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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 4740-4754 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Shoulders have been observed in the measured semilogarithmic current-voltage (I–V) characteristics of high-efficiency passivated emitter and rear locally diffused silicon (Si) solar cells. An improved understanding is given of the mechanism proposed to cause these nonideal I–V curves. It is shown that this mechanism is due to the electrostatic behavior of free carriers at the Si/SiO2 interface of oxidized Si devices in which the Si adjacent to the oxide is depleted (or in some cases, inverted) at equilibrium, and results in saturation of the surface recombination rate. Two-dimensional numerical computer simulations are used to investigate this mechanism and its effect on cell performance. In addition, the simulations provide a means of estimating the extent to which lateral conduction in the rear surface channel also contributes to the observed recombination saturation in these cells. It is shown that ohmic limitation of lateral conduction occurs, however, the lateral current flows are negligible in comparison to the recombination currents due to the former mechanism. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 7920-7930 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The principle of superposition forms the theoretical basis on which the comparison of illuminated and dark current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of solar cells depends. Two cases predicted from computer simulations where the superposition principle does not apply in silicon p-n junction solar cells are reported. These predictions are confirmed experimentally with measurements taken on existing high-efficiency devices, and cannot be accurately described by previous explanations for departures from this principle. The first case, which is the more important in terms of operation under 1 sun illumination, occurs in cells where recombination via defect levels (Shockley–Read–Hall recombination) with unequal electron and hole capture rates dominates the I-V characteristics. The second case is evident at small forward voltages in almost all silicon solar cells. It is shown that the former is due to a saturation in the recombination rate, while the latter is the result of a bias-dependent modification of the carrier concentrations across the p-n junction depletion region which is different under illumination from that in the dark. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 9 (1979), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Water currents in an hydraulic model have been determined by means of a photogrammetric method of detecting the movement of tethered buoys. Single vertical photographs, taken by a non-metric camera, have been analysed to produce the required differential measurements. The use of a non-metric camera is justified by an analysis of the errors involved and a consideration of the requisite type of measurements.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉RésuméUne méthode photogrammétrique a été mise au point pour déterminer par mesures différentielles sur un modèle hydraulique les mouvements de bouées en vue d'étudier les courants; seules des photos verticales isolées sont prises, avec une camera non métrique, ici largement suffisante pour l'exactitude requise.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉ZusammenfassungBestimmung der Wasserströmungen in einem hydraulischen Modell durch photogrammetrische Ermittlung der Bewegung von verankerten Bojen. Einzeine Steilbilder, die mit einer Amateurkamera aufgenommen wurden, dienten zur Ableitung der geforderten Differenzen-Messungen. Die Verwendung einer Amateurkamera wird durch eine Analyse der auftretenden Fehler und eine Betrachtung der geforderten Messungswerte gerechtfertigt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric anesthesia 2 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-9592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The peri-operative management of a neonate with type IV laryngotracheoesophageal cleft, microgastria and pulmonary hypoplasia is described. Bronchoscopy was necessary to delineate the extent of the defect and was useful for performing selective endobronchial intubation. Chronic aspiration and atelectasis complicated the post-operative management. Endobronchial intubation is compared with the use of a double lumen tube and tracheostomy for intra-operative ventilation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 21.10.−k ; 25.40.Lw ; 27.80,+w
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Gamma rays of199Au obtained after double neutron capture in197Au were measured at the ILL high flux reactor. A level scheme up to 1770 keV excitation energy is established. The result is compared with IBFM and Boson-Fermion-Symmetry calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 344 (1992), S. 35-39 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 27.60 ; 21.10 ; 23.20.C
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The level scheme of138Xe has been elucidated byγ-γ directional correlations and coincidences followingβ-decay of138I. The138I was produced by the neutron induced fission of235U, in the online thermal fissionproduct mass-separator, OSTIS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 338 (1991), S. 371-387 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 21.10.Ma ; 23.20.Lv ; 25.40.Lw ; 27.40.+ z
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The gamma-ray spectra emitted after thermal neutron capture in highly enriched50V andnatV targets have been studied using in-pile targets at the ILL high flux reactor and pair and germanium detectors. The neutron binding energies in51V and52V were determined to beB n (51V)=11051.11(17) keV andB n (52V)=7311.22(26) keV. The thermal neutron capture cross-section in50V was measured to be 21 −2 +4 b. From 724 lines attributed to51V, 330 transitions, comprising 90% of theγ-ray flux, were placed into the level scheme. Fifty-nine primary dipole transitions from the 11/2+ or 13/2+ capture states in51V were established from which the E1 strength distribution was deduced. The energy scaling of these primary transitions was found to follow the E1-giant dipole resonance dominance. Many new levels were established; a number of states proposed in previous (d,p) and (n,γ) work were confirmed from their primary population and decaying secondary radiations. The density of levels in the high spin (9/2≦I≦15/2) region was parametrized with the Fermi gas model. The spin distributions of51V were analyzed and a spin cut-off parameter σ=2.8 (3) was deduced. — A nearly complete level scheme of52V up to 3.5 MeV excitation and similar results concerning the level density and the primary γ-ray spectrum were obtained in the51V (n, γ)52V study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 338 (1991), S. 397-404 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 21.60.Cs ; 23.20.Ck ; 25.40.Lw
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The GRID-method has been used to measure the lifetimes of ten excited states in59, 61, 63Ni following thermal neutron capture in Ni targets of natural isotopic composition. Four of the lifetimes have been determined for the first time, the other six lifetimes can be compared with the results of conventional DSA-measurements following charged particle induced reactions. Cascade feeding effects have been included in the analysis. Level energies and electromagnetic properties of negative parity states in59Ni have been compared with the results of shell model calculations in 3p0h and 4p 1h model spaces. Statistical model estimates of the lifetimes as function of excitation energy and spin are also given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hyperfine interactions 75 (1992), S. 533-542 
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Using high resolution gamma spectroscopy it is possible to observe Doppler broadening of gamma transitions from excited states which have themselves been populated after emission of gamma photons or other low energy nuclear radiation. This allows the determination of the lifetimes of these intermediate states, providing the time dependence of the recoil velocities is known. Conversely, if the lifetime is well known, this technique may be used to study the recoil process itself (and hence the atomic interaction) at energies of only a few times the lattice binding energy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hyperfine interactions 16 (1983), S. 979-981 
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Performance figures are given for the elements of this combined accelerator, separator, dilution refrigerator facility which will give its first fully on-line results in the near future.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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