovery time constant of the annealing kinetics are found nearly independent of the oxide thickness. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Since the mid 1950's the populations of rabbits have been reduced by myxomatosis. After 1979, however, a marked recovery was evident. An analysis of the hunting quotients in all hunting districts and cities in the state of Northrhine-Westfalia showed evidence of three similar epidemics but clear differences among the reactions of the various rabbit populations to the disease. For example, the highly populated district Kleve showed mortality rates of less than 30 % to more than 90 % (Tabs. 7 and 8) during the hunting year 1988/89. From July 1988 to April 1989 104 rabbits were investigated from 4 different areas (Tab. 2). From 80 wild rabbits 124 organ samples and 27 serum samples were tested for the presence of the myxomatosis virus. No virus of any kind could be isolated from any of the organ samples. Two of the serum samples neutralized the myxomatosis virus. Hence the decline of the rabbit populations can not solely be ascribed to myxomatosis. The bacteriological (Tab. 3), histological (Tab. 4), and parasitological (Tab. 5) results provided no evidence for an unusual disease level among the animals. The detailed investigations of the ovaries and testes of 32 rabbits, as well as the analysis of the levels of lead and cadmium in the livers and kidneys of 29 rabbits (Tab. 6) could not definitely prove the possibility of diminished fertility. Other possible causes of the decline in rabbit populations such as weather conditions, food supply, and predator pressure are discussed.
    Abstract: Résumé Depuis la moitié des années cinquante, les effectifs du Lapin de garenne enregistrent une réduction due à la Myxomatose. Après 1979, on ne put faire état d'un net rétablissement de la situation. Une analyse des tableaux de chasse dans tous les districts du Land de Rhénanie-Westphalie montre, pour trois grandes vagues d'épidémie, un parallélisme mais aussi des différences marquantes dans l'évolution des effectifs après l'apparition de l'épidémie. En prenant l'exemple du District de Clèves, trés vif en lapins, on indique qu'au cours de la saison de chasse 1988/89 la Myxomatose a entraîné des taux de mortalité estimés à moins de 30 % jusqu'à plus de 90 % (Tableaux 7 et 8). De juillet 1988 à avril 1989, dans 4 territoires, 104 lapins ont été prélevés pour examen (Tableau 2). Sur 80 lapins ont été recueillis 124 échantillons d'organes en vue de tester la présence du virus de la Myxomatose et 27 échantillons de sérum en vue de tester la présence d'anticorps de la Myxomatose. Aucun échantillon d'organe ne permit d'isoler le virus de la Myxomatose ni un virus d'une autre espèce. Deux échantillons de sérum permirent de neutraliser le virus de la Myxomatose. La régression du Lapin ne peut résulter de la seule Myxomatose. Les examens bactériologiques (Tableau 3), biologiques (Tableau 4) et parasitologiques (Tableau 5) ne révélèrent aucune charge pathologique inhabituelle des animaux. L'exament détaillé des ovaires et des testicules de 32 lapins et l'analyse de la teneur en Plomb et Cadmium dans les foies et reins de 29 animaux (Tableau 6) ne purent conforter la possibilité d'une fécondité réduite. Comme autres causes possibles de la régression du Lapin sont avancés les influences météorologiques, les ressources alimentaires et l'effet de la prédation.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Seit Mitte der 50er Jahre werden die Kaninchenbesätze durch die Myxomatose reduziert. Nach 1979 setzte eine deutliche Erholung nicht mehr ein. Eine Analyse der Jagdstrecken in allen Kreisen und kreisfreien Städten des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen zeigt für drei große Seuchenzüge Parallelen, aber deutliche Unterschiede in der Entwicklung der Besätze nach dem Auftreten der Seuche. Am Beispiel des kaninchenreichen Kreises Kleve wird für das Jagdjahr 1988/89 das Auftreten der Myxomatose mit geschätzten Mortalitätsraten unter 30 % bis über 90 % dokumentiert (Tabelle 7 und 8). Aus vier Räumen wurden von Juli 1988 bis April 1989 104 Kaninchen für eine Untersuchung entnommen (Tabelle 2). Von 80 Wildkaninchen wurden 124 Organproben auf Myxomatosevirus und 27 Serumproben auf Myxomatose-Antikörper geprüft. Aus keiner Organprobe konnte Myxomatosevirus oder ein Virus anderer Art isoliert werden. Zwei Serumproben neutralisierten das Myxomatosevirus. Der Rückgang der Kaninchen kann durch die Myxomatose allein nicht begründet werden. Die bakteriologischen (Tabelle 3), histologischen (Tabelle 4) und parasitologischen (Tabelle 5) Befunde erbrachten keine Nachweise für eine ungewöhnliche Belastung der Tiere durch Krankheiten. Die detaillierte Untersuchung der Ovarien und Hoden von 32 Kaninchen und die Analyse von Blei und Cadmium in den Lebern und Nieren von 28 Tieren (Tabelle 6) konnten die Möglichkeit einer verringerten Fruchtbarkeit nicht erhärten. Als weitere mögliche Ursachen für den Rückgang der Kaninchen werden Witterungseinflüsse, Nahrungsangebot und Feinddruck diskutiert.
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