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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GAP-43-Immunoreactive Nerve Fibers in the Rat Pituitary: Modulation after 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Degeneration and Regeneration
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience 4 (1993), S. 576-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 1044-7431
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/mcne.1993.1071
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degeneration and regeneration of nerve terminals in the rat pituitary pars intermedia after 6-hydroxydopamine treatment
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience 2 (1991), S. 418-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1044-7431
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1044-7431(91)90029-N
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Benzodiazepine suppression of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-induced beta-endorphin release from rat neurointermediate pituitary
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Peptides 13 (1992), S. 913-917 
    Details
    ISSN: 0196-9781
    Keywords: Adinazolam ; Benzodiazepines ; Beta-endorphin ; CRF ; Pituitary gland ; Rats
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0196-9781(92)90049-9
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of the enkephalin analog (d-Met^2 Pro^5)-enkephalinamide on α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone secretion
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Regulatory Peptides 47 (1993), S. 141-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-0115
    Keywords: Intermediate lobe ; MSH ; Naltrexone ; Opiate ; Pituitary ; Stress
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-0115(93)90418-8
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chronic infusion of opiate peptides to rat cerebrospinal fluid with osmotic minipumps (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 210 (1984), S. 115-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Beta-endorphin-related opiate peptides or the opiate antagonist naloxone were chronically infused for periods of 24 to 48 hours to the lateral cerebral ventricle of adult male rats using Alza osmotic minipumps. Previous studies have suggested a “chemotactic”-like effect of opiate peptides for supraependymal macrophages in the region of the third ventricle of the brain. The present study demonstrates a stimulatory effect of beta-endorphin infusion on the appearance of lymphocyte and neutrophil-like cells, in addition to macrophages, in the region of the third ventricle, suggestive of an intracerebral inflammatory response. None of the other molecules, including alphaendorphin, methionine-enkephalin, naloxone, or sterile saline produced similar cellular responses after infusion, although some of the latter substances may have induced the appearance of supraependymal neuron-like cells in the area. Observations suggest that the chronic presence of beta-endorphin, a biologically active opiate peptide, will interact with cells of the immune system, which have the ability to gain access to the cerebrospinal fluid.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092100114
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the pituitary intermediate lobe in aging rats (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 227 (1990), S. 97-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The pituitary intermediate lobe, a source of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) peptides, was examined with light and electron microscopic techniques in Sprague-Dawley rats aged 5-18 months and Zucker rats aged 18 months. Cysts were common in the intermediate lobe in the Zucker animals, a finding also noted in human pituitary glands by other investigations. The nuclear envelopes were often indented in cells of aging rats, while those of young animals were generally smooth. Lipid droplets and lysosomes, rarely seen in tissue from young animals, were frequently observed in endocrine cells of older rats. Most cells had an abundance of secretory granules, suggestive of enhanced storage of peptides in the cytoplasm. Nerve terminals which were present among endocrine cells contained myelin figures in some of the old rats, and may indicate degenerative changes, while other terminals appeared normal. These morphologic findings suggest that the aging phenomena in intermediate lobe tissue have characteristics in common with nervous tissue, and may also reflect a diminished inhibitory neuroregulation.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092270111
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-dimensional structure of the murine muscle-tendon junction (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 213 (1985), S. 16-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: At the muscle-tendon junction of skeletal muscle fibers the structural interface between muscle cell and connective tissue is amplified by tapering, by indentation, and by surface folding. The precise form taken by the surface folds has been unknown due to a lack of studies on the three-dimensional geometry of the muscle-tendon junction. Analysis of this region by scanning electron microscopy, using conventional preparative techniques, is uninformative because the muscle surface is covered by connective tissue. Removal of the connective tissue from individual murine muscle fibers by incubation of fixed fibers in hot HCI, followed in some instances by treatment with collagenase, permits SEM analysis of the uncovered fiber ends. The muscle fiber end is characterized by surface specializations in the form of anastamotic cylindrical folds. Transmission electron micrographs of cross sections and of serial longitudinal sections of muscle fiber ends confirm that the SEM observations are correct.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092130104
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A morphometric analysis of the muscle-tendon junction (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 213 (1985), S. 26-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Transmission of the contractile force produced by skeletal muscle fibers from myofilaments to tendon fibers occurs at the muscle-tendon junction. This interface between muscle and tendon is characterized by an amplification of the membrane area across which force is transmitted, with the result that stress at the muscle-tendon interface is less than it would be if the muscle fiber ended without surface folding. The amount of stress reduction is proportional to the degree of surface amplification. Because an understanding of the mechanical properties of the muscle-tendon junction requires a quantitative appreciation of the amplification of interfacial area, and hence the reduction of stress, produced by membrane elaboration at the muscle-tendon junction, we have developed a reliable morphometric approach for quantifying this surface amplification. The approach reported here makes use of point-counting techniques applied to thin sections of murine muscletendon junctions, together with a statistical analysis of the data. The results indicate that the load on the cell membrane at the muscle-tendon junction is reduced approximately 1 order of magnitude by membrane amplification, compared to the load calculated to occur if the muscle fiber ended as a right cylinder. In addition, significant differences in the degree of membrane amplification have been detected among the four muscle-tendon junctions analyzed in this study. These results and methods should prove useful in future analyses of normal and abnormal muscle-tendon junctions.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092130105
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereological analysis of the muscle-tendon junction in the aging mouse (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 218 (1987), S. 288-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Transmission of contractile tension from skeletal muscle fibers to connective tissue elements is thought to occur at the muscle-tendon junctions, specialized regions at the extreme ends of the fibers. Previous stereological studies on adult mouse and chicken fibers have shown that, with reference to equal cross-sectional areas of myofibrils, the muscle-tendon junctions of faster fibers have significantly more surface membrane devoted to force transmission than do those of slower fibers (Trotter et al.: Anat. Rec. 213:16-25, 1985a; Trotter et al.: Anat. Rec. 213:26-32, 1985b; Trotter and Baca: Anat. Rec. 218:256-266, 1987). In the present study we have analyzed the muscle-tendon junctions of 30-month-old mice, employing techniques for scanning and transmission electron microscopy and for ultrastructural stereology which are identical to those previously used to study the same muscles in 4-month-old mice. Whereas the principal structural features of the muscle-tendon junctions of fibers from adult and aged mice are indistinguishable, stereological analyses of the fiber-tendon interfaces indicate that, in aging animals, the interfacial ratio (the ratio of the surface area of force-transmitting membrane to the cross-sectional area of force-generating myofibrils) is significantly reduced. While the interfacial ratio of fast-twitch fibers of the adult plantaris is about 14.5, the corresponding ratio in aged animals is about ten. In the predominantly slow-twitch fibers of the adult soleus, the interfacial ratio is about ten at the insertion and about 12.7 at the origin, whereas the corresponding ratios in the aged animals are both about ten. These findings are consistent with the notion that the amount of surface area specialized for force transmission is related to the contractile speed of the fiber.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092180310
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