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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 21 (1999), S. 28-29 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Conclusion L'agénésie de la vésicule biliaire est bien connue mais elle réalise une anomalie congénitale rare. Si la vésicule biliaire n'est pas visualisée dans son site normal, cette anomalie doit être fortement suspectée. Si au décours d'une laparoscopie, l'examen de toutes les localisations ectopiques n'est pas réalisable, la conversion par une laparotomie chirurgicale pour identifier les éventuelles localisations ectopiques nécessitent une large dissection chirurgicale exposant à des délabrements ; étant donné que les conditions cliniques ne menacent pas la vie du sujet, le plus souvent, il est préférable pour ces raisons de suggérer, plutôt qu'une laparotomie chirurgicale, des investigations utilisant l'endoscopie rétrograde des voies bilerais et hépatiques et le scanner abdominal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 21 (1999), S. 351-354 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Xiphoid branch ; Internal thoracic artery ; Variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Cette étude présente la fréquence d'une branche terminale de l'artère thoracique interne (ITA). L'ITA était canulée in situ, injectée avec du latex coloré et disséquée avec ses branches sur 62 cadavres. A la différence de la terminaison classique de l'ITA en deux branches, l'artère musculo-phrénique et l'artère épigastrique supérieure, une troisième branche naissait du bord médial de l'ITA au niveau du 6ème cartilage costal. Cette branche descendait en s'inclinant en dedans vers l'angle formé par le processus xiphoïde et le 7ème cartilage costal en donnant 2 ou 3 fines branches pour la partie inférieure du sternum. Elle passait en profondeur à ce niveau et pouvait être observée sur la face antérieure de l'appendice xiphoïde, se terminant en de fins rameaux distribués à la partie inférieure du cartilage xiphoïde. Il est proposé que cette branche qui correspond à une "trifurcation" de l'ITA, soit dénommée la branche xiphoïdienne. Cette branche est retrouvée dans 61,3 % des cas. Sa fréquence est de 30,7 % sur le côté droit et de 21 % sur le bord gauche et de 9,7 % dans une forme bilatérale. Cette branche xiphoïdienne contribue à vasculariser la partie inférieure du sternum et acquiert une importance spéciale quand la circulation collatérale est compromise en cas d'altération de l'ITA ou de l'artère épigastrique supérieure, ou en cas de l'utilisation de ce conduit pour les pontages artériels coronariens.
    Notes: Summary The study presents the incidence of a variant terminal branch of the internal thoracic artery (ITA). The ITA's were cannulated in situ, injected with coloured latex and dissected together with its branches in 62 cadavers. Unlike the usual termination of the ITA bifurcating into the musculophrenic and superior epigastric arteries, this third branch arose from the medial border of the ITA at the level of the 6th costal cartilage. As it descends it inclines medially towards the angle between the xiphoid process and the 7th costal cartilage, giving off 2 or 3 fine branches to the lower sternum. It then passes deep to this angle and can be observed on the anterior surface of the xiphoid process, terminating in fine branches distributed to the inferior aspect of the xiphoid cartilage. It is proposed that this branch at the “trifurcation” of the ITA be termed the xiphoid branch. This branch was noted in 61.3%. An incidence of 30.7% was seen on the right and 21% on the left with bilateral presence in 9.7%. The xiphoid branch contributes to the supply to the lower sternal region and may be of special importance when the collateral supply to the region is compromised in the event of the internal thoracic or superior epigastric artery damage or when used as a conduit in coronary artery by-pass grafts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 21 (1999), S. 77-81 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Left renal vein ; Variations ; Renal collar ; Retroaortic ; Posterior primary tributary
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The highly complex embryological development of the left renal vein compared to its right counterpart results in greater variations which are clinically significant. The study aimed to identify these variations and to document its incidence. Cadaveric study: 153 kidney pairs were harvested en bloc, dissected, 100 resin casts prepared and 53 plastinated; renal venography performed on further 58 adults and 20 foetal cadavers. Clinical study: (retrospective analysis): a) radiological study, 104 renal venograms; b) live related renal transplantation, 148 donor left kidneys; c) abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery, 525 patients. Total sample size: 1008. Renal collars observed in 0.3%; retro-aortic vein 0.5%; additional veins 0.4%; posterior primary tributary 23.2%, (16.7% Type IB; 6.5% Type IIB, cadaveric series, only). Our results differ significantly in incidence to that reported in the literature: renal collar 0.2-30%; retro-aortic vein 0.8-7.1%; additional renal vein 0.8-6%. Variations are clinically silent and remain unnoticed until discovered during venography, operation or autopsy. To a transplant surgeon, morphology acquires special significance, since variations influence technical feasibility of operation. Prior knowledge of circum-aortic vein is important when blood samples from suprarenal or renal veins are collected. Collar may provide developed collateral pathway immediately after surgery if renal interruption planned without awareness of its presence. Variations restrict availability of vein for mobilisation procedures. In aortic aneurysm repair, retro-aortic vein is important. During retroperitoneal surgery, the surgeon may visualise a pre-aortic vein but be unaware of an additional retroaortic component or a posterior primary tributary, and may avulse it while mobilising the kidney or clamping the aorta.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 21 (1999), S. 221-224 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Gall bladder ; Agenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'absence congénitale de la vésicule biliaire est une malformation dont l'incidence est évaluée de 0,013 à 0,075 %. Nous rapportons deux observations d'agénésie de la vésicule biliaire, représentant les premiers cas de l'Afrique du Sud, nous les confronterons au 413 cas de la littérature. Pour confirmer le diagnostic d'agénésie de la vésicule biliaire, il est nécessaire d'exclure les localisations vésiculaires anormales, soit intra-hépatiques, soit rétro-hépatiques, soit dans le foie gauche, soit à l'intérieur de l'omentum ou du ligament falciforme, voire même rétro-péritonéales. Les patients porteurs d'agénésie de la vésicule biliaire sont classés en trois catégories : 1) Sujets porteurs de multiples anomalies foetales (12,9 %) 2) Sujets asymptômatiques (33,6 %) 3) Sujets avec manifestations cliniques (55,6 %). Néanmoins, les modalités diagnostiques habituelles peuvent, dans de rares conditions, se présenter dans le cadre d'une urgence chirurgicale abdominale. L'agénésie de la vésicule biliaire est une malformation bien connue, mais reste une anomalie rare. Avec l'avènement des abords chirurgicaux à minima, la laparotomie peut être évitée à condition que dans les cas suspectés, on réalise une exploration par endoscopie rétrograde des voies biliaires et pancréatiques (ERCP) et un scanner abdominal.
    Notes: Summary Congenital absence of the gall bladder is an extremely rare embryological aberration with a reported incidence ranging between 0.013 and 0.075%. This report, the first from South Africa, discusses 2 cases of gall bladder agenesis, bringing to 413 the number of cases reported in the literature. In confirming the diagnosis of an agenesis of the gall bladder, it is necessary to exclude the abnormal locations which are intrahepatic, retrohepatic, on the left side, or within the lesser omentum or falciform ligament and retroperitoneal. Patients with gall bladder agenesis are classified into 3 categories: i) Multiple foetal anomaly (12.9%), ii) Asymptomatic (31.6%) and iii) Symptomatic (55.6%). Notwithstanding current diagnostic modalities, this rare condition may still present a dilemma to the abdominal surgeon. Agenesis of the gall bladder is a well-recognised but uncommon congenital abnormality. With the advent of minimal access surgery laparotomy may be avoided as the condition, when suspected, may be confirmed by ERCP and CT scan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 22 (2000), S. 211-212 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Styloid chain ; Ossification ; Pseudarthrosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The styloid chain is defined as the styloid process of the temporal bone, the stylohyoid ligament and the lesser cornua of the hyoid bone. Unusually long, incidental bilateral styloid chain ossification is described. This paper is presented for its unusual incidence, unusual length, the presence of ossification rather than calcification and its embryological correlation. Brief mention is made on the embryology and clinical significance of this condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 21 (1999), S. 221-224 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Gall bladder ; Agenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Congenital absence of the gall bladder is an extremely rare embryological aberration with a reported incidence ranging between 0.013 and 0.075%. This report, the first from South Africa, discusses 2 cases of gall bladder agenesis, bringing to 413 the number of cases reported in the literature. In confirming the diagnosis of an agenesis of the gall bladder, it is necessary to exclude the abnormal locations which are intrahepatic, retrohepatic, on the left side, or within the lesser omentum or falciform ligament and retroperitoneal. Patients with gall bladder agenesis are classified into 3 categories: i) Multiple foetal anomaly (12.9%), ii) Asymptomatic (31.6%) and iii) Symptomatic (55.6%). Notwithstanding current diagnostic modalities, this rare condition may still present a dilemma to the abdominal surgeon. Agenesis of the gall bladder is a well-recognised but uncommon congenital abnormality. With the advent of minimal access surgery laparotomy may be avoided as the condition, when suspected, may be confirmed by ERCP and CT scan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 21 (2000), S. 351-354 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Xiphoid branch ; Internal thoracic artery ; Variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The study presents the incidence of a variant terminal branch of the internal thoracic artery (ITA). The ITA’s were cannulated in situ, injected with coloured latex and dissected together with its branches in 62 cadavers. Unlike the usual termination of the ITA bifurcating into the musculophrenic and superior epigastric arteries, this third branch arose from the medial border of the ITA at the level of the 6th costal cartilage. As it descends it inclines medially towards the angle between the xiphoid process and the 7th costal cartilage, giving off 2 or 3 fine branches to the lower sternum. It then passes deep to this angle and can be observed on the anterior surface of the xiphoid process, terminating in fine branches distributed to the inferior aspect of the xiphoid cartilage. It is proposed that this branch at the “trifurcation” of the ITA be termed the xiphoid branch. This branch was noted in 61.3%. An incidence of 30.7% was seen on the right and 21% on the left with bilateral presence in 9.7%. The xiphoid branch contributes to the supply to the lower sternal region and may be of special importance when the collateral supply to the region is compromised in the event of the internal thoracic or superior epigastric artery damage or when used as a conduit in coronary artery by-pass grafts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 20 (1998), S. 243-247 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Morphometry ; Internal thoracic artery ; Proximal, middle and distal segments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The surgical significance of the internal thoracic arteries (ITA’s) in procedures such as coronary artery bypass grafting, transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps and minimal incision direct coronary artery bypass surgery is well recognised. However, the detailed morphometry of these vessels is not well documented. This study aimed to detail the morphometry of the ITA’s. Morphometric analysis of these vessels from post mortem en-bloc specimens, consisting of aortic arch, great vessels and ITA’s with anterior chest wall was conducted on 62 adults. The mean lengths and diameters of the ITA’s at the origin, costal cartilage levels and termination were: length of the right ITA, 18.05 ± 0.6 cm and the left, 18.085 ± 0.6 cm. The average diameters recorded at the origin, first costal cartilage, fourth costal cartilage and termination were: right : 3.24 ± 0.5 mm; 2.85 ± 0.4 mm; 2.33 ± 0.6 mm; 1.98 ± 0.2 mm and left: 3.05 ± 0.4mm, 2.67 ± 0.3 mm; 2.22 ± 0.3 mm; 1.92 ± 0.2mm respectively. Morphometry of the ITA’s are detailed. There was no significant difference in length between right and left ITA’s although differences between the race groups were demonstrated. Significant differences in diameters in sides and race exist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 20 (1998), S. 243-247 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Morphometry ; Internal thoracic artery ; Proximal, middle and distal segments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'importance chirurgicale des artères thoraciques internes (ATI) dans des techniques telles que la prise de greffon pour pontage coronarien, la réalisation de lambeaux myocutanés à l'aide du muscle transverse de l'abdomen et les pontages coronaires par chirurgie mini-invasive est bien connue. Cependant, la morphométrie détaillée de ces vaisseaux n'est pas bien documentée. Cette étude a pour but de préciser la morphométrie des artères thoraciques internes. Une analyse morphométrique de ces vaisseaux à partir de sujets post-mortem portant en bloc sur la crosse aortique, les gros vaisseaux et les artères thoraciques internes avec la paroi thoracique antérieure a été menée chez 62 adultes. Les longueurs et diamètres moyens des ATI à leur origine, au niveau des cartilages costaux et à leur terminaison étaient: longueur ATI droite 18.05 ± 0.6 cm et longueur ATI gauche 18.08 ± 0.6 cm. Les diamètres moyens mesurés à l'origine, au niveau du premier cartilage costal, du quatrième et à la terminaison étaient respectivement : à droite : 3,24 ± 0,5 mm; 2,85 ± 0,4 mm ; 2,33 ± 0,6 mm ; 1,98 ± 0,2 mm ; à gauche : 3,05 ± 0,4 mm ; 2,67 ± 0,3 mm ; 2,22 ± 0,3 mm ; 1,92 ± 0,2 mm. La morphométrie des artères thoraciques internes est détaillée. II n'y a pas de différence significative de longueur entre le côté droit et le côté gauche, bien que des différences selon les groupes raciaux aient été démontrées. II existe des différences significatives de diamètres selon les côtés et la race.
    Notes: Summary The surgical significance of the internal thoracic arteries (ITA's) in procedures such as coronary artery bypass grafting, transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps and minimal incision direct coronary artery bypass surgery is well recognised. However, the detailed morphometry of these vessels is not well documented. This study aimed to detail the morphometry of the ITA's. Morphometric analysis of these vessels from post mortemen-bloc specimens, consisting of aortic arch, great vessels and ITA's with anterior chest wall was conducted on 62 adults. The mean lengths and diameters of the ITA's at the origin, costal cartilage levels and termination were: length of the right ITA, 18.05 ± 0.6 cm and the left, 18.085 ± 0.6 cm. The average diameters recorded at the origin, first costal cartilage, fourth costal cartilage and termination were: right : 3.24 ± 0.5 mm; 2.85 ± 0.4 mm; 2.33 ± 0.6 mm; 1.98 ± 0.2 mm and left: 3.05 ± 0.4 mm, 2.67 ± 0.3 mm; 2.22 ± 0.3 mm; 1.92 ± 0.2mm respectively. Morphometry of the ITA's are detailed. There was no significant difference in length between right and left ITA's although differences between the race groups were demonstrated. Significant differences in diameters in sides and race exist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 21 (1999), S. 77-81 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Left renal vein ; Variations ; Renal collar ; Retroaortic ; Posterior primary tributary
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Du développement embryologique très complexe de la veine rénale gauche, comparé à son homologue droit, il résulte d'importantes variations, significatives du point de vue clinique. Le but de cette étude est d'identifier ces variations et de préciser leur fréquence. 1-Recherches cadavériques : (153 paires de reins ont été prélevées en bloc, disséquées) 100 moulages par résines et 53 plastinations. En outre, des phlébographies rénales post-mortem ont été réalisées, 58 chez des adultes, 20 chez des fœtus. 2-Etudes cliniques (analyse rétrospective) : a) radiologiques : 104 veinogrammes rénaux, b) lors de transplantations rénales : 148 reins gauches de donneurs, c) au cours de la chirurgie de l'anévrysme de l'aorte thoracique : 525 patients. Soit, au total, 1008 reins. Le collier rénal a été observé dans 0,3 % de la série ; la v. rétro-aortique, 0,5 %, des vv. rénales supplémentaires : 0,4 % ; enfin, un collecteur rénal postérieur existait dans 23,2 % des séries cadavériques (16,7 % du type IB de notre classification et 6,5 % du type II B). Nos résultats diffèrent de façon significative par leur faible fréquence de celle relatée dans la littérature : collier rénal (0,2–30 %), veine rétro-aortique (0,8–7,1 %), veine rénale supplémentaire (0.8–6%). Les variations sont silencieuses cliniquement et demeurent méconnues jusqu'à leur découverte par phlébographie, opération ou autopsie. Pour le chirurgien transplanteur, la morphologie a une signification particulière puisque les variations déterminent la faisabilité technique ou non de l'opération. La connaissance préalable de la veine circum-aortique est importante lors du prélèvement d'échantillons sanguins des veines surrénaliennes ou rénales. Le collier rénal peut favoriser la formation d'un réseau collatéral dense immédiatement après l'opération, si l'interruption de la veine rénale est pratiquée sans connaissance de ce dispositif. Les variations restreignent l'utilisation de la veine dans les techniques de mobilisation. Lors de la cure d'un anévrysme aortique, l'existence d'une veine rétro-aortique est importante à connaitre. Lors d'une intervention rétro-péritonéale, le chirurgien repère la veine pré-aortique, mais il méconnait une branche rétro-aortique supplémentaire, ou un tronc primaire postérieur qu'il peut léser en mobilisant le rein ou en clampant l'aorte.
    Notes: Summary The highly complex embryological development of the left renal vein compared to its right counterpart results in greater variations which are clinically significant. The study aimed to identify these variations and to document its incidence. Cadaveric study: 153 kidney pairs were harvested en bloc, dissected, 100 resin casts prepared and 53 plastinated; renal venography performed on further 58 adults and 20 foetal cadavers. Clinical study: (retrospective analysis): a) radiological study, 104 renal venograms; b) live related renal transplantation, 148 donor left kidneys; c) abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery, 525 patients. Total sample size: 1008. Renal collars observed in 0.3%; retro-aortic vein 0.5%; additional veins 0.4%; posterior primary tributary 23.2%, (16.7% Type IB; 6.5% Type IIB, cadaveric series, only). Our results differ significantly in incidence to that reported in the literature: renal collar 0.2–30%; retro-aortic vein 0.8–7.1%; additional renal vein 0.8–6%. Variations are clinically silent and remain unnoticed until discovered during venography, operation or autopsy. To a transplant surgeon, morphology acquires special significance, since variations influence technical feasibility of operation. Prior knowledge of circum-aortic vein is important when blood samples from suprarenal or renal veins are collected. Collar may provide developed collateral pathway immediately after surgery if renal interruption planned without awareness of its presence. Variations restrict availability of vein for mobilisation procedures. In aortic aneurysm repair, retro-aortic vein is important. During retroperitoneal surgery, the surgeon may visualise a pre-aortic vein but be unaware of an additional retroaortic component or a posterior primary tributary, and may avulse it while mobilising the kidney or clamping the aorta.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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