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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary aldosteronism due to adrenal carcinomas (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 62 (1984), S. 470-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Adrenal carcinomas ; Aldosterone secretion ; Hypokalemic alkalosis ; Operation ; Chemotherapy with o,p′-DDD
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the present study two patients with aldosterone-producing adrenal carcinomas are reported. The clinical features were characterized by hypertension and severe hypokalemia with muscular weakness, flaccid paralysis of arms and legs, diarrhea and polyuria. In both cases excessively high plasma aldosterone levels and suppressed plasma renin activity were found. In contrast to most other cases with aldosterone-secreting tumours plasma cortisol, urinary free cortisol excretion, 17-hydroxy- and 17-ketosteroids were in the normal range. There was no clinical evidence of oversecretion of sex hormones. After adrenalectomy blood pressure and serum potassium normalized and the clinical symptoms disappeared. Plasma aldosterone and urinary aldosterone secretion returned to normal, while plasma renin activity remained low. Three and a half and 6 months later primary aldosteronism and the associated clinical symptoms reappeared due to hormonally active metastases. After introducing the antitumour drug o,p′-DDD in patient 1 aldosterone secretion normalized and the clinical status of the patient markedly improved. However, 10 months after diagnosis the patient died due to a haemorrhage from a liver metastasis. In patient 2 tumour-invaded regional lymph nodes were surgically removed with only minor changes in the hormone pattern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01726909
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction between oxprenolol and indomethacin on blood pressure in essential hypertensive patients (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 22 (1982), S. 197-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: hypertension ; oxprenolol ; indomethacin ; drug interaction ; hypotensive effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A double-blind, cross-over study in 16 patients with essential hypertension was carried out, to evaluate any possible interference by indomethacin, a known prostaglandin-synthetase inhibitor, with the antihypertensive effect of oxprenolol, a non-selective beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent. Both indomethacin and oxprenolol, as well as the two drugs combined, inhibited plasma renin activity; no change was found in urinary sodium excretion or body weight. Oxprenolol alone caused a highly significant decrease in the systolic (−10.4 mmHg,p〈0.001), diastolic (−7.4 mmHg,p〈0.001) and mean (−7.7 mmHg,p〈0.01) blood pressures, whereas indomethacin did not influence blood pressure. When the two drugs were given in combination, blood pressure decreased (systolic: −5.9 mmHg; diastolic: −4.0 mmHg; mean: −4.6 mmHg), but the changes induced in blood pressure were reduced by about 50% when compared with those in the oxprenolol alone period. The data show that indomethacin seems to interfere with the antihypertensive effect of oxprenolol, by an action which may be due to the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00545214
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multicentre comparison of the antihypertensive effect of acebutolol and hydrochlorothiazide in uncomplicated mild-moderate hypertension in the elderly (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 29 (1985), S. 275-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: hypertension ; acebutolol ; hydrochlorothiazide ; elderly ; cross-over trial ; blood pressure reduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary To evaluate the efficacy of acebutolol, 400–600 mg/day in elderly hypertensive patients, and to compare it with hydrochlorothiazide 25–50 mg/day, 45 patients with mild-moderate uncomplicated hypertension were treated for 6 weeks in a multicentre, single-blind, randomized, crossover trial. Acebutolol decreased supine systolic blood pressure from 186.5 to 162.7 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure from 107.4 to 92.4 mmHg. Hydrochlorothiazide decreased systolic blood pressure from 185.0 to 166.4 and diastolic blood pressure from 107.2 to 96.4. There was no difference between the effects of acebutolol and hydrochlorothiazide on blood pressure during the trial. Both drugs proved to be safe and effective antihypertensive agents, provided the major contraindications for their use were taken into account. Beta-blockade by acebutolol was highly effective in treating mild-moderate arterial hypertension in the elderly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00544080
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Further evidence for the existence of alpha2-mediated adrenergic vasoconstriction in human vessels (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 34 (1988), S. 407-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: methoxamine ; B-HT 933 ; indoramin ; yohimbine ; alpha1-/alpha2-adrenoceptors ; alpha-adrenergic vascular tone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary To confirm the presence of alpha2-mediated vasoconstriction in human vasculature, the effect of selective alpha1- and alpha2-agonists (methoxamine and B-HT 933) and antagonists (indoramin and Yohimbine) was studied in fourteen patients with mild, uncomplicated, essential hypertension. Drugs were infused, into the brachial artery at systemically ineffective rates, and concomitant changes in forearm blood flow were measured by strain gauge venous plethysmography. During control conditions, cumulative infusions either of methoxamine or B-HT 933 caused dose-related vasoconstriction, while both indoramin and yohimbine doubled forearm blood flow. Subsequently, the alpha1-adrenoceptor mediated vasoconstriction produced by methoxamine was shown to be completely blocked by indoramin pretreatment, and to be left unchanged by yohimbine. The alpha2-vascular stimulation by B-HT 933 was antagonized by previous yohimbine but not by indoramin pretreatment, thus fulfilling the pharmacological requirements for identification of distinct alpha-adrenoceptor mediated excitation-contraction pathways. The data provide further evidence of the existence of alpha2-mediated vasoconstriction in human forearm vessels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542444
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma renin activity does not predict the antihypertensive efficacy of chlorthalidone (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 33 (1987), S. 221-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: renin-angiotensin system ; chlorthalidone ; hypertension ; multicentre study ; plasma renin activity ; dose prediction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary It has been established that angiotensin II stimulation may limit the antihypertensive potential of diuretic therapy in some patients. It is less clear, however, whether renin-angiotensin II stimulation is the cause of the flat blood pressure dose-response relationship to diuretics. To investigate this, 75 out-patients with essential hypertension were treated with chlorthalidone 12.5, 25 or 50 mg o.d. for 3 weeks, in a double-blind, placebo controlled cross-over study. Chlorthalidone significantly reduced blood pressure in all the groups, a plateau being reached at 25 mg o.d. Similarly, plasma renin activity was increased by each dose level of chlorthalidone, but it showed a different trend, being increased to a comparable extent at 12.5 mg and 25 mg o.d., and still higher at 50 mg o.d. Thus, greater stimulation of renin was coincident with the levelling of the blood pressure response to chlorthalidone. However no significant correlation was found between interindividual plasma renin activity and change in blood pressure, either in the entire series, or in each treatment subset. The data suggest overall that renin stimulation may influence the characteristic dose-hypotensive response relationship to diuretic agents in antihypertensive therapy, but it is unlikely that measurement of individual plasma renin activity will provide an useful guide to the optimal dose of a diuretic agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00637552
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antihypertensive effect of slow-release nicardipine. A placebo-controlled cross-over study (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 36 (1989), S. 439-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: calcium antagonists ; nicardipine ; hypertension ; placebo effect ; slow-release preparation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The magnitude and duration of the anti-hypertensive effect of slow-release nicardipine (SR-Nicardipine) have been compared with placebo in 36 uncomplicated essential hypertensives (diastolic BP 95 to 115 mm Hg after 1-month placebo washout). According to a double-blind, randomized, cross-over design they received SR-Nicardipine 40 mg b.d. and placebo for 1 month. At the end of each treatment period, blood pressure and heart rate were measured 12 h after the evening dose and 1, 2, 3 and 4 h after the morning dose. SR-Nicardipine significantly reduced systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure at each time after dosing. The absolute decrements peaked 4 h after dosing (−18.3 and −11.7 mm Hg, respectively) and more than 90% of the peak effect persisted 12 h after dosing, both for SBP and DBP. The heart rate was slightly increased by SR-Nicardipine. Adverse effects monitored with a check-list occurred in 31% of patients during SR-Nicardipine treatment and in 28% on placebo. Thus, SR-Nicardipine 40 mg b.d. has a maintained and significant antihypertensive effect lasting up to 12 h in essential hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558066
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcium entry blockade and agonist-mediated forearm vasoconstriction in hypertensive patients. Difference between nicardipine and verapamil (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 40 (1991), S. 1-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Nicardipine ; Verapamil ; Sympathetic nervous system ; Angiotensin II ; Hypertension ; vascular reflexes vasoconstriction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The interference by nicardipine and verapamil with the response to vasoactive stimuli, such as lower body negative pressure and angiotensin II, has been evaluated in the forearm of hypertensive patients. Forearm blood flow was monitored during the intraarterial infusion of either drug at rates equieffective on basal flow. Nicardipine blunted the peak forearm vasoconstrictor action of lower body negative pressure and a comparable result was obtained when angiotensin II was administered intraarterially. In spite of a comparable increase in forearm flow, nicardipine was more potent than verapamil in inhibiting vasoconstriction following both stimuli. Thus, nicardipine suppressed regional vascular reactivity, probably by blockade of the influx of extracellular calcium, in response to receptor activation, since both alpha-adrenergic and angiotensin II receptor-mediated vasoconstrictor responses were attenuated. However, the results of the comparison with an unrelated calcium entry blocker, such as verapamil, may suggest that nicardipine, and possibly other dihydropiridine derivatives, preferentially antagonize agonist-mediated vasoconstriction in the human forearm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315131
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antihypertensive effect of once daily sustained release isradipine: a placebo controlled cross-over study (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 44 (1993), S. 23-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Hypertension ; Isradipine ; blood pressure ; trough to peak efficacy ratio ; sustained release formulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary To evaluate the magnitude and duration of the antihypertensive effect of sustained release (SRO) isradipine, 37 uncomplicated essential hypertensive patients (diastolic blood pressure 100–115 mm Hg after a one month run-in on placebo) were randomised to receive, according to a double-blind cross-over design, isradipine SRO 5 mg once daily and the corresponding placebo for 1 month. At the end of each treatment period, sitting blood pressure and heart rate were measured immediately before and every hour for 6 h after the last dose. Thirty-four patients [16 m, age 54 (7) y] completed the study. As compared to randomised placebo, isradipine SRO significantly reduced the systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure. Absolute DBP decrements versus placebo peaked 6 h after dosing (-8.8 mm Hg) and were not significantly lower (-8.2 mm Hg) at the end of the dose interval. At the same times, the absolute decrements in SBP were -9.8 mm Hg and -9.7 mm Hg, respectively. DBP was normalised in 19 patients (56%) at peak and in 17 (50%) at trough time. The trough to peak efficacy ratio in patients with peak DBP ≤ 90 mm Hg was 70%. Heart rate was slightly increased by isradipine SRO. Adverse effects monitored with a check-list occurred in 8/36 patients (22%) on isradipine SRO and in 4/35 (11%) on randomized placebo. The data suggest that isradipine SRO is an effective antihypertensive drug, with a trough to peak efficacy ratio supporting once daily administration in most mild to moderate essential hypertensives.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315275
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Humoral and haemodynamic effects of idrapril calcium, the prototype of a new class of ACE-inhibitors, in essential hypertensive patients (1995)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 48 (1995), S. 339-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Idrapril ; ACE-inhibition ; Hypertension ; essential ; active renin ; angiotensin II ; blood pressure ; pharmacodynamics ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Idrapril is the prototype of a new class of ACE inhibitors, characterised by the presence of a hydroxdmic group. Six untreated in-patients with essential hypertension were given single oral doses of the calcium salt of idrapril, idrapril calcium (200 mg) and placebo according to a double blind, randomised experimental design. Supine and upright blood pressure, heart rate, plasma idrapril serum ACE, active renin and angiotensin II were measured at timed intervals for 24 hours after dosing. Plasma idrapril reached a peak after 2 hours (3.01 μ·ml−1), and by 12 hours the compound had al most disappeared (67 ng·ml−1). Derived t1/2 was 1.4–2.2 h. ACE activity was suppressed [from 77.9 to 3.3 after 2 hours and 11.8 after 12 hours nmol−1·min−1·ml] and angiotensin II production inhibited [from 8.8 to 3.1 (after 1 hour) and 7.5 (after 12 hours) pg·ml−1] for up to 12 h, while active renin rose up to 24 h [from 12.3 to 20.1 (after 8 hours) and 17.5 (after 24 hours) pg·ml−1]. Compared to placebo, idrapril calcium significantly lowered both supine blood pressure starting at 4 hours (idrapril calcium 140/93 mmHg; placebo 157/101 mmHg) up to 24 hours (idrapril calcium 142/91 mmHg; placebo: 155/97 mmHg), and upright blood pressure starting at 3 hours (idrapril calcium 135/95 mmHg; placebo 147/100 mmHg) up to 24 hours (idrapril calcium 132/92 mmHg; placebo 145/100 mmHg). Idrapril calcium appears to be an effective ACE inhibitor in essential hypertension, with a hypotensive action for up to 24 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194948
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does endogenous dopamine modulate human sympathetic activity through DA2 receptors? (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 29 (1985), S. 159-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: domperidone ; metoclopramide ; sympathetic activity ; endogenous dopamine ; DA2 receptors ; norepinephrine ; side-effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of placebo and DA2 antidopaminergic agents on basal and stimulated catecholamine (CA) plasma levels in humans have been evaluated by administration either of domperidone or metoclopramide to separate groups of subjects. The latter group was subjected domperidone to sympathetic stimulation by handgrip coldpressor tests, and standing. Pharmacological DA2 receptor blockade, either peripheral by or central and peripheral by metoclopramide, did not modify plasma CA whilst resting or during acute sympathetic stimulation. It is concluded that endogenous dopamine does not seem to play a significant role in modulating NE release in man, at least not under the physiological conditions examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00547415
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