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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Autonomic symptoms ; counterregulatory hormones ; glucose thresholds ; hypoglycaemia ; neuroglycopoenia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nine healthy subjects were studied on two separate occasions, at least two weeks apart, using the glucose clamp technique to produce a gradual hypoglycaemia. Glucose thresholds for neuroendocrine and symptom responses varied up to 1.5 mmol/l between subjects. There was a significant correlation between individual glucose thresholds on day 1 and 2 for adrenaline (p = 0.0008), growth hormone (p = 0.007) and pancreatic polypeptide (p = 0.02), and for autonomic (p = 0.018) and neuroglycopoenic (p = 0.023) symptoms, whereas no significant correlations were found for glucagon and cortisol. The mean intra-individual differences in glucose thresholds between day 1 and 2 were 0.22 mmol/l for the hormones and 0.25 mmol/l for the symptoms. We conclude that healthy subjects differ in hypoglycaemic thresholds, and that the difference reflects individual variation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 43 (1992), S. 265-268 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; Drug protein binding ; Catecholamines ; adrenoceptor blockers ; prazosin ; propranolol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the present study equilibrium dialysis has been used to determine the degree of protein binding of the catecholamines adrenaline and noradrenalin and the adrenergic receptor blockers, prazosin and propranolol in diabetics. The binding of the catecholamines in plasma from Type I and II diabetic patients was not significantly different from that of healthy subjects. The ratio of the bound and free catecholamine concentrations was correlated with the level of albumin (HSA). Significantly reduced protein binding of prazosin was observed in Type I and II diabetic subjects compared to healthy volunteers. The binding of propranolol was significantly reduced in Type I patients. The ratios between the bound and unbound concentrations of prazosin and propranolol were significantly correlated with the levels of a,-acid glycoprotein (AAG). The results suggest that non-enzymatic glycosylation of plasma proteins may increase the unbound fraction of the adrenergic blockers prazosin and propranolol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Hypoglycaemia unawareness ; Diabetes mellitus ; β-adrenergic sensitivity ; β-adrenergic receptor affinity ; isoprenaline ; catecholamines ; G-proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The majority of the impaired symptoms in hypoglycaemia unawareness, such as palpitations, tachycardia and tremor, are caused by increased release of adrenaline (ADR) and noradrenaline (NA), and induced by stimulation of β-adrenergic receptors. Binding of ADR or NA to the β-adrenergic receptor generates a signal, transmitted via a guanine nucleotide binding protein complex (G-protein), which in turn activates adenylate cyclase with increased production of cAMP. The aim of this study was to show whether IDDM-patients with hypoglycaemia unawareness had deficient coupling between β2-adrenergic receptors and G-proteinscompared to IDDM-patients with hypoglycaemia awareness and healthy controls. The IDDM-patients were subgrouped as hypoglycaemia aware or unaware based on questionnaire answers, clinical information and the results of isoprenaline sensitivity tests. Mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) were isolated from venous blood. By saturation binding experiments, using [125I]-(-)-iodopindolol ((-)-IPIN), total receptor number (Bmax) and affinity (Kd) were determined. By displacement experiments the relative number of low-and high-affinity receptors for the β-adrenergic agonist (-)-isoprenaline ((-)-ISO) were determined. We found no difference in Bmax- or Kd-values for (-)-IPIN between the subgroups. However, there was a reduced capability to form high-affinity binding complexes with (-)-ISO in MNL from IDDM-patients with hypoglycaemia unawareness. It was concluded that hypoglycaemia unawareness in IDDM was associated with dysfunction of the proximal β2-adrenergic signal pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 43 (1992), S. 109-111 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Lidocaine ; Platelet function ; beta-thromboglobulin ; thromboxane A2 ; catecholamines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of therapeutic plasma concentrations of lidocaine on blood platelet function and plasma catecholamine levels were assessed in 9 healthy subjects. There were no significant effects on plasma levels ofβ-thromboglobulin, collagen and adenosine diphosphate-stimulated platelet aggregation, thromboxane-B2-concentration in plasma after collagen and ADP stimulated platelet aggregation, or on plasma nor-adrenaline and adrenaline. No significant correlation could be demonstrated between any of the variables tested. Thus, it appeared that lidocaine had no effect on platelets that could be of benefit in acute myocardial infarction. It should be possible to use lidocaine, in combination with thrombolytic therapies without increasing the risk of bleeding complications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 107 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objectives To determine how β2-adrenoceptor binding and function differ between healthy women and those with pre-eclampsia.Design Case-control study.Setting Faculty of Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway.Participants Two groups of pregnant women: eight cases with pre-eclampsia, matched with eight healthy controls.Methods Venous blood was drawn from women in both groups after an overnight rest. The two groups were matched for gestational age which was (mean (SD)) 36.4 (3.8) and 36.5 (4.4) weeks for the pre-eclamptic and control groups, respectively. Six weeks after delivery a second blood sample was obtained. The binding and function of β2-adrenoceptors were determined in isolated human mononu-clear leukocytes. The levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline were determined in plasma from venous blood.Results An elevated density of functional β2-adrenoceptors was observed in normal pregnancy [mean (SD) 390 (90) vs 270 (60) sites/cell postpartum], due to an increased fraction of receptors in high affinity state, with unaltered total receptor density. The number of functional β2-adrenoceptors was reduced in pre-eclampsia [mean (SD) 80 (40) vs 240 (30) sites/cell postpartum], due to a reduction in the total receptor number with an unaltered fraction of high affinity receptors. In pregnancy, both unstimulated and isoprenaline-stimulated cAMP levels were reduced in the women with pre-eclampsia (0.5 (0.2) and 1.7 (0.9) pmol/106 cells, respectively) compared with the normal pregnant controls (mean (SD) 1.2 (0.3) and 4.7 (1.8) pmol/106 cells, respectively). Plasma catecholamine levels were not elevated in the women with pre-eclampsia.Conclusions The increased number of functional β2-adrenoceptors may contribute to the vasodilatation seen in normal pregnancy, while the reduced overall number of receptors may be one of several factors that account for increased peripheral vascular resistance in pre-eclampsia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Fusion Engineering and Design 25 (1994), S. 249-262 
    ISSN: 0920-3796
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Experiments to explore the long-time evolution of noninductive, high βp plasmas in the DIII-D tokamak [Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, 1986 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987), Vol. 1, p. 159], have identified a new, quiescent, high performance regime. The experiments were carried out at low current (400–800 kA) with medium power neutral beam injection (3–10 MW). This regime is characterized by high q0 ((approximately-greater-than)2) and moderate li(∼1.3). It is reached by slow relaxation of the current profile, on the resistive time scale. As the profiles relax, q0 rises and li falls. When q0 goes above 2 (approximately), magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) activity disappears, and the stored energy rises. Most dramatic is the strong peaking of the central density, which increases by as much as a factor of 2. The improved central confinement appears similar to the PEP/reversed central shear/second stable core modes seen in tokamak experiments, but in this case without external intervention or transient excitation. At high current, a similar, but slower relaxation is seen. Also notable in connection with these discharges is the behavior of the edge and scrape-off layer (SOL). The edge localized modes (ELM's) as seen previously, are small and very rapid (to 1 kHz). The SOL exhibits high density (≥1×1019 m−3), which shows little or no falloff with radius. Also the power deposition at the divertor surface is very broad, up to four times the width usually seen. This regime is of particular interest for the development of steady-state tokamak operating scenarios, for the Tokamak Physics Experiment (TPX), and following reactors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Limiter, single-null, and double-null divertor plasmas have been heated by hydrogen neutral beam injection in the direction opposite to that of the plasma current. The H-mode power threshold is reduced by approximately 25% for counterinjection. Sawtooth suppression was possible only for high neutral beam power and for high values of the safety factor. No confinement improvement over similar coinjection discharges was observed in H-mode, L-mode, or limiter discharges. In plasmas without sawteeth, metallic impurity buildup in the central region of the plasma eventually leads to a reduction in confinement. The parametric dependence of energy confinement for both L-and H-mode plasmas was found to behave in the same manner during similar coinjection experiments. H-mode confinement increased linearly with increasing plasma current (65 msec/MA at 9 MW). Both L-mode and H-mode energy confinement decreased with increasing neutral beam power. At 1.25 MA, the L-mode plasmas had a confinement time that was less than that predicted by Kaye–Goldston scaling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0014-4827
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 19 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The capillarization of the M. pectoralis of the Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) from birth do day 280The capillarization of the M. pectoralis was examined in the turkey as it changed with age. Examined was the density of the muscles fibers (per mm2), the density of the capillaries (per mm2) and the quotient muscle fibers/capillaries. In accordance with the sequence of the original data four functions of organismic growth (slightly altered) were utilized for the approximation of the data for descending amounts: Pütter/Bertalanffy (1920, 1934); Richards (1959; Janoschek enlarged after Sager (1980 and Richards enlarged after Sager (1980). The approximations were made via nonlinear regressions, whereby the sum of the error amounts and the sums of teh error squares served as criteria of quality. The results including the deduced initial and end amounts are combined in tables which also contain the parameter of the way the computations were conducted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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