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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is localized in human dermal neurons and causes histamine release from skin mast cells (1998)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 47 (1998), S. 488-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Human — Immunohistochemistry — Mast cells — Microdialysis — Neuropeptides — Skin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objective and Design: Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide homologous with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) which is known to induce histamine release in human skin mast cells. PACAP has not been detected in human skin. The purposes of the study were to investigate the occurrence of PACAP in human skin and to evaluate the histamine releasing activity of the two common pro-PACAP products, PACAP-27 and PACAP-38.¶Material: Fourteen human surgical skin samples were obtained. PACAP and VIP were visualized by immunohistochemistry. A microdialysis technique was used to measure histamine release in intact skin samples following intradermal injections of the peptides.¶Results: PACAP and VIP were localized in dermal nerves in connection with sweat glands. Intradermal injection of 3 or 10 μm PACAP significantly released histamine. Kinetics of histamine release showed peak release 2–4 min after skin challenge. Ten μm of PACAP-27, VIP and somatostatin caused histamine release with similar efficacy, whereas PACAP-38 was less effective. Substance P was twice as efficient as PACAP-27, whereas calcitonin gene-related peptide did not release histamine.¶Conclusions: PACAP is found in human skin and is capable of releasing histamine from skin mast cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050363
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of histamine release from human lung tissue ex vivo by microdialysis technique (1998)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 47 (1998), S. 501-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Microdialysis — Lung mast cells — Histamine release — Anti-IgE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objective and Design: Currently no method is available for measurement of mediator release from intact human lung. In this study, a microdialysis technique was used to measure histamine release from mast cells in human lung tissue ex vivo.¶Material: Microdialysis fibers of 216 μm were inserted into lung tissue and perfused with Krebs Ringer buffer at a rate of 3 μl/min. After a 15 min period of steady-state perfusion, anti-IgE and vehicle were injected into the lung tissue above individual fibers. Samples from each fibre were collected for 20 min at 2 min intervals. Histamine was assayed fluorometrically.¶Results: Anti-IgE concentrations of 40–40,000 U/ml dose-dependently released histamine, significant histamine release being demonstrated with anti-IgE concentrations of 400 U/ml and greater. The kinetics of histamine release showed peak values 2–8 min after the injection. Great individual responses were observed but data could be reproduced within individual donors. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, a potent basophil secretagogue, did not induce histamine release in lung tissue which indicated mast cells to be the histamine source. Substance P did not release histamine in the lung tissue.¶Conclusions: The microdialysis technique allowed measurements of histamine release from mast cells in intact lung ex vivo. The method may prove useful since a number of experiments can be performed in a few hours in intact lung tissue without any dispersion or enzymatic treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050365
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased numbers of circulating basophils with decreased releasability after administration of rhG-CSF to allergic patients (1994)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 41 (1994), S. C24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Preliminary studies in hematological patients have indicated that treatment with rhG-CSF reduces basophil releasabilityex vivo. We examined this phenomenon further, in allergic patients. Ten patients with grass pollen rhinoconjunctivitis were given rhG-CSF (5 μg/kg/day s.c.) for 5 days, and examined before and after treatment. Basophil counts increased from 5 to 19×109/l (P〈0.01). Total blood histamine increased from 80 to 160 μg/l (P〈0.01), corresponding to a decrease in average basophil histamine content from 1.5 to 0.81 pg/cell (P〈0.01). Isolated mononuclear cells showed a significantly decreased histamine release (HR) when stimulated with A23187 and grass. Whole blood experiments showed a similar decreased HR to grass and anti-IgE (P〈0.01). However, we found an increase in total blood histamine. We conclude that treatment with rhG-CSF (1) increases the number of circulating blood basophils, (2) reduces the average histamine content per basophil, and (3) reduces the basophil releasability. These findings could be due to the mobilization of immature basophils from the bone marrow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02007750
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of salmeterol and salbutamol on mediator release and skin responses in immediate and late phase allergic cutaneous reactions (1999)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 48 (1999), S. 527-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Beta-adrenergic agonists — Immediate-type hypersensitivity — Inflammatory mediators — Leucocyte chemotaxis — Skin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Background: Salmeterol is a long-acting β 2-agonist which in animal studies has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory effects on early (EAR) and late (LPR) phase allergic responses.¶Purpose: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of intradermally injected salmeterol and salbutamol on clinical and biochemical EAR and LPR in human skin. ¶Methods: Measurement of wheal and flare reactions to allergen, codeine, and histamine, and LPR (induration) to allergen. Assessment of histamine and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) release by microdialysis technique in EAR, and measurement of mediators in LPR by suction blister technique. ¶Results: Both β 2-agonists inhibited allergen-induced histamine release and wheal and flare reactions with maximum inhibition of 40-50% at 10-6M, a concentration which reduced PGD2 synthesis by approximately 55%. Histamine release by codeine and skin reactions to codeine and histamine were not or only marginally reduced. Salmeterol and salbutamol (10-6M) inhibited clinical LPR at 6h by 71% and 48%, Except for the clinical LPR, no statistical differences were found between the two drugs on any parameters. None of the drugs inhibited levels of histamine, tryptase, myeloperoxidase, or eosinophil cationic protein in LPR. ¶Conclusions: Salmeterol and salbutamol inhibited allergen-induced skin responses, and reduced mediator release in EAR but not LPR. In general, the anti-inflammatory effects of salmeterol did not differ from those induced by salbutamol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050498
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immediate and delayed contact hypersensitivity to verbena plants (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 33 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Plants from the Verbenaceae family may cause contact dermatitis of unknown nature. This report describes 2 cases of allergic reactions to the Verbena species. A teenage boy developed an anaphylactic allergic response following contact with the leaves of Verbena hybrida. Characterization of the patient's specific IgE response to Verbena hybrida, using Western blots and autoradiography, identified the specific 62000 Dalton allergen present in the verbena leaves to which the patient reacted. This is the first report of an IgE- mediated immediate contact hypersensitivity reaction to Verbena hybrida a common perennial in South African gardens. The other case was a 23-year-old female gardener who developed immediate and delayed- type contact dermatitis from Verbena elegans‘Cleopatra’ produced in a Danish nursery. Prick tests to plant material were considered positive and of an allergic nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1995.tb02049.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cetirizine inhibits skin reactions but not mediator release in immediate and developing late-phase allergic cutaneous reactions. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 31 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Recent reports have indicated cetirizine, a potent H1-receptor antagonist, to possess a number of anti-inflammatory effects, e.g. inhibition of mast cell degranulation and inhibition of leucocyte migration and activation.Objective The aim of this study was to compare the effects of cetirizine on skin responses and mediator release in intact skin in immediate and developing late-phase allergic reactions by microdialysis technique.Methods Cetirizine 10 mg once daily or matching placebo were administered to 10 atopic subjects for 6 days followed by a 2-week washout in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial. Immediate skin test responses to allergen, codeine, and histamine and late-phase reactions to allergen were assessed. The time course of extracellular levels of inflammatory mediators in intact skin were monitored by microdialysis techniques using 2 kDa and 3 MDa cut-off fibers, respectively.Results Cetirizine significantly reduced immediate weal and flare reactions to allergen, codeine, and histamine. Injection of allergen, but not buffer controls, induced a significant release of histamine, tryptase, prostaglandin D2, total protein, and eosinophilic cationic protein. No significant increase of leukotriene B4 and myeloperoxidase was observed. Cetirizine inhibited early total protein extravasation by 40%, but this did not reach a significant level. None of the inflammatory mediators were significantly inhibited by cetirizine. Cetirizine significantly reduced the late-phase skin induration to allergen by approximately 30%.Conclusion Cetirizine potently reduced skin responses in immediate allergic reactions without inhibition of early mediators. These data indicate cetirizine to be a potent H1-receptor antagonist with no effect on mast cell activation. It did not inhibit any of the late-phase mediators, but it reduced the late skin reaction. These data suggest that mediators other than those actually measured may play a significant role in the clinical late-phase reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2001.01139.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    No release of histamine and substance P in capsaicin-induced neurogenic inflammation in intact human skin in vivo: a microdialysis study (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 27 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Studies in rodents ‘skin have indicated substance P to be the main inflammatory mediator involved in neurogenic inflammation, acting partly by release of histamine from skin mast cells. The mediators released in neurogenic inflammation in human skin remain to be determined.Objectives To determine the effects of intradermally injected and topically applied capsaicin on the release of histamine and substance P and skin responses in intact human skin in vivo.Methods Extracellular skin levels of histamine and substance P were measured by microdialysis technique and assayed by enzyme and radio immunoassays. Two kinds of dialysis fibres (210μm, 2 kDa, and 500 μm, 20 kDa) were inserted intradermally into forearm skin for studies of histamine release to topically administered capsaicin and intradermally injected capsaicin and substance P.Results Baseline histamine skin levels were 8.0 ± 0.7 nM. Intradermally injected capsaicin (0.3–30μM, 7.5–750 pmol) caused significantly and dose-related flare and pain reactions, but no significant histamine release or weals. Intradermally injected substance P (1 and 3 μM, 25 and 75 pmol) released significant amounts of histamine (peak levels being 90 and 475 nM), evoked weal-and-flare reactions, but did not cause pain. Capsaicin 2% ointment, applied on the skin for 2.5 h, increased skin blood flow by 300–400% as measured by laser Doppler flowmetry, elicited a longstanding burning sensation, but did not release histamine. Substance P-like immunoreactivity (SP-LI) was below the 1.8 pM detection limit following insertion of 20 kDa dialysis fibre and after intradermal injection of capsaicin 3μM. Intradermal injection of injection of 1 μM of substance P increased SP-LI levels to values greater than 4500 pM, confirming the ability of the dialysis fibre to recover this peptide.Conclusions Capsaicin-induced neurogenic activation does not involve the release of histamine from mast cells or detectable amounts of substance P release from sensory nerves in normal human skin in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1997.tb01239.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Egg and milk allergy in adults: comparison between fresh foods and commercial allergen extracts in skin prick test and histamine release from basophils (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 22 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ability of skin prick test (SPT) and histamine release from basophils (HR) to diagnose clinical type I allergy to egg and milk was investigated as compared with double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) in 17 adults suspected of type I egg and/or milk allergy. In both SPT and HR, commercial allergen extracts commonly used for SPT were compared with fresh, standardized foods. With commercial extracts the overall sensitivities of SPT and HR were 0.75 and 0.56 respectively, and none of the tests showed concordance with DBPCFC. With fresh, standardized foods the overall sensitivities of SPT and HR were 1.00 and 0.89 respectively, and both tests now showed a significant concordance with DBPCFC (P〈0.05). Specificity was only slightly improved in SPT, and unchanged in HR. Thus, the use of fresh, standardized foods significantly improved the outcome of both tests, as regards to sensitivity and concordance with DBPCFC. The diagnostic ability of SPT and HR appear to be strongly influenced by the allergen quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1992.tb02068.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monomeric immunoglobulin E stabilizes FcεRIα from the human basophil cell line KU812 by protecting it from natural turnover (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 33 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background The high affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) on mast cells and basophils is up-regulated by its own ligand IgE; however, the mechanism is unknown.Objective To study the IgE-mediated effect on FcεRI on basophils by using the human basophilic cell line KU812.Methods Expression of cell surface FcεRI was assessed by flow cytometry. Western blot technique was used to illustrate tyrosine-phosphorylation and the Ca2+ level in KU812 was measured by fluorescence of Fura-2. Soluble specimens of the α-chain from FcεRI (FcεRIα) were obtained by lysing 107 KU812 pr. mL. FcεRIα was detected by a sandwich immunoradiometric assay employing the IgE-binding capacity of FcεRIα in conjunction with a monoclonal antibody. Polyclonal rabbit anti-FcεRIα was used for detection of FcεRIα by Western blotting.Results We found that monomeric IgE did not induce tyrosine-phosphorylation in KU812, which was the case when stimulating with IgE cross-linked by anti-IgE binding. Further, only cross-linking of IgE, but not monomeric IgE, increased the Ca2+ level. Using the immunoradiometric assay, we found a temperature dependent reduction in the amount of FcεRIα. Samples incubated at 37 °C for 5 h displayed a 16-fold decrease in the FcεRIα level compared with samples incubated at 4 °C. In the presence of IgE the reduction at 37°C was only threefold.Conclusion These results indicate that IgE does not induce intracellular signals in KU812, i.e., tyrosine-phosphorylation or Ca2+ release. Instead it appears that FcεRIα is an unstable protein that IgE stabilizes and thereby protects from a temperature dependent turnover.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01653.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Passive sensitization of basophil leukocytes from a non-atopic adult by plasma from allergic children (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 43 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Basophil leukocytes from a non-atopic donor, who responded well to anti-IgE, were depleted of their native membrane-bound IgE by acid treatment and passively sensitized with plasma containing either Phleum pratense-, Dermatophagoides pteronysstnus- or dog dander- specific IgE obtained from 18 allergic children. Histamine release was then performed on the passively sensitized cells and the results were compared with those of bronchial provocation test (BPT), allergen-specific serum IgE (RAST), skin prick test (SPT), and conventional histamine release test (HR). A high coincidence rate was found between BPT, RAST and histamine release after passive sensitization (HR-PS), but compared to HR, it was lower. This could be because several of the patients had non-responding basophils (i.e. no release after challenge with anti-IgE) in the conventional histamine release asssay. The lower rate was not related to a lack of antigen-specific IgE, since after passive sensitization of basophils, anti-IgE and allergen provocation could induce release. It is concluded that plasma from allergic children with non-responding basophil leukocytes contain antigen-specific IgE capable of binding to Fc-receptors on the basophils of a non-atopic donor. In addition it was found that the plasma could change the cell reactivity (maximal histamine release) of the donor cells, since the amount of histamine released varied according to the plasma used for passive sensitization. The lack of histamine release response in some patients could be because their own membrane-bound IgE is unable to induce mediator release or, more likely, activation of one or more of the subcellular steps involved in the release is impaired.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1988.tb02041.x
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