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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: Endoscopic ultrasound—Three-dimensional imaging—Esophageal cancer—Tumor staging—Colorectal cancer.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of three-dimensional endoluminal ultrasound of gastrointestinal tumors. Methods: Sixteen patients with esophageal, gastric, or colorectal tumors underwent endoscopic ultrasound. Three-dimensional ultrasound data were obtained from multiple serial images of a miniprobe (360°, 12.5 MHz) and processed on a PC-based 3D workstation. Results: Adequate three-dimensional ultrasound scans were obtained in eight patients with esophageal cancer and five patients with colorectal cancer. Three-dimensional image processing enabled visualization of the data as a multiplanar display or as a life-like three-dimensional view. The availability of arbitrary scan planes improved the assessment of local tumor spread and the spatial relation of the tumor to relevant adjacent structures (e.g., major vessels). Three-dimensional presentations provided realistic views of the anatomy and facilitated the interpretation of the ultrasound images. Conclusions: Three-dimensional display and the ability to review endoluminal ultrasound data interactively may improve the staging of gastrointestinal tumors. These preliminary data encourage further evaluation of this technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 60 (1982), S. 1455-1459 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Interferon ; Antiproliferative effect ; Colony tumor growth ; Solid malignant tumors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The antiproliferative effect of fibroblast interferon (IF-β) on the colony tumor growth of 42 miscellaneous carcinomas (15 gastric, 11 breast, eight colon, five ovarian, three bronchial) and two malignant melanomas were assayed in a semisolid, double-layered agar culture system. Of the 44 evaluable experiments only four tumor specimens (three breast-, one gastric carcinoma) showed at least a 30% inhibition of colony formation due to application of interferon at concentration of 1,000 IU/ml or less. In these cases, a dose response relationship of the interferon effect was obvious. Yet, in the majority of carcinomas investigated, interferon had no antiproliferative influence on colony tumor growth and was markedly inferior to a simultaneously tested cytostatic agent (adriamycin). Our in vitro results contradict a general direct cytotoxic action of interferon on human solid carcinomas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 43 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aims:  To investigate the prognostic significance of chromosomal alterations in colorectal cancer patients. Histopathological tumour classification is still considered to be the gold standard for the characterization of solid tumours. However, it is well known that such established parameters do not satisfactorily predict the clinical outcome in individual cases. Markers that reliably predict survival are needed. These markers should guide the clinical treatment of neoplastic disease.Methods and results:  Chromosomal imbalances in 61 colorectal carcinoma specimens in 37 patients determined by comparative genomic hybridization were correlated with patient survival using custom-made computer software which enabled the assessment of individual chromosomal loci. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that over-representations of 2p14-15, 6q23-6q24, 15q22-15q23, 22q11.2 and deletions of 1p36.1-36.2, 4q31.3, 4q35, 8q12-q21, 8p11.2 and 9p22 were significantly associated with shorter disease-specific survival, whereas over-expression of 20q13.3 and deletion of 18q11.2 were significantly associated with longer disease-specific survival in this collection of colorectal cancers. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models consistently identified gains of 2p14-15, 15q22-23, 22q11.2 and losses of 1p36.1-36.2 and 4q35 as independent markers of shorter patient survival carrying greater significance than the classical clinicopathological parameters of nodal status and tumour grade.Conclusions:  These five markers allow a molecular categorization of patients into high and low clinical risk groups. Thus, the genomic data have refined the histopathological classification highlighting the necessity for a supplementary genetically based stratification of colorectal cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-7276
    Keywords: Galβ1 ; 3GalNAc sialyltransferase ; Galβ1 ; 4GlcNAc human colon carcinoma analysis ; sialyltransferase acceptors ; surgical specimens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The amount and type of sialylation of tumor cell membranes depends on the activity of a number of different sialyltransferase enzymes. For the detection of specific activities in human colorectal carcinoma tissue several glycoprotein and glycolipid acceptors were used: desialylated fetuin, α1-acid glycoprotein, β2-glycoprotein I, ovine submaxillaris mucin, and the gangliosides GM1, GM2, GM3 and GD1a. Because of their possible relevance for metastasis, precursors of Lea and Lex antigens, too, were employed, namely neoglycolipids produced by coupling LcOse4 or NeoLcOse4 oligosaccharides tol-α-phosphatidyl-ethanol-amine-dipalmitoyl. Our data indicate that human colorectal tumor tissue contains two highly active sialyltransferase enzymes, which are only weakly expressed in normal mucosa. These are a N-glycan-specific α2,6-sialyltransferase, which was significantly increased in metastasizing tumors, and a Galβ1,3Gal-NAc-specific sialyltransferase, which was increased in tumors of early stages. A shift to enhanced α2,6-sialylation of membrane glycoproteins during carcinogenesis was demonstrated by lectin ELISA analysis of magneto-bead separated tumor cells. Quantitative determination of specific sialyltransferase activities may be a sensitive tool for detection and monitoring of colon carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Cell Biology International Reports 14 (1990), S. 140 
    ISSN: 0309-1651
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 11 (1987), S. 689-698 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les problèmes les plus sérieux qui se manifestent après gastrectomie totale et rétablissement de la continuité gastro-intestinale par une simple oesophago-jéjunostomie peuvent être attribuées à l'absence d'un réservoir, au lieu et place de l'estomac, et à l'oesophagite par reflux alcalin. Ils peuvent être évités à l'aide de la constitution d'une poche jouant le rôle de réservoir, à l'insertion basse du canal biliaire et au plissement du jéjunum. Les explorations post-opératoires qui ont été pratiquées plus d'un an après l'intervention ont permis aux auteurs de constater que les résultats subjectifs et objectifs étaient presque identiques à ceux des sujets porteurs de leur estomac. La seule constatation divergente a été représentée par l'élévation de l'excrétion des graisses.
    Abstract: Resumen El problema más serio que se presenta después de una gastrectomía total con reconstrucción de la continuidad gastrointestinal mediante una simple esofagoyeyunostomía puede ser achacado a la ausencia de un reservorio primario y a la esofagitis por reflujo alcalino. Estas dificultades pueden ser subsanadas por medio de la construcción de una bolsa como sustituto gástrico, una inserción baja de la desembocadura biliar, y la plicación yeyunal para prevenir el reflujo. El seguimiento personal de los patientes operados (por más de un año después del procedimiento de sustitución gástrica) ha revelado hallazgos, tanto subjetivos como objetivos, que son casi idénticos con los registrados en individuos con estómago intacto. El hallazgo más protuberante es una elevada excreción de grasa.
    Notes: Abstract The most serious of the problems that arise after total gastrectomy and reconstruction of a continuous gastrointestinal tract by means of a simple esophagojejunostomy can be ascribed to the lack of primary reservoir formation and to alkaline reflux esophagitis. These difficulties can be overcome by means of pouch formation, low insertion of the bile duct, and jejunal plication. Personal follow-up examinations in patients (over 1 year after gastric substitution have yielded both subjective and objective findings that are almost identical with those recorded in a subject with intact stomach. The one striking finding to emerge remains an elevated fat excretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 19 (1995), S. 282-286 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le cancer de l'anus est rare, représentant 1–2% de tous les cancers du tube digestif. En raison de cette rareté même, et parce que plusieurs modalités thérapeutiques ont déjà été proposées et évaluées, il est difficile d'établir une conduite à tenir standardisée. Pendant une assez longue période de temps, on a pensé que la chirurgie d'exérèse radicale était le chemin à suivre, et de nos jours encore, 30% des patients ont une amputation abdomino-périnéale. Cependant, des récidives ont été observées dans 20–40% des cas après une telle mutilation. D'autres modalités thérapeutiques ont été proposées dans le but de conserver la fonction sphinctérienne comprenant la radiothérapie externe ou interne, et la chimiothérapie. Pendant ces dernières années, on s'est beaucoup intéressé à l'association radiothérapie (50 Gy) et chimiothérapie (5-fluoracile + mitomycine C) qui, à présent, semble être la modalité la plus efficace en cas de cancer avancé. Avec cette association, on obtient un contrôle tumoral dans 60–80% des cas et il semble que cette modalité combinée améliore la durée de la survie sans maladie. En dépit de sa toxicité, on conseille la radiochimiothérapie comme modalité initiale pour la plupart des patients.
    Abstract: Resumen El cáncer anal es una rara entidad clinica que representa el 1–2% de todos los cánceres del tracto gastrointestinal. Debido a lo infreenente de esta neoplasia maligna, ha sido dificil establecer guías'de aceptación general para el tratamiento, aunque diversas modalidades terapéuticas han sido evaluadas. Por un largo tiempo la cirugia radical constituyó el tratamiento primario para todos los cánceres anales y todavía alrededor de 30% de los pacientes son sometidos a proctectomia abdominoperineal. Sin embargo, se registran tasas de recurrencia del orden de 20–40% luego de este procedimiento mutilante. Es por ello que en forma creciente se usan otras opciones de tratamiento, incluyendo la radioterapia, externa o intersticial, y la quinnioterpia, con la intención de conservar la función del esfinter. En los últimos affos se ha generado considerable interés en la terapia multimodal con irradiación (50Gy) y quimioterapia (5 fluoruracilo y mitomieina C). En el momento actual la radioquimioterapia parece ser la forma más eficaz de tratamiento en el cáncer anal avanzado. Se logra el control local-regional del tumor en 60–80% de los pacientes y hay evidencía de que la radioquimioterapia puede mejorar la sobrevida libre de enfermedad. A pesar de sa considerable toxicidad, la radioquimioterapia debe ser recomendada como el tratamiento primario en la mayoría de los casos.
    Notes: Abstract Anal cancer is a rare clinical entity which represents 1–2% of all gastrointestinal tract cancers. Due to the paucity of this malignancy it has been difficult to establish generally accepted guidelines for treatment, although various therapy modalities have been evaluated. For a long time radical surgery was the primary treatment for anal cancer and still about 30% of the patients undergo abdominoperineal rectotomy. However, recurrence rates of 20–40% have been observed after this multilating procedure. Therefore, other treatment options, including external or interstitial radiotherapy and chemotherapy, are used increasingly with the intention to preserve sphincter function. In the last years much interest has been addressed to multimodal therapy with radiation (50 Gy) and chemotherapy (5 fluouracil and mitomycin C). Presently radiochemotherapy appears to be the most efficient therapy in advanced anal cancer. Locoregional tumor control is obtained in 60–80% of the patients and there is evidence that radiochemotherapy can improve disease-free survival. Despite considerable toxicity, radiochemotherapy should be recommended as primary therapy to most patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 11 (1987), S. 504-510 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Contrastant de plus en plus avec le traitement standardisé des cancers primitifs gastro-intestinaux, la thérapeutique des récidives loco-régionales n'est pas uniforme. Dans la majorité des cas le traitement des récidives ne peut être assuré par la seule chirurgie. Il est nécessaire d'avoir recours à des méthodes complémentaires. La récidive des cancers colo-rectaux dépend de facteurs propres au processus tumoral qui contre-carrent l'action de la chirurgie. Chez près de 50% des malades qui présentent une récidive locale, il est constaté une généralisation de la tumeur lors du diagnostic. Plus de 75% des malades accusant des troubles, ce fait vient discréditer les examens post-opératoires. Le pourcentage des malades opérés pour récidive locale a légèrement augmenté au cours des 25 dernières années. Il atteint 26.4% dans la série des auteurs. Le temps médian de survie est de 19 mois chez des malades qui subissent une intervention dite radicale, de 13 mois lorsque l'intervention n'est pas radicale, de 6–8 mois quand l'intervention est palliative. L'état des ganglions, allant de paire avec la tumeur primitive, représente un facteur décisif: 27% des malades N0 peuvent subir une nouvelle résection, celle-ci n'étant possible que dans 13% des cas pour les malades N1. Dans le cas du cancer gastrique les chances de guérison des récidives loco-régionales sont minimes du fait que l'exérèse des ganglions lymphatiques lors de l'intervention initiale se solde souvent par une carcinose péritonéale généralisée. Seules les récidives au niveau du moignon gastrique peuvent subir une résection secondaire susceptible d'être radicale. Le taux des malades opérés pour une récidive de cancer gastrique est inférieur à 10%. En outre, comme l'intervention exploratrice est grevée d'une lourdre mortalité, les cancers inopérables devraient être dépistés grâce aux nouvelles méthodes d'investigations. En raison de ces résultats décourageants, il semble indispensable d'avoir recours à des essais contrôlés de modalités thérapeutiques complémentaires: chimiothérapie et radiothérapie pré-, per-, et post-opératoires, ces moyens adjuvants étant susceptibles de réduire le taux des récidives.
    Abstract: Resumen En contraste con las formas cada vez más estandarizadas de tratamiento de los cánceres gastrointestinales primarios, la estrategia terapéutica frente a las recurrencias locorregionales requiere enfoques altamente individualizados. En la mayoría de los pacientes no es posible la curación, y si ésta se logra es sólo mediante la combinación de cirugía y otras modalidades terapéuticas adyuvantes. En las recurrencias del cáncer colorrectal diversos factores relativos a la biología tumoral limitan los alcances quirúrgicos. Alrededor del 50% de los pacientes presentan extensión tumoral generalizada en el momento en que se hace el diagnóstico de una recurrencia local, y más del 75% presentan síntomas contra sólo 25% en quienes un seguimiento meticuloso permite la detección de la recurrencia locorregional en el estado asintomático. El porcentaje de pacientes operados para curación ha aumentado apenas ligeramente en el curso de los últimos 25 años; en nuestra serie la tasa es de 26.4%. Estos pacientes son los que más se benefician y exhiben una supervivencia media de 19 meses, comparada con 13 meses para aquellos sometidos a procedimientos no radicales, y 6–8 meses para los sometidos a intervenciones paliativas. El estado de los ganglios del tumor primario es un factor decisivo: 27% de los pacientes en estado N0 pudieron ser resecados en contraste con sólo 13% del estado N1. En el cáncer gástrico la posibilidad de curación en recurrencias locorregionales es mínima porque la remoción de los ganglios de drenaje linfático con la operación primaria da lugar a carcinomatosis peritoneal generalizada en casi todos los casos. Solamente en el caso de recurrencia en el muñón gástrico una resección secundaria puede ser de carácter radical. La tasa de resección en pacientes con recurrencia de cáncer gástrico es de menos de 10%. Teniendo en cuenta que aún una laparotomía resulta en elevada mortalidad operatoria, las situaciones inoperables deben ser identificadas preoperatoriamente mediante procedimientos de imagenología. Puesto que no existen enfoques promisorios en el manejo de las recurrencias, deben estudiarse los ensayos clínicos con terapias adyuvantes, tales como quimio y radioterapia, intra y postoperatoria, con ocasión de la resección del tumor primario con el propósito de rebajar la tasa de recurrencias.
    Notes: Abstract In contrast to the more standardized treatment of primary gastrointestinal cancers, the therapeutic concept in locoregional recurrences requires very individualized approaches. In most patients cure cannot be obtained and those patients who are cured are cured only by combining surgery with adjunctive treatment modalities. In recurrences of colorectal cancer, tumor biological factors limit surgical efforts. In about 50% of the patients, generalized tumor spread is present at the time of diagnosis of a local relapse. More than 75% of the patients present with symptoms thus calling into question the effect of routine follow-up examinations. The percentage of patients operated on for cure has only slightly increased during the past 25 years. In our series the rate is 26.4%. These patients benefit most, showing a median survival time of 19 months compared to 13 months in nonradical procedures and 6–8 months in palliative interventions. Nodal status of the primary tumor is very important: 27% of the patients with N0 could be re-resected compared to only 13% with N1 histological findings. In gastric cancer, the chance for cure in locoregional recurrences is minimal since the removal of the draining lymph nodes at the primary operation leads to generalized peritoneal carcinomatosis in almost all patients. Only in recurrences in the gastric stump should secondary resection be radical. Less than 10% of patients undergo resection for gastric cancer recurrence. Since even explorative laparotomy yields a high operative mortality, inoperable situations should be identified preoperatively by imaging procedures. Since encouraging approaches in the treatment of recurrences are lacking, adjuvant pre-, intra-, and postoperative chemo- and radiotherapy at the time of resection of the primary tumor should be evaluated in controlled trials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 70 (1999), S. 123-132 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Liver metastases ; Staging ; Curative resection ; Prognosis. ; Schlüsselwörter: Lebermetastasen ; Staging ; kurative Resektion ; Prognose.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Für Patienten mit Lebermetastasen stellt heute die chirurgische Therapie mit 5-Jahres-Überlebensraten von 25–35 % die einzige Chance auf eine Kuration dar. Verbesserungen von chirurgischen und anaesthesiologischen Techniken sowie Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Intensivtherapie haben zu einer deutlichen Senkung der Morbidität ( 〈 25 %) und Letalität ( 〈 5 %) geführt. Ein Langzeit-rezidivfreies Überleben kann bei 20–25 % der Patienten erzielt werden. Ein potentiell kurativer chirurgischer Eingriff ist jedoch bei nur 10–15 % der Patienten mit Lebermetastasen möglich. Es ist somit von großer Bedeutung diejenigen Patienten, die von einer Operation profitieren könnten, durch ein sorgfältiges Staging zu selektionieren. Bei colorectalen Lebermetastasen ist eine potentielle Kuration nur durch eine radikale Resektion möglich. Bei einem Großteil der Patienten mit symptomatischen Lebermetastasen neuroendokriner Tumoren kann durch Resektion im Sinne einer Tumormassenreduktion eine Langzeitpalliation erzielt werden. Von den potentiell kurativ resezierten Patienten können nur einige von ihnen geheilt werden. Die Indikationsstellung zur Resektion nicht colorectaler und nicht neuroendokriner Lebermetastasen ist aufgrund kleiner Fallzahlen und geringer Erfahrungen weniger klar definiert. Ein Rezidiv von Lebermetastasen nach einem potentiell kurativen Eingriff tritt bei mehr als 40–60 % der Patienten auf. Eine Resektion des Rezidivs ist bei nur 20–35 % dieser Patienten möglich. Hierbei beträgt die 3-Jahres-Überlebensrate um 30 %. Die Morbidität und Letalität nach Reresektion sind mit denen der ersten Leberresektion vergleichbar. Alle Ergebnisse zusammengenommen zeigen, daß die Resektion und Reresektion von Lebermetastasen bei sorgfältig selektionierten Patienten ohne extrahepatische Tumormanifestation mit einem Langzeitüberleben verbunden ist.
    Notes: Summary. For patients with liver metastases, surgery currently represents the only possibility for cure, with a mean 5-year survival rate of 25–35 %. Due to refinement in operative and anesthetic techniques and improved critical care with decreased morbidity ( 〈 25 %) and mortality ( 〈 5 %), hepatic resection is a safe and efficient procedure. Surgery has repeatedly achieved long-term disease-free survival in 20–25 % of patients. However, only 10–25 % of patients with colorectal liver metastases can undergo potentially curative liver resection. Therefore, accurate staging plays a pivotal role in selecting patients who would benefit from surgery. For metastatic colorectal cancer, resection offers the only potential for cure. For symptomatic neuroendocrine tumors, hepatic resection offers long-term palliation in many cases and cure in some. The role of hepatic resection for noncolorectal and nonneuroendocrine metastases, however, is less well defined. Recurrence of hepatic metastases after seemingly curative resection is observed in about 40–60 % of the cases. Only 20–35 % of these recurrent metastases appear to be resectable, resulting in an overall 3-year survival rate of about 30 %. The morbidity and mortality from repeat hepatectomy is similar to that of first hepatic resection. All results together demonstrate that resection and re-resection of liver metastases can provide long-term survival rates and can be beneficial in a carefully selected group of patients without extrahepatic disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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