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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monomer-dimer equilibrium of the 1-methyl-2-methoxycarbonylpyridinyl radical in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran solution. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies by electron spin resonance spectroscopy (1982)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 104 (1982), S. 3711-3714 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00377a029
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serotonin nerve fibers in the primary visual cortex of the monkey (1984)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 169 (1984), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Primary visual cortex ; Monkey ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A quantitative and immunoelectronmicroscopical analysis of serotonin nerve fibers in the primary visual cortex of the monkey (Macaca fuscata) was made using a sensitive immunoperoxidase method for serotonin. The overall numerical density of serotonin-containing varicosities in the primate striate cortex was approximately 770,000/mm3 and the highest concentration of immunore-active varicosities (ca. 1,400,000/mm3) was observed in the upper portion of layer IVc, the next highest concentration being in layer IVb (ca. 1,180,000/mm3). At the ultrastructural level, the electron dense immunoreactive products were observed in the small granules (10–65 nm in diameter). The varicosities were usually small (0.5–1.0 μm in diameter) and made contact with both stellate and pyramidal cells. Serotonin fibers were often in close apposition to the poorly myelinated axons in layers IVb, V, and VI, and they rarely formed distinct synaptic structures with unlabelled neuronal elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300581
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical demonstration of the serotonin neuron system in the central nervous system of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana (1984)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 169 (1984), S. 219-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Central nervous system ; Frog
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of serotonin immunoreactivity in the brain of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) was studied, using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistochemical method with serotonin antiserum. The somata of the serotonin neurons were mainly located in the raphe regions of the brain stem from the level of the caudal mesencephalon to that of the spinomedullary junction. A small number of serotonin neurons were also distributed as crebrospinal-fluid contacting neurons in the preoptic recess organ (PRO), the paraventricular organ (PVO), and the nucleus infundibularis dorsalis (Nid). In the raphe region, these serotonin neurons formed nearlycontinuous bilaterally-symmetrical cell columns along the caidline of the brain stem, divided into lateral and medial groups. The medial group was further subdivided into rostral and caudal parts. Processes of the serotonin neurons were widely distributed in the central nervous system, forming dense networks in various regions. The greates concentrations of these fibers were in the nucleus medialis speti, lateral portion of striatum, nucleus corporis geniculi, nucleus entopeduncularis, periventricular gray of ventral hypothalamus, optic tectum, nucleus isthmi, nucleus interpeduncularis, dorsal edge of medulla oblongata, and fasciculus solitarius.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315627
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical demonstration of serotonin neurons in the central nervous system of the turtle (Clemmys japonica) (1983)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 168 (1983), S. 1-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Central nervous system ; Turtle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The location of the somata, course of the main tracts, and fiber distribution of the serotonin neurons in the turtle brain were studied using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistochemical method with antibodies against serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine). The somata of the serotonin neurons were distributed in the reticular formation of the brainstem from the mesencephalon to the lower medulla level and in a resticted region of the hypothalamus, viz. the paraventricular organ (PVO). In the PVO the serotonin neurons were seen to have the appearance of cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons. Analysis of serial sections cut in the frontal and sagittal planes revealed a widespread distribution of the serotonin immunoreactive fibers in the turtle brain. Prominent concentrations of the serotonin immunoreactive fibers were found in the lateral portion of the striatum, the ventral portion of the septum, the nucleus corporis geniculati lateralis, the nucleus pretectalis, the nucleus isthmi parvocellularis, the optic tectum, and the lateral edge of the reticular formation of the brainstem. Ascending and descending serotonin pathways could be defined: the ascending pathway originated mainly from the nucleus profundus mesencephali caudalis, nucleus lemnisci lateralis, nucleus reticularis isthmi and, less prominently, from the nucleus raphe superior pars lateralis, and the descending pathway arose predominantly from the nucleus raphe inferior. The fibers of the ascending pathway projected widely in the prosencephalon and mesencephalon, via the medial forebrain bundle. The descending pathway ran through the ventral and lateral portion of the medulla oblongata and spinal cord.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305395
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical demonstration of serotonin nerve fibers in the hypothalamus of the cat (1983)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 168 (1983), S. 315-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Serotonin fiber ; Hypothalamus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Distribution of serotonin nerve fibers in the hypothalamus of the cat was studied using the peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistochemical method. There was a heavy concentration of serotonin nerve fibers in the nucleus suprachiasmaticus, the nucleus ventromedialis and the nucleus dorsomedialis. The distribution pattern of the serotonergic fibers in the cat was principally similar to that of the rat and monkey. However, species differences were noted in the mamillary complex, the nucleus hypothalamicus anterior, the nucleus paraventricularis and the nucleus supraopticus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304270
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The organization of serotonin fibers in the anterior column of the mammalian spinal cord (1983)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 167 (1983), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Serotonin fibers ; Anterior column ; Spinal cord ; Mammalia ; PAP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Detailed comparative analysis of the organization of serotonin fibers in the anterior column of the mammalian spinal cord (rat, guinea pig, cat, dog and monkey) was carried out by use of the indirect antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method. The plexus formation of serotonin-containing varicose fibers around the α-motoneurons in the monkey anterior horn was in much closer apposition to the cell bodies in comparison with the spinal cords of the rodents and carnivores. The results may suggest that anterior horn motoneurons in the simian spinal cord are intimately innervated by serotonin fibers in a manner different from that of rodents and carnivores. Furthermore, the small cell groups endowed with particularly dense networks of serotonin fibers were demonstrable in the anterior horn of L1–L2 segments of rats, and L3–L4 of guinea pigs and monkeys; however, in the lumbar levels of the carnivores this was not the case. Hence it seems doubtless that there exists in the lumbar anterior horn of the rodent and primate spinal cords a cell group with an unknown specialized function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304597
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Motoneurons innervating the cremaster muscle of the rat are characteristically densely innervated by serotoninergic fibers as revealed by combined immunohistochemistry and retrograde fluorescence DAPI-labelling (1983)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 168 (1983), S. 41-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Serotonin fibers ; Cremaster ; Immunohistochemistry ; DAPI ; Spinal cord ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The lumbar spinal cord of the rat was studied by combined retrograde fluorescent labelling with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole-2HCl (DAPI) and immunoperoxidase procedure using serotonin antiserum. A peculiar small neuronal group endowed more densely than other anterior horn neurons with serotonin-like immunoreactive fibers was recognized in the anterior column of lumbar segments L1–L2. At the same time, this small nucleus was shown to contain the motoneurons innervating the cremaster muscle by means of retrograde labelling with DAPI. It is tentatively suggested that the bulbospinal descending serotonin system is particularly intimately connected with the function of the cremaster muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305397
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical identification of the oxytocin and vasopressin neurons in the hypothalamus of the monkey (Macaca fuscata) (1982)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 165 (1982), S. 151-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Oxytocin neuron ; Vasopressin neuron ; Hypothalamus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Monkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The hypothalamic oxytocin and vasopressin neurons of the monkey, Macaca fuscata, were demonstrated in Golgi-like images by a modified immunoperoxidase method. The magnocellular oxytocin and vasopressin neurons were distributed mainly in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. In addition to these main nucleic, both types of magnocellular neurons were found in the accessory supraoptic nucleus, the periventricular and perifornical areas, the nucleus of the stria terminalis, the lateral hypothalamic area, and the pars interna of the globus pallidus. Magnocellular oxytocin neurons were seen immediately ventral to the anterior commissure, and parvocellular vasopressin neurons were localized in the medial portion of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. The preferential distribution of the oxytocin and vasopressin neurons was recognized not only in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, but also in other areas. In all areas observed, the cytological difference between the oxytocin and vasopressin neurons could be identified. The area, of the perikarya of the vasopressin neurons was determined to be larger than that of the oxytocin neurons. Most of the axons of the oxytocin neurons issued from the perikarya, while the axons of the vasopressin neurons originated in most cases from the thick proximal dendrites. These results show that the oxytocin and vasopressin neurons are distributed in areas much broader than has hitherto been assumed, and that these two peptidergic neurons can be definitely differentiated morphologically as well as functionally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305474
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The organization of serotonin fibers in the mammalian superior colliculus (1985)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 173 (1985), S. 13-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Serotonin fiber ; Superior colliculus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Rat, hamster, chipmunk, cat, and monkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of serotonin immunoreactivity in the superior colliculus (SC) of the rat, hamster, chipmunk, cat, and monkey was studied using a sensitive immunohistochemical method. In all of these animals, serotonin immunoreactivity formed a dense network of varicose fibers throughout the SC. These fibers had a characteristic arrangement corresponding to the laminar structures of the SC. Except in the chipmunk, serotonergic fibers were more dense in the stratum griseum superficiale than in the other layers. In the SC of the chipmunk, these fibers appeared evenly distributed. To explore the degree of scrotonergic innervation in each layer, a semi-quantitative assay of serotonin immunoreactive varicosities was conducted in the rat, chipmunk, cat, and monkey. Peaks in varicose density were seen in the stratum griseum superficiale, the stratum griseum intermedium and the stratum griseum profundum. In the rat, cat, and monkey, the highest density of these varicosities was in the stratum griseum superficiale. On the other hand, the stratum griseum intermedium of the chipmunk SC received the greatest innervation of serotonergic varicose fibers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00707300
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitativein situ hybridization to measure single-cell changes in vasopressin and oxytocin mRNA levels after osmotic stimulation (1990)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 10 (1990), S. 59-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: autoradiography ; morphometry ; biological models ; in situ hybridization ; neurohypophysial system ; supraoptic nucleus ; vasopressin ; oxytocin ; messenger RNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. The measurement of cellular mRNA content by quantitativein situ hybridization is a valuable approach to the study of gene expression in brain since this tissue exhibits a high degree of phenotypic heterogeneity. 2. The cellular content of vasopressin and oxytocin mRNA in hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system neurons was altered by maintaining rats for 24 hr on 2% sodium chloride water. 3. Statistical and graphical techniques were then used to analyze cell by cell how mRNA levels were altered as a result of osmotic stimulation. We propose that the negative binomial probability distribution is a suitable model to describe how mRNA content varies across a defined cell population. For both measures of oxytocin and vasopressin mRNA levels, maximum-likelihood estimation indicated that this model adequately described empirical findings obtained from rats drinking tap water or salt water. 4. Both graphical and statistical analyses suggested how the defined neural system responds to osmotic stimulation: mRNA content was altered as a multiplicative function of “initial state.” The utility and limitations of the quantitative approach are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00733636
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