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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Langmuir 8 (1992), S. 104-108 
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental geology 34 (1998), S. 257-269 
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Key words Colloids ; Particle size distribution ; Karstic aquifer ; Analytical techniques ; Bacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Colloids are known to transport contaminants over long distances in natural media. Despite this potentially harmful effect, very few studies have been undertaken in subsurface aquifers. This paper presents the first results of a study of natural colloids and particles in a karstic aquifer. The site was chosen for its coverage by clay layers and peat which deliver various and numerous particle types in water. The methodological part describes three methods used for size determination and sample fractionation of surface water and spring water. These methods have been adapted for the treatment of multiple samples due to the rapid discharge variation typical of karstic aquifers. The analysis of many particle size distributions (PSD) shows that they can be described by a Pareto law. The variation of the slope of the PSD at the spring is mainly dependent on discharge. This behavior is interpreted as a washing of the karstic drains during the first phase of high flow events. Fractionation of the samples allowed application of various characterization techniques to particle size classes. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed that most of the mineral particles originated from Quaternary deposits and limestones. However the use of scanning electron micrsocopy with energy-dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) detailed the composition of individual particles and revealed particles not found by XRD. These techniques also showed the high complexity of the natural particles and the important place of coprecipitation in their formation. Consequences on the fluxes of particulate matter and its potential role as a carrier of contaminants are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: Neuroectodermal tumor—Kidney.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Malignant peripheral neuroectodermal tumors (MPNETs) are primitive neuroblastic tumors that arise, unlike neuroblastomas, outside the autonomic nervous system. A renal origin has been described in very few cases. Case report: We report the case of a young male patient with a large MPNET of the right kidney, studied with ultrasound and computed tomography before surgical resection. The main radiologic features, the microscopic appearance and the typical immunohistochemical findings, are described and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: Magnetic resonance imaging—Crohn disease—Crohn disease activity.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in evaluating Crohn disease (CD) activity. The intestinal inflammatory activity is usually present in patients under pharmacologic treatment, despite their clinical remission. Methods: Twenty patients with CD, all under pharmacologic treatment, were prospectively studied by MRI at 1.5 T as a periodic control. Positivity of three acute-phase reactants was considered an index of biologic activity (BA). T2-weighted, T2-weighted fat-suppressed turbo spin-echo, and breath-hold T1-weighted turbo field-echo sequences, before and after gadolinium intravenous injection, were obtained. A negative superparamagnetic contrast agent was orally administered. The following MRI parameters were qualitatively evaluated by three radiologists at the level of the affected bowel and compared with clinical data: wall thickness (WT), wall T2-weighted signal (T2W), wall contrast enhancement (WE), amount of fibrofatty proliferation (FP), and T2-weighted signal of fibrofatty proliferation on fat-suppressed images (T2FP). The κ coefficient of agreement was calculated. The Spearman rank correlation was used for the analysis of clinical and radiologic data. Results: Nineteen of 20 patients were in clinical remission (Crohn Disease Activity Index 〈 150). On the basis of laboratory tests, nine of 20 patients had biologically active disease. An excellent correlation was found between BA and WE, T2W, and T2FP (0.900, 0.927 and 0.961, respectively; p 〈 0.0001), and a lower correlation was found between BA and WT and between BA and FP (0.78 and 0.62). Excellent statistical correlation was also found between WE and T2W and between WE and T2FP (0.876 and 0.892). Conclusions: An excellent statistical correlation was found between biologically “active” disease and the following MRI parameters: wall gadolinium enhancement, wall hyperintensity on T2-weighted fat-suppressed images, and hyperintensity of fibrofatty proliferation on T2-weighted fat-suppressed images. Therefore, MRI can be valuable in assessing CD activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Groundwater ; Porous aquifer ; Heterogeneous ; Biological tracers ; Bacteriophage ; Fluorescent dye ; Naphthionate ; Electromagnetic survey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract This article presents an example of a tracing experiment using two bacteriophages, T7 and f1, and a fluorescent dye (naphthionate), in a saturated porous environment. The test field was equipped with an injection borehole and 22 sampling piezometers set in three concentric half-circles. The distribution of permeabilities and the thickness of the aquifer were indirectly determined by Radio-Magneto-Tellury (RMT, 12–240 kHz). The results reveal a good correlation between the distribution of permeabilities obtained by RMT and the breakthrough curves and speed of migration of all three tracers. The restitution levels are far superior (by two to three orders of magnitude) in the more permeable zones, as opposed to those observed in th piezometers situated in less permeable areas. The speed of migration of the biological tracers is much greater than that of the naphthionate. In the most extreme case, the T7 bacteriophage migrated about 3.15 times faster than the chemical solution. These results indicate that bacteriophages are able to travel considerable distances along permeable gravel channels. They may be used as biological tracers and as models for the migration of pathogenic viruses. The simultaneous use of tracing techniques and appropriate geophysical methods leads to a better knowledge of the hydrogeological parameters of the underground terrain. This combination allows for a better interpretation both of the speeds of migration and of the maximal concentrations of the tracers, and thus considerably increases the interpretability of hydrogeological impact studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) ; Nitinol Strecker stents ; Metallic stent ; Interventional radiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of our study was to evaluate the performance and efficacy of a new self-expanding stent (nitinol Strecker stent) in the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure. We have successfully placed 64 nitinol Strecker stents in 48 patients. The average portosystemic gradient decreased from 22 to 11 mm Hg. Balloon dilatation was necessary in 12 of 35 angiographically controlled cases at 5 days (34%), because of incomplete stent expansion, small thrombi within the stent or obstruction. At 1–6 months stent malfunctions occurred in 8 of 23 patients who underwent control angiography (34%) and at 6–24 months in 6 of 7 patients (85%). Rebleeding occurred in 2 of 39 patients (follow-up 〉 1 month) (5%) and temporary crises of de novo encephalopathy were observed in 11 of 48 patients (23%). Refractory ascites completely resolved in 4 of 6 patients (66%) and improved in the remaining 2 cases. Compared with other self-expanding stents, nitinol Strecker stents seem to be equally effective in TIPS; no increase in complication rate was observed, either clinical or stent-related.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 7 (1997), S. 1398-1409 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: CT ; US ; Small bowel neoplasms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Small bowel (SB) neoplasms are very rare tumours, but are still associated with high mortality rates, since the tumour-related symptoms occur late and are non-specific. In addition, endoscopy is not feasible in most cases, and radiological contrast studies do not reach the high accuracy obtained in the evaluation of upper and lower gastrointestinal tract. Cross-sectional imaging, and particularly CT, is becoming increasingly relevant in the diagnosis of these tumours. Both US and CT allow tumour detection, even when performed on an emergency basis, and are capable of showing the lesion as well as possible complications. Moreover, CT offers the possibility of a preoperative staging by evaluating tumour extension through the bowel wall, lymph node involvement and possible metastases. Finally, in most cases a direct correlation between cross-sectional findings and histology can be found, thus permitting tumour characterisation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Mother-to-child transmission ; HIV-1 ; IgA antibodies ; Peptide-ELISA ; Time-resolved fluoro-immunoassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The presence of specific IgA antibodies in sera from 25 infants born to HIV-1 seropositive mothers was investigated by peptide-ELISA and peptide time-resolved fluoro-immunoassay (TR-FIA). The infants had been monitored at different times after birth for clinical signs and/or symptoms of HIV-1 infection and for detection of HIV-1 in lymphocyte cultures. Serum samples had also been tested for HIV-1 IgG antibodies by commercial ELISA and Western blot and for p24 antigen. Eleven of 25 children were then identified as infected. IgA detection was performed after rProtein G treatment to remove interfering IgG. In the infected group, IgA specific antibodies to a synthetic peptide representing a highly conserved region of the transmembrane glycoprotein gp41 (env: 594–613) were detected in 27 (73%) out of 37 serum samples (9 of 11 children) by the peptide-ELISA test. IgA specific antibodies to the same peptide were found in 30 (81%) sera (9 of 11 children) by the peptide-TR-FIA. Specific HIV-1 IgA antibodies were detected as early as 2 months of age in serum samples from five out of seven children (71% sensitivity) using peptide-ELISA and from six out of seven (86% sensitivity) by peptide-TR-FIA. Conversely, IgA specific antibodies to HIV-1 were absent in two infected children as well as in the sera of all uninfected children tested during the follow up period. Since maternal IgA does not cross the placenta, IgA detection in the serum of the infant is indicative of HIV-1 infection. Indeed, the early demonstration of HIV-1 IgA antibodies in infected infants shows that both peptide-ELISA and peptide-TR-FIA can be used for an early diagnosis of HIV-1 infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Human immunodeficiency virus ; Antiretroviral drug therapy ; Prophylactic drug therapy ; Management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Although a range of antiretroviral drugs are available for use in children, the appropriate paediatric regimen remains unclear. In a survey to investigate policies and practices relating to the therapeutic management of children infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a postal questionnaire was sent to a named paediatrician in 70 major HIV centres in 13 European countries in early 1998. A total of 64 paediatricians (91%) responded. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis was found to be routine in all centres, although considerable variation existed regarding the time of starting and stopping therapy. Prophylaxis for fungal infections and recurrent bacterial infections was common, with cytomegalovirus prophylaxis being less frequent. Although most centres (89%) used all five currently available nucleoside analogues (ziduvodine, lamivudine, stavudine, didanosine, zalcitabine), there was considerable variability regarding the availability of protease inhibitors. Most respondents delayed initiation of antiretroviral therapy until evidence of disease progression was apparent. The initial prescription of 38% of clinicians was triple therapy and that of 57% prescribed double therapy. Policies varied regarding the modification to regimens in response to disease progression and emergence of side effects and drug resistance. Clinical practice was informed by a number of sources, including centre-specific and national guidelines. Most respondents affirmed the need for European guidelines. Conclusion Approaches to the therapeutic management of paediatric human immunodeficiency virus infection differ across Europe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    USA/Oxford, UK : American Association for the Study of Headache/Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cephalalgia 15 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-2982
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We report the case of a 23-year-old woman who presented with migraine-like symptoms and was found to have a spinal arteriovenous malformation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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