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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European food research and technology 196 (1993), S. 407-409 
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract For provenance assignments of wines strontium isotope ratios can be used because soils from different wine-growing regions, and hence the wines grown there, each show specific ratios. Some successful applications are demonstrated.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zur Herkunftsbestimmung von Weinen können Strontium-Isotopenverhältnisse herangezogen werden, da die Böden verschiedener Weinbaugebiete, und damit die dort gezogenen Weine, jeweils spezifische Verhältnisse aufweisen. Einige erfolgreiche Anwendungen werden demonstriert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 341 (1991), S. 131-135 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Mössbauer spectroscopy can be performed in transmission and backscattering geometry. The backscattered conversion electrons and X-rays can be used for nondestructive phase analysis on surfaces. Based on their different interactions in materials, they enable analyses of different depths. It is of particular interest to measure backscattering radiation and γ-ray transmission simultaneously. Based on the hyperfine parameters of the Mössbauer spectra information about phases, structures, defects and magnetic properties can be obtained. Besides the qualitative analysis in general an accurate quantitative phase analysis is possible. For example spectra of laser treated alloys are shown. It is the purpose of this note to demonstrate the use of these different types of radiation (electrons, X-ray and γ-ray) in analyzing surface phenomena.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Keywords: laser nitriding ; iron nitrides ; stainless steel ; annealing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Laser nitriding is used for the fast and easy production of nitride coatings on iron and alloys. Here, first results of the laser nitriding process applied to stainless steel are reported. The laser treatment led to the appearance of additional lines in the Mössbauer spectra, which are attributed to γ-Fe(N) produced by the laser nitriding process. The Mössbauer results are discussed in connection with the results obtained from X-ray diffraction and resonant nuclear reaction analysis. Furthermore, the results of isochronical annealing treatments of laser nitrided iron are reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Keywords: Magnetron Sputtering ; Iron ; Aluminum ; Intermetallic phases ; oxidation ; Mössbauer Spectroscopy ; CEMS ; RBS ; HRSEM
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Fe-Al intermetallic alloys have been considered as protective materials against corrosion. We have studied the properties of such intermetallic coatings Fe x Al1−x (x ≤ 0.5) on the aluminum-rich side and their oxidation behaviour. The samples were prepared using rf-magnetron sputtering. The composition and layer thickness were determined by Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM). Conversion Electron Mössbauer Spectroscopy (CEMS) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) were applied for phase analysis. We report here on the oxidation of such coatings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hyperfine interactions 57 (1990), S. 2101-2104 
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Conversion electrons, conversion X-rays and transmitted γ-rays were used to determine magnetic structures. The penetration depths of these radiations allow the material to be scanned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hyperfine interactions 111 (1998), S. 113-119 
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Keywords: iron nitrides ; laser nitriding ; Mössbauer spectroscopy ; RNRA ; RBS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Nitriding of iron and steels is well known to improve hardness, wear and corrosion resistance of surfaces. Recently, it has been found that a simple irradiation of iron and steel with pulses of an excimer laser in air or nitrogen leads to a significant nitrogen take-up into the surface and to improvements in the surface properties. The mechanisms of the laser-nitriding process are not yet understood but the nitrification will be proved by several methods. Among these, Mössbauer spectroscopy is very powerful, especially when Conversion Electron and Conversion X-ray Mössbauer Spectroscopy (CEMS and CXMS) are applied simultaneously. Nevertheless, only a combination of methods gives a satisfying overview of the laser induced nitriding processes: Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) and Resonant Nuclear Reaction Analysis (RNRA) were also used to characterize the treated surfaces. First measurements show an increase of the hardness and the wear resistance with the number of pulses. From the results of the CEMS analyses this should be correlated with the increase in the fraction of the ε-phase. This may be important for industrial applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hyperfine interactions 113 (1998), S. 429-434 
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Keywords: laser nitriding ; iron nitrides ; CEMS ; CXMS ; RNRA ; nanoindentation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of the nitrogen take‐up upon irradiation of iron or steel with excimer laser pulses in air or in nitrogen atmosphere is well established. The resulting phase compositions and nitrogen depth profiles were measured by a combination of simultaneous Conversion Electron Mössbauer Spectroscopy (CEMS), Conversion X‐ray Mössbauer Spectroscopy (CXMS), and Resonant Nuclear Reaction Analysis (RNRA) as a function of the nitrogen gas pressure during irradiation. A maximum nitrogen content and a maximum fraction of the ɛ-nitride was found at 0.1 MPa. This result is in accordance with hardness measurements performed by the nanoindentation technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hyperfine interactions 95 (1995), S. 199-225 
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Laser-nitriding may be a promising technique for substituting conventional nitriding processes. We have irradiated pure iron with pulses of an excimer laser and achieved high nitrogen contents in a thin surface layer. We found that the nitrogen is dissolved into γ-Fe, leading to a large amount of retained austenite. This was also verified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Three subspectra can be resolved in the Mössbauer spectra (CEMS) for this nitrogen austenite. The nitrogen concentration can be calculated in terms of site occupation, indicating a content as high as 16(1) at%, which is consistent with the results of Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), resonant nuclear reaction analysis (RNRA) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) measurements. This is more than the solubility limit for γ-Fe(N). By reactive magnetron-sputtering it is possible to produce thin iron nitride films of various stoichiometries. We report on the production ofε-Fe x N and FeN y films. These films were again characterized by CEMS, RBS, RNRA (15N(p, αγ)) and XRD. Forε-Fe x N, produced in the range 2⩽x⩽3 with medium nitrogen flows during reactive sputtering, the Mössbauer spectra can be well resolved in terms of different iron sites, enabling an accurate calculation of the nitrogen content. For high nitrogen flows during sputtering a phase FeN y withy〉0.5 is produced. This phase is not reported in the Fe-N phase diagram.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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