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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assignment of bitter almond oil to natural and synthetic sources by stable isotope ratio analysis (1989)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 37 (1989), S. 410-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00086a030
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlations of carbon isotope ratios of wine ingredients for the improved detection of adulterations I. Organic acids and ethanol (1997)
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung 205 (1997), S. 158-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1431-4630
    Keywords: Key words Adulteration ; Carbon-13 ; Citric acid ; Ethanol ; Malic acid ; Tartaric acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  The δ13C-values of organic acids and their correlations to those of the sugar and ethanol, respectively, from 57 EU data bank wines of the Rheinpfalz area (years 1991 – 1993) and from some of their corresponding musts have been determined. In addition to the well established difference between fermented sugar and ethanol (Δδ13C = –1.7±0.2‰), a new constant correlation was found in wine for ethanol and citric acid (Δδ13C = +2.4±0.4‰). From this result a fixed δ-value difference for citric acid in wine to the fermented sugar of +0.7±0.6‰ can be deduced. The δ13C-values of L-malic acid and L-tartaric acid in must were not altered by the alcoholic fermentation; they should therefore directly provide access to the δ13C-value of the natural sugar in must. However, in non-adulterated wines the expected δ13C-value differences between these acids and ethanol showed unsatisfactory correlation coefficients. For L-malate this is attributed to the secondary (partial) degradation of this acid by the malolactic fermentation; a corresponding correction is envisaged in order to make L-malate available as an internal standard. As a reason for the unsatisfactory correlation between L-tartaric acid and ethanol, it is supposed that the time of its maximum biosynthesis period does not coincide with that of glucose in the grape ripening period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002170050145
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stable oxygen isotope content of water of EU data-bank wines from Italy, France and Germany (1999)
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung 208 (1999), S. 400-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1431-4630
    Keywords: Key words Wine ; Oxygen isotopes ; Adulteration control ; Origin assignment ; European Union data bank
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  The application of oxygen isotope analysis to wine water (according to EU regulation no. 822/97) to determine a wine's origin, and check that it has not been adulterated is gaining increasing importance in both laboratories and industry. Using samples of Italian, French and German wines from the EU wine data bank (EU-DB), good agreement between the results from participating laboratories was demonstrated. Close correlations between the oxygen isotope contents of must and related wine water were found for samples from all countries. Based on the results of the δ18O values for EU-DB wines from 1991 to 1996 from Italy, France and Germany, we describe and discuss the main factors which are responsible for the variation of the oxygen isotope ratios of wine water. The examination of spiked samples demonstrated the usefulness of δ18O analysis for the detection of the watering down of wine. The possibility of origin assignment, preferably if the determination of the δ18O value by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) is employed together with the determination of the site-specific hydrogen isotope content of wine ethanol by 2H-NMR and the measurement of δ13C values of ethanol by IRMS, is outlined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002170050437
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multielement stable isotope ratio analysis of glycerol to determine its origin in wine (1998)
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung 207 (1998), S. 237-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1431-4630
    Keywords: Key words 2H-Nuclear magnetic resonance ; 13C ; 18O-Isotope ratio mass spectrometry ; Glycerol ; Origin assignment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  The adulteration of wine with glycerol is considered to be a problem in European wine-producing countries. The latest control methods are mainly based on the detection of impurities from commercial products, but suffer from the raising efficiency of the purification processes. As there is little chance of being able to identify glycerol from different sources on the basis of a method which uses only one isotope, a multielement approach was tested. Glycerol from wine showed the lowest relative enrichment with D, mainly in position C-2, a relatively high 18O content, and very negative δ13C values, which significantly correlated with those of ethanol from the same wines. The isotopic data of glycerol samples from different sources were in agreement with those given by indices of origin (impurities). These data allowed us to identify the origin of these glycerol samples, i.e. whether they were produced industrially or synthesised by animals or plants. Glycerol of plant origin was most similar to glycerol found in wine. The combination of several isotopic data by discriminance analysis yielded clusters of data obtained from glycerol samples of similar origin. Taking into account the characteristics of possible mixtures, proof that wine has been adulterated depends on the origin and isotope levels of the added compound. This study showed that it is possible to prove that wine has been adulterated with glycerol from other sources when the latter is present at a concentration of 15% of the total glycerol content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002170050325
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of carbon-13 content of sugars of fruit and vegetable juices - A European inter-laboratory comparison
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytica Chimica Acta 271 (1993), S. 31-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-2670
    Keywords: Carbon-13 ; Collaborative studies ; Fruit juices ; Mass spectrometry ; Sugars ; Vegetable juices
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0003-2670(93)80548-Y
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The potential of multielement stable isotope analysis for regional origin assignment of butter (2000)
    Springer
    European food research and technology 211 (2000), S. 32-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Keywords: Key words Butter ; Regional origin ; Multielement stable isotope ratios ; Mass spectrometry ; Dairy products
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Regional origin assignment of highly valuable milk products such as butter, is of considerable importance for legal, fiscal and trade controls within the European Union (EU). It is also of value for ensuring fair competition and as a means of protecting consumers against fraud due to mislabelling. Conventional chemical methods of analysis are not able to determine the regional provenance of butter unambiguously. Therefore, stable isotope ratio determinations of the light elements (C,N,O,S; bioelements) and the heavy element, Sr (a trace element), have been used for this purpose. Stable isotope ratios of these elements in natural cycles, their variations due to climate and geology, the abiotic and biological fractionation of isotopes and, finally, the reasons for regional differences in multielement stable isotope ratios of butter are discussed. Results are given for butter from several European countries and from outside the EU. The results indicate that stable isotope ratios and subsequent discriminant analysis based on data for samples of certified origin can enable the reliable detection of the regional provenance of butter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002170050585
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Artificial construction of a functional vagina for congenital vaginal aplasia or colpectomy (1999)
    Springer
    Der Gynäkologe 32 (1999), S. 130-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0393
    Keywords: Key words Congenital vaginal aplasia • Rokitansky-Küster syndrome • New vagina • Sigmoid neovagina • Cecum neovagina ; Schlüsselwörter Kongenitale Scheidenaplasie • Rokitansky-Küster Syndrom • Neo-Vagina • Darmscheide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Scheidenneubildung ist häufig notwendig, wenn durch kongenitale Scheidenfehl- oder -mißbildung, nach operativer Therapie oder nach der Strahlentherapie eine funktionsfähige Scheide fehlt. Die verschiedenen operativen Techniken zur Scheidenrekonstruktion und Scheidenneubildung (Dehnung oder Zug an der rudimentären Scheide, Hauttransplantation, Muskulokutane Lappen, Darmscheide) werden ausführlich dargestellt, die Vor- und Nachteile beschreiben und die Besonderheiten der einzelnen Techniken durch eigene Erfahrung ergänzt.
    Notes: Summary The creation of new vagina is usually necessary in cases of congenital vaginal aplasia or in cases of destruction or removal of the vagina because of malignant disease (surgery, radiotherapy). Different new vagina and reconstructive surgical procedures are compared in detail (distension of the rudimental vaginal pouch, skin transplantation, musculocutaneous flap, sigmoid or cecum neovagina), and the selection of different surgical techniques is guided by personal experience.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00003208
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isotope ratio mass spectrometry: Analysis of wines from different european countriesPresented at the 11th Annual Meeting of the French Mass Spectrometry Society, held at Rouen, 20-22 September 1994. (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 8 (1994), S. 967-970 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Natural stable isotope ratios for carbon, hydrogen and oxygen depend on the origin of the studied chemical compound. Such a precept is the basis of the control of the authenticity of food and especially alcoholic beverages. 13C/12C analysis of ethanol as well as 18O/16O determination of water contained in wines from different European countries underline the importance of the photosynthetic pathway as well as of the environmental and climatological conditions of the vine. Interesting results in agreement with isotopic fractionation rules for the geographical origin of the samples were obtained. That encouraged us to propose the establishment of a database for isotopic parameters in wines.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290081212
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolierung und Identifizierung von 6-Hydroxymethyllumazm aus Spinat (1968)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 238 (1968), S. 42-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00509335
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