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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of thorium as a target in electron-spin analyzers (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 683-687 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Measurements of the effective Sherman function have been carried out for 10–100-keV spin-polarized electrons scattering from a thick thorium target in a retarding Mott analyzer. At 20 and 100 keV the dependence on the maximum energy loss accepted by the detector has been measured. Comparison is made with scattering from a 1250-A(ring) gold film. Thorium is seen to have a Seff up to 30% higher than gold. This higher Seff can not only improve the figure of merit of a spin detector, but also lessen its sensitivity to instrumental asymmetries. Comparison is also made with preliminary theoretical results. Good agreement between theory and experiment is seen in the thorium Sherman function relative to that of gold.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140383
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved low-energy diffuse scattering electron-spin polarization analyzer (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An improved low-energy diffuse scattering electron-spin polarization analyzer is described. It is based on the low-energy (150 eV) diffuse scattering of polarized electrons from polycrystalline evaporated Au targets. By collecting large solid angles and efficiently energy filtering the scattered electrons, a maximum figure of merit, FOM=S2I/I0=2.3×10−4 is achieved. Maximum measured values of the Sherman function were S=0.15. Further, the instrumental (false) asymmetry due to changes in the trajectory of the incident electron beam has been minimized by balancing the angular and displacement asymmetries. A total residual scan asymmetry as low as 0.0035/mm has been measured over 4-mm scan fields at the Au target in the detector. This instrumental asymmetry would produce a maximum error in the polarization in a SEMPA experiment of less than 0.3% for a 100-μm full-field scan. Details of the design and performance of the new detector are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140575
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic microstructure of the (0001) surface of hcp cobalt (1989)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 55 (1989), S. 2553-2555 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetic domain structure of the (0001) surface of a hcp cobalt crystal was investigated using scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis (SEMPA). This is the first observation by SEMPA of both out-of-plane and in-plane magnetization components. The perpendicular magnetization imaged with SEMPA showed a branched structure very similar to that previously observed by magneto-optic Kerr microscopy. In addition, a previously unobserved in-plane magnetic substructure was measured. The in-plane magnetization is divided into well-defined submicron domains that appear to reflect the sixfold symmetry of the crystal surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.101979
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long range order in 2-D arrays of nanometer-sized Fe islands on CaF2/Si(111) (invited) (abstract) : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5056-5056 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effective magnetic moment was measured as a function of Fe island size during the initial stages of Fe growth on CaF2/Si(111) in an ultrahigh vacuum scanning electron microscope equipped with an in situ SMOKE analysis chamber. This substrate was selected for its wide bandgap, chemical inertness, viability of integration into an Si based technology and the availability of nanopatterning using electron beams for producing devices. Fe grown at room temperature initially nucleates into a monodisperse distribution of 3-D islands at very high nucleation densities (8×1012/cm2). Increased Fe coverages lead to 2-D island growth. A room temperature superparamagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transition occurs as a function of Fe island radius. Mean field and Monte Carlo calculations illustrate that three distinct magnetic phases exist as a function of island diameter. Ferromagnetic order is present at room temperature when r(approximately-greater-than)3 nm, superparamagnetism is favored when 2 nm 〈 r 〈3 nm, and a frustrated random antiferromagnetic phase exists when r〈2 nm. Further depositions of Ag on superparamagnetic Fe island arrays produce Ag islands which couple the covered Fe island moments in-plane, implying that the Ag mediates the magnetic exchange between individual Fe islands within an Ag island. Implications for 2-D giant magnetoresistance devices will be discussed. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361570
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct observation of the alignment of ferromagnetic spins by antiferromagnetic spins (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 405 (2000), S. 767-769 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The arrangement of spins at interfaces in a layered magnetic material often has an important effect on the properties of the material. One example of this is the directional coupling between the spins in an antiferromagnet and those in an adjacent ferromagnet, an effect first discovered ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35015515
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defect induced lowering of activation energies at step bands in Co/Cu(100) (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 912-914 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Complex topological features such as rectangular voids and step inclusions that were seen in secondary electron micrographs of Co films grown on Cu(100) at room temperature were reproduced in Monte Carlo simulations in the presence of step bands. Lowered activation energies at defects such as steps, kinks, and vacancies enhance step edge restructuring during growth and upon annealing. This results in features such as faceted step edges, rectangular pits, incorporation of Co into terraces, surface alloying, and surface segregation. Simulated growth structures are directly compared with those observed in an ultrahigh vacuum scanning transmission electron microscope. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.120871
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field-induced metastable states in ultrathin films of fcc Fe/Cu(100) (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 1036-1038 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The thickness dependence of both the perpendicular and in-plane magnetization is observed for pseudomorphic ultrathin, fcc Fe epitaxial films grown on room temperature Cu(100). Ferromagnetically ordered 3.5-monolayer-thick films display both in-plane and perpendicular remanence. Perpendicular remanence, lost after a 9.0 kOe static field is applied perpendicular to the film plane, can be restored by either heating or applying large in-plane fields. These field-induced metastable states are interpreted in terms of magnetoelastic effects which modify the exchange and anisotropy constants both perpendicular to and within the film plane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.110962
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Absolute magnetometry at nanometer transverse spatial resolution: Holography of thin cobalt films in a scanning transmission electron microscope (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 7418-7424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A method for the absolute measurement of magnetization at nanometer spatial resolution in magnetic thin films has been developed. A biprism placed in the illumination system of a scanning transmission electron microscope allows the operation of two distinct holography modes. The absolute mode displays a linear change in phase difference for regions of constant magnetization and thickness and the slope determines the magnitude of magnetization. The differential mode displays a constant value of phase difference in these regions allowing a simple and straightforward determination of domain wall profiles. Micromagnetic structure extracted from identical areas of thin Co films is compared using the new holography modes, differential phase constrast Lorentz microscopy and conventional Fresnel Lorentz microscopy in the same instrument.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356658
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface magnetization processes investigated by the combined surface magneto-optical Kerr effects in Fe/Cu(100) thin films : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 5589-5591 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Surface and ultrathin-film anisotropies in epitaxial fcc Fe thin films grown on room temperature Cu(100) single crystals in an ultrahigh vacuum has been investigated, in situ, by the combined surface magneto-optical Kerr effects (SMOKE). When the applied field is perpendicular to the film surface, rotation processes occurring between out-of-plane and in-plane directions suggest the presence of an induced uniaxial (canted) anisotropy directed out of the plane of the film. This hypothesis is tested with a simple coherent rotation model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355650
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlations between ultrathin film microstructure and magnetic properties for room temperature epitaxial films of fcc Fe/Cu(100) (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 7422-7430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Correlation studies between thin film nanostructure and macroscopic magnetic properties in ultrathin fcc Fe films grown epitaxially on room temperature Cu(100) substrates were performed in situ using an ultrahigh vacuum scanning transmission electron microscope and the surface magneto-optic Kerr effect. Nanometer lateral spatial resolution secondary electron microscopy revealed no gross morphological changes in the 2–10 monolayer thickness range. The use of broad-beam Auger electron spectroscopy as an indicator of Cu surface cleanliness is shown to have insufficient sensitivity to detect surface contamination as evidenced by corresponding secondary electron micrographs. Cu(100) surfaces with both (nearly) perfect and imperfect surface structure, and identical Fe coverages, possess nearly identical polar and longitudinal Kerr hysteresis loops. Analysis of reflection high-energy electron diffraction patterns confirms that Fe films grown on room temperature Cu(100) remain fcc with the same in-plane lattice constant as the Cu template, for thicknesses up to 10 ML.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354990
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