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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 99 (1995), S. 12456-12460 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 30 (1991), S. 321-325 
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 102 (1980), S. 1501-1504 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 23 (1990), S. 1309-1312 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 22 (1989), S. 2668-2673 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diagnosis ; seasonal variation ; diabetes mellitus ; insulin-dependent
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The age at diagnosis, sex, and the date of both the diagnosis (month — year) and the onset of symptoms of 525 insulin-dependent diabetic patients, under 30 years of age at the time of diagnosis, were collected retrospectively from hospital records. The patients came from Chilean cities located in the Central Zone: Santiago (87%) and Temuco — Concepcion (13%). The age at diagnosis showed a bimodal distribution up to 19 years of age, with the main peak at 12 years and another at 6 years. The female peak preceded the male peak by 1 to 2 years. The onset of symptoms showed a seasonal variation, with the highest frequency in winter and the lowest in spring (P〈0.01). There was also a significant variation in the time of diagnosis, especially in the 0–19 age group: most cases were diagnosed in winter (June, July) with the lowest number in summer (December).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Prediabetic ; standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) ; intravenous tolbutamide test (ITT) ; rapid intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) ; blood sugar ; immunoreactive insulin (IRI) ; non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) ; blunted insulin release ; early insulin response phase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Vingt-deux sujets non-obèses, génétiquement prédiabétiques (issus de deux parents diabétiques) ont été comparés à 34 sujets normaux de même âge et de même poids, en ce qui concerne leur réponse à trois stimuli standardisés: test de tolérance au glucose oral (avec 100 g de glucose), test de tolérance au tolbutamide intraveineux (1 g) et rapide infusion intraveineuse de glucose (0.33 g/kg de poids corporel). La glycémie, l'insuline immunoréactive et les acides gras non-estérifLés (NEFA) ont été mesurés dans les deux groupes à l'état de jeûne et à différents intervalles de temps au cours de chacun des trois tests.-Les résultats n'ont montré de différence significative ni dans la tolérance aux hydrates de carbone, ni dans le comportement des taux de NEFA entre les sujets normaux et les prédiabétiques, à aucun moment au cours des tests choisis. Les taux à jeun d'insuline plasmatique immunoréactive étaient également étroitement comparables dans les deux groupes; ni la charge orale de glucose, ni l'injection intraveineuse de tolbutamide ne provoquait une libération d'insuline significativement différente chez les sujets normaux et les prédiabétiques. Cependant, la rapide infusion intraveineuse de glucose provoquait une sécrétion d'insuline nettement diminuée dans le groupe prédiabétique qui était plutôt limitée à la phase de réponse très précoce.-Nos résultats confirment fortement l'idée qu'une capacité diminuée à sécréter de l'insuline sous l'influence du stimulus spécifique constitué par la charge brutale de glucose intraveineux est un trait plutôt caractéristique de la cellule bêta pancréatique chez ces sujets qui sont fortement prédisposés au diabète sucré.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Reaktion von 22 normalgewichtigen genetischen Prädiabetikern, deren beide Elternteile Diabetiker waren, wurde mit der von 34 stoffwechselgesunden Freiwilligen entsprechenden Alters und Gewichtes verglichen. Als standardisierte Stimulationsmethoden dienten: der orale Glucosetoleranztest (100 g Glucose), der i.v. Tolbutamid-Toleranztest (1 g) und die schnelle i.v. Injektion von 0.33 g Glucose/kg Körpergewicht. Die Spiegel des Blutzuckers, des immunreaktiven Insulins und der unveresterten Fettsäuren (NEFA) wurden bei beiden Gruppen im Nüchternzustand und zu verschiedenen Zeiten während der 3 Tests bestimmt.-Die Resultate zeigten keine signifikanten Unterschiede in bezug auf die Kohlenhydrat-Toleranz und das Verhalten der NEFA zu irgend einem Zeitpunkt der benutzten Tests bei Normalpersonen und Prädiabetikern. Bei enger Übereinstimmung der Nüchternspiegel des plasma-immunreaktiven Insulins fanden sich auch keine signifikanten Unterschiede in der Ausschüttung nach oraler Glucosegabe oder i.v. Tolbutamidinjektion. Dagegen ergab sich nach schneller i.v. Glucoseinjektion eine deutlich verringerte Insulinfreisetzung bei der Gruppe der Prädiabetiker, die sich jedoch auf die Frühphase beschränkte. — Unsere Resultate sprechen durchaus dafür, daß eine verringerte Kapazität zur Ihsulinausschüttung nach dem spezifischen Reiz der i.v. Glucosebelastung ein Charakteristikum der Pankreas-β-Zelle der Menschen darstellt, die zum Diabetes mellitus prädisponiert sind.
    Notes: Summary Twenty-two non-obese genetic prediabetics (offspring with both parents diabetic) were compared with 34 normal volunteers, closely matched by age and weight, in their response to three standardized stimuli: oral glucose tolerance test (with 100 g of glucose), intravenous tolbutamide tolerance test (1 g) and rapid intravenous glucose infusion (0.33 g/kg body weight). Blood sugar, immunoreactive insulin and non-esterified fatty acids (N.E.F.A.) were estimated in both groups in the fasting state and at different time intervals during each of the three tests. — Results showed no significant differences (either in carbohydrate tolerance or in the behaviour of the N.E.F.A. levels) between normals and prediabetics at any time in the course of the selected tests. Plasma immunoreactive insulin fasting levels were also closely comparable in both groups, no significantly different insulin release in normals and prediabetics being elicited either by the oral glucose load or by the intravenous tolbutamide injection. However, the rapid intravenous glucose infusion brings about a markedly diminished insulin secretion in the prediabetic group limited to the very early response phase. — Our results strongly support the idea that an impaired ability to secrete insulin under the specific stimulus of the intravenous glucose is a distinguishing feature of the pancreatic beta cell in those humans pre-disposed to diabetes mellitus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 378-379 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 9 (1973), S. 50-52 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Normal group ; Down's syndrome ; mongoloid patients ; Oral glucose tolerance test ; Intravenous glucose tolerance test ; Blood glucose ; Immunoreactive insulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Insulin secretion after oral (100 g) and i.v. glucose (0.33 g/kg b.w.) was studied in 14 patients with 21-trisomy (Down's syndrome) and in 18 normal subjects. Plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI), fasting and at predetermined time intervals during each glucose load, was measured by a double antibody method (Hales-Randle). Tolerance to oral glucose in Down's patients was found to be normal though a flat, late peaked glycaemic response was characteristic of the group. Fasting IRI and insulin levels after oral glucose in patients did not significantly differ from those in the normal group. After i.v. glucose, the patients showed a slower decline of the blood sugar, maintaining significantly higher levels than the normals at 30, 40, 50 and 60 min after the glucose load. However, the peripheral glucose uptake expressed by the K index (Conard) did not significantly differ from the normal despite the lower K values in the patients. Insulin release after i.v. glucose showed some differences between both groups. — The present study cannot support a causal relationship between D.M. and the 21-trisomy through an altered insulin secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; HLA-DQα ; Arg 52 ; HLA-DQβ non-Asp 57 ; Spain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary HLA-DQ α and β alleles were chosen as the most sensitive Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus susceptibility markers for evaluating the disease associations and Type 1 diabetes risk in a population-based registry from Madrid. The absence of aspartic acid in position 57 of the DQ β chain (non-Asp 57), and the presence of arginine in position 52 of the DQ a chain (Arg 52) were found to be reliable markers of Type 1 diabetes susceptibility among the Spanish population, with significantly higher frequencies among the cases of Type 1 diabetes compared to randomly selected non-diabetic control subjects from the general Madrid population. While non-Asp 57 homozygosity conferred an absolute risk of 32.3 per 100,000 per year and Arg 52 of 31.5 per 100,000 per year, the risk for double homozygotes for both non-Asp 57 and Arg 52 was estimated as 101.7 per 100,000 per year. Individuals homozygous for only one of these alleles, and heterozygous at the other locus, had a markedly lower Type 1 diabetes risk (12.8 per 100,000 per year), approximating the general population incidence for Madrid. Thus, susceptibility to Type 1 diabetes in Spanish patients is associated, quantitatively, with non-Asp 57 DQ β and Arg 52 DQ α alleles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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