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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 9 (1973), S. 140-144 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Hypophysectomy ; growth hormone ; corticotrophin ; insulin secretion ; biosynthesis of proinsulin and insulin ; protein synthesis ; isolated pancreatic islets ; epiphyseal cartilage of the tibia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hypophysectomized rats were substituted with varying doses of human or porcine growth hormone (GH) as well as with ACTH for 6 or 12 days. Hypophysectomy was performed in animals of 80 or 170 g body weight either 12 or 4 weeks prior to the onset of the therapy. Increase in weight and the width of the epiphyseal cartilage were determined, insulin secretion and biosynthesis of proinsulin and insulin, were investigated in isolated pancreatic islets of the animals. — No differences were found between the effects of human and poreine GH preparations. Weight gain was similar in rats which had been hypophysectomized at a weight of 80 g either 12 or 4 weeks prior to the substitution. Secretion and biosynthesis of insulin which were both found to be reduced in isolated islets of untreated, hypophysectomized rats, were improved or normalized after substitution with GH (1 mg/kg/day) for 12 days. On the other hand, a therapy with GH for 6 days, even in tenfold daily dose (10 mg/kg), was ineffective in all rats which had been hypophysectomized at a weight of 80 g. Normalisation of lowered levels of blood sugar was the only positive effect observed after an administration of ACTH for 6 or 12 days. — It appears from our findings that, in contrast to the administration of ACTH, GH given to hypophysectomized rats for a longer period in relatively low doses may normalize both reduced secretion and biosynthesis of insulin.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Biguanides ; glibenclamide ; insulin secretion ; insulin biosynthesis ; isolated pancreatic islets ; isolated perfused pancreas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Partant de l'observation clinique selon laquelle le traitement biguanidique des obèses peut altérer les taux réactifs d'insuline, les auteurs ont étudié l'influence de la metformine et de la phenformine sur la sécrétion basale d'insuline et sur la sécrétion stimulée par le glucose, ainsi que sur la biosynthèse de l'insuline dans les îlots isolés de rats. — Des concentrations de biguanide de 100 μg/ml ou plus réduisaient ou inhibaient significativement la sécrétion d'insuline stimulée par le glucose. Un effet proportionnel à la dose et une différence dans l'activité intrinsèque de la metformine et de la phenformine ont été démontrés. Lors de l'incubation des mêmes îlots pendant une seconde période sans biguanide, la sécrétion d'insuline stimulée par le glucose s'est avérée diminuée également après préincubation avec les biguanides. L'addition de glibenclamide au cours de cette seconde période augmentait la sécrétion d'insuline, mais ne surmontait pas l'inhibition complète provoquée après incubation dans des concentrations très élevées de biguanides. La biosynthèse de la proinsuline et de l'insuline stimulée par le glucose était diminuée en présence de biguanides ou, pour de très fortes concentrations, complètement supprimée. L'inhibition de la respiration cellulaire dans les cellules des îlots, provoquée par de fortes doses de biguanides est considérée comme la cause de l'inhibition de la sécrétion et de la biosynthèse de l'insuline. — D'autre part, une libération d'insuline a été trouvée pour une concentration très élevée de phenformine de 10 mg/ml. Une libération d'insuline, décrite dans la littérature, qui se produit au cours d'une perfusion du pancréas isolé du rat avec des doses plus élevées de biguanides, a également été observée. — Les concentrations de biguanide qui se sont révélées efficaces dans cette étude sont très élevées par rapport aux taux thérapeutiques. En outre, on sait que l'action des biguanides dépend de l'espèce, de la concentration et de la situation métabolique. — D'après ces résultats, des conclusions définitives en ce qui concerne la signification clinique ne semblent donc pas justifiées.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Ausgehend von der klinischen Beobachtung, daß bei übergewichtigen Patienten die reaktiven Insulinspiegel durch Biguanidbehandlung veränderbar sind, wurde an isolierten Langerhansschen Inseln von Ratten der Einfluß von Metformin und Phenformin auf die basale und glucosestimulierte Insulinsekretion sowie auf die Insulinbiosynthese untersucht. — Biguanidkonzentrationen von 100 μg/ml aufwärts erniedrigten bzw. hemmten die glucosestimulierte Insulinsekretion isolierter Inseln, wobei sowohl eine Dosis-Wirkungsbeziehung als auch Unterschiede in der intrinsischen Aktivität von Metformin und Phenformin nachweisbar waren. Wurden dieselben Inseln in einer 2. Periode ohne Biguanidzusatz inkubiert, so war die glucosestimulierte Insulinsekretion auch nach der Vorinkubation mit Biguaniden erniedrigt. Zusatz von Glibenclamide in dieser 2. Inkubationsperiode steigerte die Insulinsekretion, konnte jedoch nicht die komplette Hemmung durchbrechen, die nach Vorinkubation der Inseln mit sehr hohen Biguaniddosen erzielt wurde. — Die glucosestimulierte Biosynthese von Proinsulin und Insulin wurde durch Biguanide in höherer Konzentration reduziert, bei sehr hoher Konzentration völlig unterdrückt. Eine Atmungshemmung der Inselzellen durch hohe Biguaniddosen könnte zur Erklärung der Hemmung von Sekretion und Biosynthese von Insulin herangezogen werden. — Bei der extrem hohen Phenformink onzentration von 10 mg/ml wurde andererseits eine Insulinfreisetzung aus den isolierten Inseln beobachtet. Die in der Literatur beschriebene Insulinfreisetzung während der Perfusion des isolierten Rattenpankreas mit höheren Biguaniddosen wurde ebenfalls gefunden. Die Biguanidkonzentrationen, die sich in dieser Arbeit als wirksam erwiesen, liegen im Vergleich zu therapeutisch erreichbaren Spiegeln sehr hoch. Weiters ist aber auch die Abhängigkeit der Biguanidwirkung von Species, Konzentration und Stoffwechselausgangslage bekannt. Es sollten daher aus diesen Befunden keine definitiven Schlüsse hinsichtlich ihrer klinischen Bedeutung gezogen werden.
    Notes: Summary Based on the clinical observation that biguanide treatment of obese patients may alter insulin levels, the influence of metformin and phenformin on basal and glucose stimulated insulin secretion, as well as on insulin biosynthesis, was studied in isolated islets of rats. — Biguanide concentrations of 100 μg/ml, or higher, significantly reduced glucose stimulated insulin secretion. Both dose dependence and a difference in the intrinsic activities of metformin and phenformin were demonstrated. Incubating the same islets for a second period without biguanides, glucose stimulated insulin secretion was still decreased. Addition of glibenclamide during this second period increased insulin secretion, but did not overcome complete inhibition achieved after incubation at very high biguanide concentrations. Glucose stimulated biosynthesis of proinsulin and insulin was decreased in the presence of biguanides and completely suppressed at very high concentrations. Inhibition of cell respiration in the islet cells effected by high biguanide doses may be the reason for the inhibition of secretion and biosynthesis of insulin. — On the other hand, an insulin release was found at the highest phenformin concentration of 10 mg/ ml and during perfusion of the isolated rat pancreas with higher biguanide doses. — Biguanide concentrations found to be effective in this study are very high compared with therapeutic levels. Moreover, biguanide actions are known to be highly dependent on species, concentration and metabolic situation. — Definite conclusions from these findings regarding clinical significance, therefore, seem unwarranted.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Diabetes, angiostatin, VEGF, bFGF, angiogenesis, retinopathy, cytokine, growth factors, photocoagulation, retina.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is a major debilitating disease causing most cases of blindness in humans in the Western world. Photocoagulation is the established therapy of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, although the molecular mechanisms of its effects are still not known. Recently angiostatin has been characterized as a potent inhibitor of neovascularization. Apart from a possible down-regulation of angiogenic cytokines, release of angiostatin could initiate the anti-angiogenic effects of retinal photocoagulation.¶Methods. We investigated the regulation of angiostatin and the angiogenic cytokines vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor in vivo by comparing vitreal concentrations of 18 control patients and 34 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy with and without previous photocoagulation. Concentrations of basic fibroblast growth factor and angiostatin were additionally measured in serum, while vascular endothelial growth factor is known to be regulated locally in the eye. Cytokines were measured by immunological methods.¶Results. Angiostatin could be detected in 2 out of 18 control patients and in 25 out of 34 diabetic patients (p 〈 0.00 001). Most importantly, production of angiostatin in human vitreous correlated significantly with previous retinal photocoagulation (p 〈 0.0001) in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Only two patients (one control and one diabetic) had detectable serum concentrations of angiostatin. Additionally patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and with previous photocoagulation had significantly lower concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (0.9 ± 0.1 ng/ml; p 〈 0.0001) than diabetic patients without previous photocoagulation (4.0 ± 0.8 ng/ml). The investigation of vitreal and serum basic fibroblast growth factor concentrations yielded no significant differences between the groups.¶Conclusion/interpretation. Angiostatin is not a regularly expressed angiogenesis inhibitor in human vitreous. The alterations we observed suggest that local release of angiostatin and down-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor mediate the therapeutic effects of retinal photocoagulation in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. [Diabetologia (2000) 43: 1404–1407]
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Glucose tolerance ; insulin ; growth hormone ; obesity ; biguanide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An 16 adipösen Patienten wurden der Glucoseassimilationskoeffizientk G sowie die radio-immunologisch meßbaren Serumspiegel von Insulin und Wachstumshormon während einer intravenösen Glucosebelastung 1. vor, 2. nach einer Woche und 3. nach 10 Wochen peroraler Behandlung mit 2 × 850 mg Dimethyl-biguanid bestimmt. - Die Patienten wurden nach dem ursprünglichenk G Wert in 3 Gruppen eingeteilt: Gruppe 1: 7 Patienten,k G 〉 1.3. Gruppe 2: 7 Patienten,k G 〈 1.3. Gruppe 3: 2 Patienten mit manifestem Diabetes mellitus. — In Gruppe 1 ergab sich keine signifikante Änderung des Mittelwertes vonk G durch die Biguanidtherapie, die ursprüngliche Hyperinsulinämie nahm nach einer Woche auf die Hälfte ab. In Gruppe 2 kam es nach einer Woche zu einem signifikanten Anstieg von kG, die Insulinspiegel zeigten hier ein unterschiedliches Verhalten: Bei 4 Patienten wurde eine Senkung, bei 3 Patienten eine Erhöhung beobachtet. In Gruppe 3 fand sich nach einer Woche eine Senkung der Nüchternblutzuckerspiegel sowie eine Senkung der reaktiven Insulinspiegel in der Spätphase. Nach Absetzen des Medikamentes nach 10 Wochen waren in allen 3 Gruppen keine signifikanten Veränderungen gegenüber den Ausgangswerten nachweisbar. Die Mittelwerte der Wachstumshormonspiegel, die insgesamt unter 5 ng/ml blieben, ließen insbesondere in Gruppe 2 eine Abnahme unter Biguanidtherapie erkennen. Auffallend waren zeitliche Veränderungen der Sekretionsdynamik des Insulins, meist im Sinne einer Normalisierung; in 3 Fällen kam es jedoch zu einer Verschiebung des reaktiven Maximums in die Spätphase. — Die Untersuchungen zeigten, daß bei übergewichtigen Patienten ohne manifesten Diabetes mellitus eine gestörte intravenöse Glucosetoleranz durch Dimethylbiguanid normalisiert wird und daß bei Adipösen die Insulin- und Wachstumshormonspiegel meist im Sinne einer Normalisierung beeinflußt werden, wenn auch bei einzelnen Patienten ein gegensätzliches Verhalten gefunden wurde. Es ergaben sich Hinweise dafür, daß die Veränderungen der Insulinspiegel nicht immer allein durch eine periphere Biguanidwirkung verursacht sein dürften. Es ließ sich kein sicherer Langzeiteffekt von Dimethylbiguanid nachweisen, vielmehr erwies sich die aktuelle Konzentration des Pharmakons als stoffwechselwirksam.
    Notes: Résumé Le coefficient d'assimilation du glucose (kG), les taux sériques d'insuline immunoréactive (IRI) et l'hormone de croissance (GH) ont été déterminés à l'occasion d'une charge de glucose par voie intra-veineuse chez 16 malades obèses avant traitement, après traitement oral d'une semaine au diméthylbiguanide et après traitement de 10 semaines. -Les malades ont été groupés selon leurs valeurs kG initiales: groupe 1: 7 malades, kG 〉 1.3. -groupe 2: 7 malades, kG 〈 1.3. -groupe 3: 2 malades avec diabète établi. -Dans le groupe 1, les valeurs kG moyennes n'ont montré aucun changement significatif à la suite du traitement au biguanide, tandis que l'hyperinsulinémie initiale était réduite de moitié au
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Insulin secretion, protein kinase, insulin secreting cells, human CaMK II, cloning of new subtypes.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. The Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II) is highly expressed in pancreatic islets and associated with insulin secretion vesicles. The suppression of CaMK II disturbs insulin secretion and insulin gene expression. There are four isoforms of CaMK II, α to δ, that are expressed from different genes in mammals. Our aim was to identify the isoforms of CaMK II expressed in human beta cells by molecular cloning from a human insulinoma cDNA library and to assess its distribution in humans.¶Methods. The previously unknown complete coding sequences of human CaMK II β and the kinase domain of CaMK II δ were cloned from a human insulinoma cDNA library. Quantitative determination of CaMK II isoform mRNA was carried out in several tissues and beta cells purified by fluorescence activated cell sorting and compared to the housekeeping enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase.¶Results. We found CaMK IIβ occurred in three splice variants and was highly expressed in endocrine tissues such as adrenals, pituitary and beta cells. Liver showed moderate expression but adipose tissue or lymphocytes had very low levels of CaMK II β-mRNA. In human beta cells CaMK II β and δ were expressed equally with pyruvate dehydrogenase whereas tenfold lower expression of CaMK II γ and no expression of CaMK IIα were found.¶Conclusion/interpretation. Although CaMK II δ is ubiquitously expressed, CaMK II β shows preferential expression in neuroendocrine tissues. In comparison with the expression of a key regulatory enzyme in glucose oxidation, pyruvate dehydrogenase, two of the four CaM kinases investigated are expressed at equally high levels, which supports an important role in beta-cell physiology. These results provide the basis for exploring the pathophysiological relevance of CaMK IIβ in human diabetes. [Diabetologia (2000) 43: 465–473]
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 9 (1973), S. 135-139 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin secretion ; biosynthesis of proinsulin and insulin ; isolated pancreatic islets ; insulin content ; hypophysectomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Insulin secretion and biosynthesis of proinsulin and insulin were determined in isolated pancreatic islets of hypophysectomized rats. Control rats were of both same age and weight. Hypophysectomy was performed either 13 or 5 weeks prior to the investigation, the weight of the animals being either 80 or 170 g. Biosynthesis of insulin was estimated from the amounts of radioactivity incorporated into proinsulin and insulin after incubation of isolated islets at 50 or 300 mg% glucose in the presence of3H-leucine for 3 h. Islet proteins were separated on Sephadex G 50 fine. — Hypophysectomy resulted in a significant decrease of both glucose stimulated secretion and biosynthesis of insulin. It was found that this reduction was 1) more significant when compared with controls of same age 2) more marked in rats which had been hypophysectomized 13 weeks before than in rats after an interval of 5 weeks and 3) less in rats which had been hypophysectomized at a weight of 170 g than in rats in whom pituitary ablation was performed at a weight of 80 g. At basal glucose concentrations, no significant changes of both secretion and biosynthesis of insulin were apparent. The relation of radioactivity incorporated into proinsulin and insulin was unchanged under all conditions. Insulin content of the isolated islets used was found within about the same range in all rats, apart from the animals which had been hypophysectomized 13 weeks before. In islets of these rats, a reduction to 84% was observed. — Our findings may be explained by reduced sensitivity of the pancreatic B-cell to glucose and a slower rate of insulin biosynthesis after hypophysectomy.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; diabetic nephropathy ; G protein activation ; cellular signalling ; lymphoblasts ; platelet-activating factor.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Genetic susceptibility contributes significantly to the risk of developing nephropathy in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The cellular substrate for this has remained enigmatic. We investigated whether afflicted IDDM patients display an enhanced activation of pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive G proteins, a phenomenon which has been demonstrated in patients with essential hypertension. We established immortalised B lymphoblast cell lines from 10 IDDM patients without nephropathy (DC) and 15 IDDM patients with nephropathy (DN). Nephropathy was defined as a persistent albumin excretion rate of more than 20 μg/min (DC 3.9 ± 5.8, DN 562.3 ± 539.0 μg/min, respectively). Subjects were matched with regard to age (DC 28.9 ± 6.5, DN 35.9 ± 9.9 years), diabetes duration (DC 19.3 ± 6.9, DN 22.7 ± 5.8 years) and HbA1 c values (DC 8.5 ± 1.4, DN 8.8 ± 1.6 %). Reactivity of PTX-sensitive G proteins was quantified by measuring platelet-activating factor (PAF)-induced Ca2 + mobilisation (fura 2 method) and by mastoparan-stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding. Expression of Gαi proteins was quantified by Western blot analysis. PAF-evoked Ca2 + increases above baseline averaged 77.0 ± 52.5 nmol/l in DC and 150.7 ± 61.5 nmol/l in DN (p = 0.005). PAF-evoked Ca2 + increases correlated with stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding (r 2 = 0.42, p = 0.012). From Western blot analysis an overexpression of Gαi proteins could be excluded in DN. A consequence of the altered metabolic milieu in diabetes is the increased release of vasoactive and proliferative agonists which promote glomerular hyperfiltration, hypertrophy, enhanced matrix deposition, and, finally, glomerulosclerosis. Many of these auto- and paracrine agonists bind to G protein-coupled receptors. Therefore, their cellular effects are reinforced by the enhanced G protein reactivity and increase the propensity to nephropathy in IDDM. [Diabetologia (1998) 41: 94–100]
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 12 (1976), S. 441-446 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Sucrose ; increased body fat ; isolated perfused pancreas ; dynamics of insulin secretion ; hyperinsulinism ; insulin biosynthesis ; isolated islets of Langerhans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Long term feeding of a sucrose rich diet to rats is accompanied by a decreased glucose assimilation rate, despite high plasma insulin levels. Hyperinsulinism is at least partially based on a relative obesity, with increased amounts of abdominal- and retroperitoneal fat tissue, but unchanged total body weight compared to starch fed controls. The secretory pattern of insulin release was studied following glucose, arginine, fructose and sulfonylurea administration in the isolated perfused pancreas of sucrose and isocaloric starch fed rats. In addition, isolated islets of Langerhans were used to demonstrate the effects of glucose on insulin secretion and the incorporation of H-3 leucine into the proinsulin and insulin fraction of islet proteins. Following 11 mM glucose, the dynamics of insulin release in the isolated perfused pancreas of sucrose fed rats is characterized by a markedly elevated, late plateau-like response, usually seen only at higher glucose concentrations. Hyperinsulinism, as compared to starch fed controls, can also be demonstrated following arginine and the sulfonylurea HB-419, whereas fructose has no effect in the presence of low glucose concentrations. During incubation of the pancreatic islets, the hyperinsulinism in sucrose-, compared to starch fed rats, is more pronounced at 11 mM glucose than at 5.5 mM glucose. The incorporation of H-3 leucine into the proinsulin-insulin fraction of islet proteins in sucrose compared to starch fed rats, however, is significantly greater with glucose 5.5 mM than at high glucose level. In sucrose fed rats, secretion and biosynthesis of insulin thus appear to be elevated but closely linked only at physiological glucose concentration.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 60 (1982), S. 457-464 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Thyroglobulin ; Thyroid carcinoma ; Radioiodine therapy ; Thyroglobulin antibodies ; Metastases ; Thyreoglobulin ; Schilddrüsencarcinom ; Radiojodtherapie ; Thyreoglobulinantikörper ; Metastasierung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Um festzustellen, welche Wertigkeit der Thyreoglobulinmessung im Serum wegen differenzierten Schilddrüsencarcinoms thyreoidektomierter Patienten zukommt, wurde während der letzten 2 Jahre prospektiv der Verlauf der Thyreoglobulinspiegel (bis zu zwölfmal) bei 40 Patienten mit follikulärem oder papillärem Schilddrüsencarcinom nach Absetzen der Schilddrüsenhormongabe radioimmunologisch bestimmt und mit den Radiojodszintigrammen verglichen. In jeder Serumprobe wurden auch die Thyreoglobulinantikörper, ein möglicher Störfaktor der Thyreoglobulinbestimmung, radioimmunologisch gemessen. In der Mehrzahl der Fälle entsprachen Thyreoglobulinspiegel und Szintigramm einander, der Thyreoglobulinwert erlaubte aber eine exaktere Quantifizierung der Veränderungen der Tumormasse als die optische Beurteilung der Szintigramme. Bei einem der Patienten ergab die Szintigraphie einen völlig negativen, die Thyreoglobulinmessung hingegen einen deutlich positiven Befund: Bei diesem Patienten deckte die Röntgentomographie eine Lungenmetastase auf. Umgekehrt stellten sich bei Patienten ohne nachweisbares Thyreoglobulin radiojodspeichernde Metastasen im Szintigramm dar. Thyreoglobulin kann bei wegen differenzierten Schilddrüsencarcinoms thyreoidektomierten Patienten als Tumormarker betrachtet werden. Die Thyreoglobulinbestimmung kann jedoch nicht, wie es von einigen Autoren postuliert wurde, die Ganzkörperszintigraphie ersetzen, obwohl sie sich der Szintigraphie in manchen Fällen als überlegen erweist. Es empfiehlt sich daher die Kombination der Szintigraphie mit der Thyreoglobulinmessung für die Verlaufskontrolle von Patienten mit differenziertem Schilddrüsencarcinom.
    Notes: Summary For evaluating the clinical significance of thyroglobulin measurements for the follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma, thyroglobulin was determined radioimmunologically during the past 2 years (up to 12 times) in 40 patients after withdrawal of thyroid hormone. Thyroglobulin values were compared with whole-body scintigrams after radioiodine. Thyroglobulin antibodies, which may interfere in the radioimmunoassay for thyroglobulin, were also estimated by a radioimmunologic method. In the majority of cases, thyroglobulin levels corresponded to the scintigrams, however, the thyroglobulin level appeared to be a more precise index for changes in tumor tissue mass. In one patient the scintigram was negative, whereas considerable amounts of thyroglobulin were measured in the serum: X-ray tomography ravealed a lung metastase in this case. On the other hand, thyroglobulin was undetectable in the sera of patients who exhibited distinct metastases in the scintigram. Thyroglobulin can be regarded as a tumor marker in patients thyroidectomized for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. However, its determination can certainly not replace whole-body scintigraphy as postulated by several authors, although thyroglobulin measurement appears to be superior to scanning in some cases. A combined application of iodine scanning and thyroglobulin radioimmunoassay is thus advisable in the follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 65 (1987), S. 1095-1100 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Osteoporosis ; Osteocalcin ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The decoupling of bone formation and bone resorption causes an insidious bone loss that is responsible for the negative skeletal balance in the frequent form of low turnover osteoporosis. The reduction of bone formation can hardly be verified by clinical methods. Osteocalcin, a non-collagenous bone protein, has proved to be a useful new indicator of bone formation. To establish its predictable value, plasma levels of osteocalcin were compared to conventional serological data of bone turnover and to histomorphometric parameters of iliac crest trabecular bone. In cases of osteoporosis with normal bone turnover activity (as confirmed by histomorphometry) no differences were observed in any of our laboratory data including osteocalcin. However, there was a significant lower mean serum level of osteocalcin in a group of patients with histomorphometrically proven low turnover osteoporosis in comparison to those with normal bone turnover. Serum levels of osteocalcin below 2.0 ng/ml seem to indicate a low turnover in the individual case of osteoporosis while this is unlikely when serum levels above 6.0 ng/ml are measured (according to our RIA).
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