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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A model for the involvement of MHC class II proteins in the development of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in response to bovine serum albumin peptides (1993)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 36 (1993), S. 364-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Conclusions Considerations of the structure of a candidate initiating antigen have led us to propose a new model for the susceptibility to Type 1 diabetes. It is quite likely there are other antigens of similar structure of viral or bacterial origin that will provoke a similar response directed against islet beta cells. However, we believe that this hypothesis will provide a framework for the further investigation and research into the mechanism of development of Type 1 diabetes and for the design of therapeutic manoeuvres for its prevention.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400243
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diet, cow's milk protein antibodies and the risk of IDDM in Finnish children (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 381-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Infant feeding ; dairy products ; cow's milk protein antibodies ; IDDM ; childhood ; islet cell antibodies ; insulin autoantibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Associations of infant feeding patterns and milk consumption with cow's milk protein antibody titres were studied in 697 newly-diagnosed diabetic children, 415 sibling-control children and 86 birth-date-and sex-matched population-based control children in the nationwide “Childhood Diabetes in Finland” study. IgA and IgG antibody titres to the proteins of cow's milk formula, BLG and BSA, and IgM antibody titres to cow's milk formula proteins were measured by ELISA. Several inverse correlations were observed between the duration of breast-feeding or age at introduction of dairy products and antibody titres, and positive correlations were observed between milk consumption and antibody titres in all three populations studied. Multivariate analyses which included the infant feeding variables, milk consumption and current age simultaneously showed that the earlier the introduction of dairy products and the greater the consumption of milk was, the higher several antibody titres were. High IgA antibody titres to cow's milk formula were associated with a greater risk of IDDM both among diabeticpopulation-control and diabetic-sibling-control pairs when adjusted for other cow's milk antibody titres, dietary variables and in diabetic-sibling-control pairs also for ICA. The results suggest that young age at introduction of dairy products and high milk consumption during childhood increase the levels of cow's milk antibodies and that high IgA antibodies to cow's milk formula are independently associated with increased risk of IDDM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408475
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Significance of cow's milk protein antibodies as risk factor for childhood IDDM: interactions with dietary cow's milk intake and HLA-DQB1 genotype (1998)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 41 (1998), S. 72-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Cow's milk protein antibodies ; infant feeding ; dairy products ; human leucocyte antigens ; IDDM ; children.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Dietary factors are suspected to play an aetiological role in the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). We analysed cow's milk formula, betalactoglobulin, and bovine serum albumin antibodies by an enzyme-linked immunoassay in unselected children with newly diagnosed IDDM and in their non-diabetic siblings and enquired about infant feeding practices by questionnaire. Among 410 diabetic sibling pairs matched for age and sex, by logistic regression analysis – including overall duration of breast-feeding, age at introduction of dairy products, recent consumption of cow's milk and HLA-DQB1 genotype (“high/moderate” vs “low/decreased” risk of IDDM) – bovine serum albumin IgG antibody levels (OR 2.12, 95 %CI 1.25–3.57) and genetic risk (OR 3.81, 95 %CI 2.43–5.17) were positively associated with IDDM; cow's milk formula IgM antibodies were inversely associated with the risk of IDDM (OR 0.50, 95 %CI 0.29–0.87). Of the diabetic sibling pairs, 42 were identical for HLA-DQB1 alleles associated with IDDM risk or protection (DQB1*0201, *0301, *0302 and *0602/03). In these 42 pairs, children with IDDM had higher median levels of bovine serum albumin IgG, of betalactoglobulin IgG, and of cow's milk formula IgG and IgA antibodies than the non-diabetic siblings (p 〈 0.05). In conclusion, children with IDDM have higher levels of cow's milk protein antibodies than their HLA-DQB1-matched sibling controls, and these high levels of antibodies are independent risk markers for IDDM. [Diabetologia (1998) 41: 72–78]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050869
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diet, cow's milk protein antibodies and the risk of IDDM in Finnish children (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 381-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Infant feeding, dairy products, cow's milk protein antibodies, IDDM, childhood, islet cell antibodies, insulin autoantibodies.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Associations of infant feeding patterns and milk consumption with cow's milk protein antibody titres were studied in 697 newly-diagnosed diabetic children, 415 sibling-control children and 86 birth-date- and sex-matched population-based control children in the nationwide “Childhood Diabetes in Finland” study. IgA and IgG antibody titres to the proteins of cow's milk formula, BLG and BSA, and IgM antibody titres to cow's milk formula proteins were measured by ELISA. Several inverse correlations were observed between the duration of breast-feeding or age at introduction of dairy products and antibody titres, and positive correlations were observed between milk consumption and antibody titres in all three populations studied. Multivariate analyses which included the infant feeding variables, milk consumption and current age simultaneously showed that the earlier the introduction of dairy products and the greater the consumption of milk was, the higher several antibody titres were. High IgA antibody titres to cow's milk formula were associated with a greater risk of IDDM both among diabetic-population-control and diabetic-sibling-control pairs when adjusted for other cow's milk antibody titres, dietary variables and in diabetic-sibling-control pairs also for ICA. The results suggest that young age at introduction of dairy products and high milk consumption during childhood increase the levels of cow's milk antibodies and that high IgA antibodies to cow's milk formula are independently associated with increased risk of IDDM. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 381–387]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408475
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An increased level of antibodies to β-ltoglobulin is a risk determinant for early-onset Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus independent of islet cell antibodies and early introduction of cow's milk (1992)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 35 (1992), S. 980-984 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; children ; β-lactoglobulin antibodies ; cow's milk protein antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using a case-control design we have studied whether antibodies to cow's milk proteins are risk determinants for childhood-onset Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus independent of early exposure to cow's milk formula and islet cell antibodies. Sera from 116 recentonset diabetic children and 112 age- and sex- matched control children were analysed for cow's milk protein IgA, IgG and IgM antibodies, β-lactoglobulin IgA and IgM antibodies and islet cell antibodies. The titres were compared to questionnaire data on duration of breast-feeding and introduction of formula feeding. Most antibody levels tended to be increased among diabetic compared to control children. This was statistically significant for cow's milk protein IgA antibodies (p 〈0.001) and β-ltoglobulin IgA antibodies (p 〈0.01) as well as for islet cell antibody-positivity which was found among 92% of the diabetic and 3% of control children. The differences in cow's milk protein antibodies as well as β-lactoglobulin antibodies were more pronounced among children with an early onset of Type 1 diabetes. Breast-feeding duration was significantly inversely related to the log of β-Mactoglobulin IgG (r = −0.16, p = 0.04) and the log of cow's milk protein IgA antibodies (r = −0.17, p〈0.001). A positive correlation was found between formula feeding and the logarithm of β-lactoglobulin IgG antibodies (r = 0.22, p = 0.01) and the log of cow's milk protein IgA antibodies (r = 0.16, p = 0.04). In a multiple logistic regression analysis it was found that IgA antibodies to β-lactoglobulin and cow's milk protein were significantly related to the risk of Type 1 diabetes independent of islet cell antibodies. When introducing formula feeding before the age of 4 months as a variable in the regression it was shown that islet cell antibodies and β-lactoglobulin IgA antibodies were still significantly and independently related to an increased risk of diabetes whereas cow's milk protein IgA antibodies did not add further to the regression. It is concluded that β-lactoglobulin IgA antibodies are significantly associated with an increased risk of diabetes at a young age independent of islet cell antibody-status and of an early weaning to cow's milk formula. In genetically susceptible children early exposure to β-actoglobulin might be one trigger in the autoimmune process leading to development of Type 1 diabetes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401429
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disease-associated anti-bovine serum albumin antibodies in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus are detected by particle concentration fluoroimmunoassay, and not by enzyme linked immunoassay (1992)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 35 (1992), S. 985-990 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Bovine serum albumin antibodies ; Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; enzyme linked immunoassay ; particle concentration fluoroimmunoassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We recently developed a particle concentration fluoroimmunoassay for the measurement of serum antibodies to bovine serum albumin in patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. We observed elevated IgG-anti-bovine serum albumin antibodies in 100% of newly-diagnosed diabetic children and in 2.5% of matched control children. Here we compare the fluoroimmunoassay and the more commonly available enzyme linked immunoassay technique, exchanging coded serum samples from 40 newly-diagnosed diabetic children and 179 control children between two laboratories. Particle concentration fluoroimmunoassay detected elevated IgG-anti-bovine serum albumin antibodies in all diabetic children, enzyme immunoassay in 25% (p 〈0.0001). Fluoroimmunoassay detected elevated levels in 2.2% and enzyme immunoassay in 10% of control children (p 〈0.002). Elevated IgA-antibovine serum albumin antibodies in patients were slightly more often detected by fluoroimmunoassay than by enzyme immunoassay, while in control children enzyme immunoassays detected elevated levels three times more often (p 〈0.01). Values measured in either assay showed overall no correlation in either patient (IgG: rs = 0.28; IgA: rs = 0.11) or control sera (IgG: rs = 0.02; IgA: rs = -0.05). Fluoroimmunoassay for IgG was 100% disease-sensitive (enzyme immu-noassay: 25%, p 〈0.0001) and more disease-specific (IgG; p 〈0.02). Our findings demonstrate that these assay techniques detected distinct subsets of anti-bovine serum albumin antibodies with little (IgG) or some (IgA) overlap. In fluoroimmunoassay procedures, antigen: antibody binding occurs within 1–2 min while hours are allowed in an enzyme immunoassay. Antibodies with high on-off binding rates typical for immune responses following hyperimmunization are therefore measured preferentially by particle concentration fluoroimmunoassay and it is these antibodies which appear to be associated with diabetes. These observations emphasize the need for epidemiological surveys to validate immunoassay procedures used for clinical purposes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401430
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transient IgA and IgM deficiencies are frequent in children with ulcerative colitis (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 147 (1988), S. 184-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Ulcerative colitis ; Immunoglobulins ; HLA antigens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Serum immunoglobulin levels in 22 children with ulverative colitis were followed for 2 years after diagnosis of the disease. A statistically significant depression of IgA, IgM, and IgG was noticed; depression of IgA and IgM was most frequent. The depression of immunoglobulin levels was transient and was most prominent during the first year of treatment. All patients in the study received sulphasalazine. Disease activity or steroid medication had no influence on immunoglobulin levels. The development of immunoglobulin deficiencies was not connected with any HLA antigen; we found decreased frequency of antigen B7 in the whole group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442219
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased whole blood chemiluminescence in patients with Shwachman syndrome: therapy trial with thiamine and α-tocopherol (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 150 (1991), S. 173-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Infant, newborn diseases ; Antioxidants ; Blood ; Luminescence ; Oxygen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Neutrophils purified from peripheral blood of patients with the Shwachman syndrome show enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) and depressed chemotaxis. Here we present data showing that the increased CL response can be demonstrated by using a whole blood CL assay. This assay is well-suited for studies in infants, because the blood sample volumes needed are small. Increase in CL was most distinct in the initial (1 min) activation induced by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. The 1-min response is considered to derive from extracellular production of oxygen radicals. Such an extracellular oxygen radical production may render the patients susceptible to undue oxidant stress. We therefore treated the patients with two antioxidants, thiamine and α-tocopherol, for 3 months. This supplementation, however, failed to exert any significant effect on either whole blood CL or migration of the patients' neutrophils under agarose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01963560
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphometric and immunohistochemical study of jejunal biopsies from chilren with intestinal soy allergy (1981)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 137 (1981), S. 63-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Intestinal immunoglobulins ; Intestinal soy allergy ; Jejunal mucosa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A morphometric and immunohistochemical restudy was made of jejunal biopsy specimens from 5 patients with soy allergy and the results obtained were compared to those from specimens taken before soy feeding and to those at a later time. All the patients had had previous cow's milk allergy with malabsorption. Gastrointestinal symptoms presented within two weeks of starting the soy based formula but in two patients the symptoms were mild and these patients were able to continue soy feeding. Jejunal biopsy specimens taken within 3 days from the reaction to soy showed villous atrophy associated with crypt hyperplasia and an increased cell renewal rate. Also, these specimens showed an inflammatory reaction in the lamina propria and in the epithelium, and the numbers of IgA- and IgM-containing cells were increased. Later, when the soy proteins were eliminated, the morphology of the jejunum improved and the cell numbers were reduced to normal. The intestinal damage and the local immune reaction caused by soy proteins are similar to those seen in cow's milk allergy with malabsorption. The immunological mechanisms operating in these diseases are thought to be the cause of these changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00441172
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased frequency of IgM antibodies to cow's milk proteins in Hungarian children with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 155 (1996), S. 885-889 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: β-Lactoglobulin antibodies ; Bovine serum albumin antibodies ; Cow's milk antibodies Hungary ; IDDM
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the association between serum antibodies to cow's milk proteins and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in Hungarian children. Forty-eight children 1.0–17.1 years of age with newly diagnosed IDDM and 74 control children 1.0–16.0 years of age were studied for serum IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies to cow's milk, β-lac-ctoglobulin, bovine serum albumin and ovalbumin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The specificity of IgM antibodies to β-lactoglobulin and bovine serum albumin was controlled by Western blot. The levels of IgG and IgA antibodies to cow's milk proteins were similar in children with and without IDDM, with the exception of slightly increased levels of IgA antibodies to β-lactoglobulin in diabetic children (P = 0.05). The levels of IgM antibodies to cow's milk were significantly higher in IDDM patients than in control children (P = 0.0002). Children with IDDM more often had IgM antibodies to β-lactoglobulin (46.3% vs 18.8%;P = 0.002) and bovine serum albumin (87.8% vs 49.3%,P 〈 0.0001) than control children. Neither the levels of IgG or IgA antibodies to ovalbumin nor the frequency of IgM antibodies to ovalbumin differed between diabetic and control children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02282839
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