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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 95 (1973), S. 926-927 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 52 (1996), S. 302-303 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Conclusions In attempting to improve the sensitivity of MAV PCR for blood, we have evaluated a new DNA extraction method exploiting the high resistance of mycobacteria to chemical and physical agents. Our experiments indicate that pretreatment of the blood sample using proteolysis and a detergent partially eliminates contaminating human DNA (up to 40%) and may contribute to removing inhibitors. Although the method produces a crude DNA preparation, inclusion of a chloroform extraction step combined with the above mentioned pretreatment makes further purification unnecessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 48 (1999), S. 267-283 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Arzneimittelinteraktionen sind aufgrund der Polymedikation vor allem der älteren Bevölkerung bei hospitalisierten Patienten häufig und oft mit unerwünschten Nebenwirkungen behaftet. Im Rahmen einer Allgemeinanästhesie kommen eine Reihe sehr potenter Wirkstoffe mit zum Teil geringer therapeutischer Breite zur Anwendung. Um unerwünschte Arzneimittelinteraktionen zu vermeiden, muß eine gezielte Medikamentenanamnese erhoben werden und das Spektrum der Interaktionen mit den in der perioperativen Phase verwendeten Substanzen bekannt sein. Nur wenige der dauerhaft von den Patienten eingenommenen Medikamente müssen vor einer Narkose abgesetzt werden. Dazu zählen MAO-Hemmer der 1. Generation, lang wirkende ACE-Hemmer, wenn mit erheblichen Volumenverlusten gerechnet wird, Thrombozytenaggregationshemmer bei geplanter rückenmarknaher Regionalanästhesie, lang wirkende Sulfonylharnstoff-Antidiabetika und das orale Antidiabetikum Metformin. Meist kann durch Modifikation der Narkoseführung die Vormedikation berücksichtigt und dadurch entweder kritische Kombinationen von Substanzen oder unerwünschte Wirkungen vermieden werden. Dies gelingt um so leichter, da die meisten in der Anästhesie eingesetzten Medikamente ohnehin nach ihrer Wirkung dosiert werden. Oft birgt gerade das präoperative Absetzen der Dauertherapie die eigentlichen Gefahren: dies gilt insbesondere für die Behandlung mit β-Blockern, Antihypertensiva, Nitraten, Antiarrhythmika, bestimmten Psychopharmaka und die medikamentöse Behandlung des Morbus Parkinson. Bei perioperativ eingeschränkten Organfunktionen kann der Serumspiegel von Substanzen mit geringer therapeutischerBreite (Digitalis, Theophyllin, Antiepileptika, Lithium, Aminoglykoside) bestimmt werden. Etwa 10% der mitteleuropäischen Bevölkerung weisen genetisch determinierte Enzymdefekte des Cytochrom P450-Systems auf, die eine verlangsamte Metabolisierung auch perioperativ eingesetzter Arzneimittel zur Folge haben. Nur wenig bekannt ist über Medikamenteninteraktionen bei Therapie mit zahlreichen hochpotenten Medikamenten im Bereich der Intensivmedizin und gleichzeitiger Multiorgandysfunktion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Gesamteiweiß ; Albumin ; Hypoalbuminämie ; Intensivpatienten ; Key words Total protein ; Hypoalbuminaemia ; Critically ill patients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract In clinical practice, the administration of supplementary albumin often depends on the measured plasma concentration of total protein (TPC). A TPC of less than 5 g/dl is generally accepted as an indication for albumin therapy, assuming an albumin concentration of less than 2.5 g/dl. However, a physiological relation between TPC and albumin cannot be expected in critically ill patients, and thus, measurement of TPC may be misleading as an indicator for the use of albumin. Therefore, we investigated the sensitivity and specificity of TPC testing for diagnosing hypoalbuminaemia requiring treatment. Methods. In this prospective study, 210 consecutive patients were included. Protein electrophoresis was performed three times a week; the second electrophoresis was selected for evaluation. Applied statistical analysis revealed the number of positive total protein tests indicating hypalbuminaemia requiring treatment (sensitivity) and the number of negative with tolerably reduced albumin concentrations (specificity). Results. Of the investigated patients, 27.6% had normal TPCs between 6.2 and 8.0 g/dl. In 81.9% of cases an albumin concentration below 3.5 g/dl was found, while 43 patients had a concentration below 2.5 g/dl. The sensitivity and specificity of TPC measurement for the diagnosis of clinically relevant hypoalbuminaemia (albumin concentration 〈2.5 g/dl) was calculated at different cutoff points for total protein. With a TPC of 6.0 g/dl, the sensitivity was 0.96 and the specificity 0.44. With a cutoff point of 5.0 g/dl, the sensitivity was reduced to 0.65 and specificity increased to 0.86. Finally, with a TPC of 4.0 g/dl sensitivity was 0.25 and specificity almost 1. Conclusions. Depending on the cutoff point for TPC, a relevant albumin requirement would frequently not be detected. In other cases, a need for albumin would be assumed from a reduced TPC even though the albumin concentration still exceeded 2.5 g/dl. Therefore, determination of TPC is not a suitable indicator of the need for albumin replacement. As a result, we suggest routine determination of albumin concentrations instead of TPC.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In der klinischen Routine wird die Substitution von Humanalbumin häufig von der Gesamteiweißkonzentration abhängig gemacht, obwohl ein konstantes Verhältnis beider Variablen nicht immer zu erwarten ist. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurde die Sensitivität und Spezifität der Gesamteiweißbestimmung im Hinblick auf einen therapiebedürftigen Albuminmangel bei Intensivpatienten untersucht. Als Ergebnis zeigte sich, daß die Bestimmung der Gesamteiweißkonzentration mit erheblichen Fehleinschätzungen der Albuminkonzentration verbunden ist. Bei einer Interventionsschwelle von 5,00 g/dl Gesamteiweiß betrug die Sensitivität 0,64 und die Spezifität 0,86. Dagegen betrug bei einer Gesamteiweißkonzentration von 4,00 g/dl die Sensitivität nur noch 0,25, die Spezifität jedoch annähernd 1. Abhängig von der variablen Interventionsschwelle bezüglich der Gesamteiweißkonzentration wird einerseits ein relevanter Albuminbedarf häufig nicht erkannt. Andererseits kann in einigen Fällen eine unnötige Substitution erfolgen. Daher ist der Gesmteiweißtest zur Indikationsstellung der Albuminsubstitution nicht geeignet. Die direkte Bestimmung der Albuminkonzentration ist kostengünstig und routinemäßig durchführbar und sollte im Sinne einer rationalen Diagnostik und Therapie den Gesamteiweißtest ersetzen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Using 45Ca incorporation into the coral skeleton as a measure of calcification rate, the effect of temperature on clacification rate was studied in the hermatypic coral Pocillopora damicornis. Both immediate and long-term (adaptation) effects were investigated. Temperature has a marked effect on rate — an effect that varies depending on the temperature history of the coral (i.e., temperature adaptation occurs). P. damicornis showed both 27° and 31°C temperature optima, one or the other being dominant depending on the natural water temperature to which the coral was adapted. The two optimum temperatures may indicate two isoenzymes or two alternate metabolic pathways involved in the calcification process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 52 (1979), S. 217-225 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between various experimental concentrations of CO2 and calcification in Bossiella orbigniana (Decaisne) was studied by measuring Ca-45 incorporation into the crystalline matrix. Air containing CO2 at partial pressures (PCO 2) of 0.04 to 5.5% was bubbled through synthetic seawater in incubation vessels. The resultant pH values in the presence of plants ranged from 6.5 to 8.7. The maximum calcification rate appears to lie between 0.11 and 1.05% PCO 2. The data suggest that calcification is controlled by a biological process that may be sensitive to pH and/or to the relative bicarbonate concentration. The data also suggest that a severalfold increase in CO2 over the present atmospheric level might lead to increased calcification in this marine alga.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 33 (1975), S. 85-91 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Laboratory 45Ca-incorporation rates in hermatypic coral skeletons have previously been used successfully as an index of physiological function. This laboratory method would become more meanigful if it also provided an absolute measure of coral growth rates. In two coral species, Porites compressa and Pocillopora damicornis, 45Ca incorporation rates were obtained from short (0.5 h) laboratory incubations using apical (determined as fast growing) portions of freshly collected coral branches. 45Ca exchange across the coenosarc was not significant and not corrected for, whereas diurnal fluctuation in 45Ca in Pocillopora damicornis was significant and a necessary correction. A calculated surface area is used to express calcification rate. Typical growth rates calculated from the 45Ca-incorporation rates were 20 and 6 mm/year for Porites compressa and Pocillopora damicornis, respectively. These rates are considerably higher than those previously obtained in the laboratory, and compare favorably with field growth rates — 24 and 14 mm/year, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 87 (1973), S. 259-275 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The afferent fiber of the ampullary electroreceptors in the catfishKryptopterus shows spontaneous activity, which is changed in response to electric stimulation of the receptor organ: impulse frequency is increased with anodal stimuli (i.e., current flowing through the organ from distal to proximal) and decreases with cathodal stimuli. 2. There is a channel of an especially good conductivity between the distal opening of the receptor organ and the interior of the afferent nerve fiber of this organ. 3. After 30 min application of 2 mM/l KCN solution and 150 min application of tap water the sensory cells can be removed; the residual organ (i.e., the afferent fiber alone) still shows spontaneous activity and some sensitivity to electrical stimuli. 4. The following hypothesis is proposed: In the intact organ the stimulus current is electrically conducted from the distal ampulla opening through the “sensory cells” and through the synapses into the interior of the afferent fiber; crossing the membrane from inside the fiber to outside the anodal stimulus current depolarizes, the cathodal stimulus hyperpolarizes the afferent fiber: this is the first step in triggering the afferent impulse frequency change. Thus, the so-called “sensory cells” are not receptor cells; they don't transform the stimulus, but only conduct it passively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Critical illness polyneuropathy ; Sepsis ; Multiple organ failure ; Immunoglobulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Objective: The evaluation of incidences and relating factors of severe persisting critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP) in survivors of multiple organ failure (MOF). Design: Prospective study with an entry period of 24 months. Electrophysiological studies for the diagnosis of CIP were performed 1 or 2 days before the patients were discharged from the intensive care unit (ICU). Factors which might have been related to the development of CIP were identified by a retrospective chart analysis. Setting: The interdisciplinary ICU of a university hospital. Patients: Thirty-three patients who survived MOF. Sixteen of these critically ill patients developed severe sepsis due to nosocomial infections with gram-negative bacteria. Results: In seven survivors of MOF and sepsis typical electrophysiological features of CIP, like spontaneous fibrillations and low compound muscle action potentials, were detectable at the time of discharge from the ICU. Seventeen patients with MOF following multiple trauma who developed no sepsis, and nine survivors of MOF with sepsis showed no signs of persisting CIP at the end of their ICU stay. Chart analysis revealed that eight survivors of MOF with sepsis and without the development of CIP had been treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) with a dosage of 0.3 g/kg per day for 3 days immediately (within 24 h) after the diagnosis of sepsis. Four out of seven patients with MOF and sepsis who developed CIP were transferred to our ICU after the onset of sepsis and had not received IVIG treatment. The IVIG treatment in three patients was delayed for more than 24 h after the diagnosis of sepsis and was then omitted. Obviously not related to the development of CIP were aminoglycoside antibiotics, steroids, nutritional disturbances and episodes of hypotension or hypoxia. Neuromuscular blocking agents were not used during intensive care treatment. Conclusions: A high incidence of severe CIP persisting until the day of discharge from the ICU was related to gram-negative sepsis but not to MOF alone. Retrospective chart analysis suggested that early application of IVIG may prevent or mitigate this severe complication. However, these results have to be confirmed in a prospective, placebo-controlled study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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