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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 31 (1990), S. 296-306 
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ly-5 (CD45) glycoproteins of the mouse, expressed by all or most hematopoietic cell lineages and specified by a single Ly-5 gene, range in size from isoform T200 of T cells (the smallest), in which exons 4, 5, and 6 are not represented, to isoform B220 of B cells (the largest), in which all three of these optional exons are represented. The main purpose of the present study, utilizing the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), was to ascertain whether known isoforms of intermediate size are generated by single or dual usage of optional exons 4, 5, and 6. Transcripts representing all eight isoforms predictable from varied use of three exons were observed among a diverse panel of nine B-cell tumors in culture, but there was no evident concordance with known contrasting differential features that distinguish members of the B-cell tumor panel. No two B tumors exhibited the same variety of transcripts and the relative quantities of transcripts expressed varied greatly from tumor to tumor. Cloning of B-cell tumors did not alter their distinctive transcript patterns. Separation methods (sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; SDS-PAGE) did not suffice to segregate all corresponding expressed isoforms but did establish that transcripts representing usage of a single optional exon and of two optional exons were actually translated, which supports a provisional inference that all eight isoforms exist. The considerable diversity of B-cell transcript phenotypes was not seen among seven T-cell leukemias, two cytolytic T-cell lines, and three Th1 helper T-cell lines, all of which displayed a uniform phenotype comprising major expression of the T200 transcript (no optional exon) and minor expression of a transcript employing exon 5. However, a panel of five cloned Th2 T-cell lines, which represents a second and functionality different branch of the helper/inducer T-cell category, exhibited a characteristic transcript pattern which distinguished them from a panel of three Th1 T-cell lines. The major transcript in the Th2 lines was also T200, but the Th2 lines showed higher representation of transcript containing optional exons. A single Th2 clone expressed an unusual transcript suggesting a potential isoform not compounded simply by varied inclusion of the three identified optional exons. After activation of the helper T-cell lines with concanavalin A (Con A), expression of transcript containing optional exons appeared to decrease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0003-2697
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Gene 104 (1991), S. 177-185 
    ISSN: 0378-1119
    Keywords: Alternative splicing ; embryogenesis ; extracellular matrix ; hexabrachion ; oncogenesis ; recombinant DNA
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin-C is widely expressed during development and repair, making it surprising that few abnormalities have been found in transgenic mice lacking this molecule. We have therefore re-examined the transgenic mice described by Saga et al. [Saga, Y., Yagi, T., Ikawa, Y., Sakakura, T. & Aizawa, S. (1992) Genes Dev., 6 1821–1831] in which tenascin-C was knocked-out by homologous recombination, focusing on two aspects of the nervous system likely to reveal any abnormalities that might follow the loss of tenascin-C. First, we have determined the pattern of myelin and distribution of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in those areas, such as the optic nerve and retina where local concentrations of tenascin-C have been proposed to act as barriers to oligodendrocyte precursor migration and so prevent inappropriate myelination. Secondly, we have examined the behaviour of the mice in a number of well-characterized tests, e.g. beam-walking, passive avoidance and the Morris water maze. We find no abnormalities of myelination or oligodendrocyte precursor distribution in adult mice, showing that local concentrations of tenascin-C are not the sole mechanism responsible for the pattern of myelination in these regions of CNS. However, we do find a number of behavioural abnormalities in these mice and show that hyperlocomotion and deficits in coordination during beam walking can be ascribed to tenascin-C deficiency. The effects on coordination are, however, not seen on a 129 genetic background. Taken together, these results significantly extend the phenotype associated with tenascin-C deficiency but argue against a role in myelination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0012-1606
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Developmental Biology 118 (1986), S. 95-102 
    ISSN: 0012-1606
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography A 513 (1990), S. 379-383 
    ISSN: 0021-9673
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron Letters 35 (1994), S. 5879-5882 
    ISSN: 0040-4039
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 30 (1979), S. 492-498 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einfluß von Zugspannungen auf die KavitationserosionEin System mit Schwingsonde in unmittelbarer Nähe der Probenoberfläche wurde so verbessert, daß der Einfluß einer Zugbeanspruchung auf die Anfangsstadien der Kavitation ermittelt werden kann. Die Temperatur auf der feststehenden Probe schwankte innerhalb ± 0,3%, die Meßfehler konnten auf Werte innerhalb ± 3% gehalten werden. Eine an duktile Metalle wie Aluminium, Eisen (Ferrit) und Flußstahl angelegte Zugspannung inhibiert die Kavitation im Anfangsstadium: die Inkubationsperiode verlängert sich maximal um den Faktor 5. Sobald jedoch Gewichtsverlust eingetreten ist, wird der Kavitationsschaden durch eine Zugspannung verstäkt. Im Falle von spröden Werkstoffen wie Gußeisen wird der Kavitationsschaden von Anfang an verstärkt, d.h. es tritt keine Inkubationsperiode auf. Der Mechanismus dieser Effekte wird erörtert.
    Notes: A system using a vibratory probe oscillating in close proximity to a specimen surface was improved in order to study the effects of tensile stress on the initial stages of cavitation damage: the temperature distribution on the stationary specimen came within ± 0.3 °C, and the errors in the experimental results were able to be kept below ± 3%.A tensile stress applied on such ductile metallic materials as aluminum, iron (ferrite) and mild steel inhibits cavitation damage in the early stage: the incubation period was extended to a maximum of five times. However, the damage is accelerated in the stage affected with weight loss. An applied tensile stress on such brittle material as cast iron accelerates damage both in the incubation period and the following periods of damage.The mechanism of these favorable and unfavorable effects of tensile stress on cavitation damage has been discussed.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Sample peptides Boc-Leu4-Aib-Leu4-OBzl and Boc-(Leu4-Aib)2-OBzl, were crystallized by the solvent-evaporation method. Both crystals are monoclinic, with space group of P21 and Z = 2. The cell parameters are a = 16.580(7), b = 21.105(7), c = 11.583(4) Å, and β = 104.90(3)° (Boc-Leu4-Aib-Leu4-OBzl), and a = 15.247(9), b = 19.04(l), c = 16.311(9) Å, and β = 117.10(1)° [Boc-(Leu4-Aib)2-OBzl]. Crystal structures were solved by the direct method and refined to R values of 0.096 (the former peptide) and 0.112 (the latter). Peptide backbones fold into a right-handed α-helix, except for the C-terminal Aib residue in Boc-(Leu4-Aib)2-OBzl. Both peptide molecules are stabilized by six (the former) or seven (the latter) intramolecular (5 → 1) hydrogen bonds, and arranged in the head-to-tail fashion, which makes an infinite column. In this column, one (the former) or two (the latter) intermolecular hydrogen bonds link the neighboring molecules. In the case of Boc-Leu4-Aib-Leu4-OBzl, the solvent molecule N, N-dimethylformamide was found in the difference Fourier map. There was a hydrogen bond between peptide and solvent molecule. Along the lateral direction, only hydrophobic contacts were observed between adjacent peptide molecules.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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