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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Clinical oral implants research 11 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0501
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of the present experimental pilot study was to assess bone regeneration underneath resorbable barrier membranes vs non-resorbable extended polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membranes in peri-implant defects. Two implants were inserted into surgically created defects on each side of the mandibles of 6 adult beagle dogs 3 months after extraction of all premolar teeth. One implant on each side was covered with a porous polylactic acid membrane or a ePTFE membrane, respectively, while the second implant served as control. Fluorochrome labelling was administered during the 1st, 5th, 12th and the 18th week. Three animals each were evaluated after 3 and 6 months. Bone regeneration was assessed by measuring the distance from the first fluorochrome label to the level of the regenerated bone immediately adjacent to the implant surface and to the top of the newly formed alveolar contour both on the lingual and buccal side. The increase in bone height was significantly higher compared to the controls under both barrier membranes after 3 months at the top of the alveolar crest but not immediately adjacent to the implant surface. After 6 months, bone height was significantly increased only at the top of the alveolar contour underneath the ePTFE membranes, while bone underneath the polylactic acid membranes showed signs of superficial resorption. It is concluded that guided bone regeneration underneath barrier membranes can restore alveolar bone contour but is not necessarily associated with a higher bone/implant contact. The use of resorbable membranes may be associated with untoward biological effects at later stages, when membrane degradation starts due to degradation products of the polymer material or decreasing membrane stability. Future efforts have to refine the relation between degradation kinetics, membrane porosity and mechanical properties of degradable barrier membranes to improve membrane performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Clinical oral implants research 14 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0501
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The aim of the present study was to use four different methods to evaluate three radiographic techniques for their accuracy in assessing the marginal periimplant bone levels at implants with buccal bone defects in an experimental setting. Twenty-four implants were placed in the mandibles of six adult beagle dogs with substantial buccal bone defects, which were augmented by bone particles with and without resorbable membranes. After healing for 5 months, (1) periapical radiographs, (2, 3) reformatted images in (2) sagittal and (3) coronal planes from axial computer tomography (CT) scans and (4) direct magnification images (DIMA) were made and compared with histometric analysis of bone levels. Two values were used for comparison: (i) the lingual bone level and (ii) the true bone level calculated as a mean value from the lingual and the buccal bone levels of all histologic sections of each implant. Metric evaluation of periapical radiographs, sagittal reformation of CT scans and DIMA showed that the results were close to the histometrically assessed lingual bone level, while the true bone level was significantly lower and not reflected by any of the imaging modalities. Coronal reformation showed that there was significant overestimation of the lingual and underestimation of the buccal bone level when compared with histometric values. It is concluded that assessment of bone level and bone regeneration in implants with buccal bone defects remains problematic, and data from periapical radiograms tend considerably to overestimate the bone anchorage of these implants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Clinical oral implants research 15 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0501
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate mineralized collagen membranes for enhancement of bone regeneration in calvarial defects. Forty adult female Sprague–Dawley rats received calvarial full thickness defects with a diameter of 8 mm. In 20 animals, the defects were covered with a mineralized collagen membrane, and 20 animals served as controls. After 6, 13, 26 and 52 weeks, bone regeneration was evaluated using undecalcified thick-section histometry. There was no clear enhancement of bone regeneration during the first 26 weeks after the operation. Bone regeneration underneath the membrane produced consistently thicker bone, albeit without statistical significance. Accumulation of membrane material occurred in the center of the defects surrounded by multinuclear giant cells during early stages of healing. After complete resorption of the membrane, significantly increased bone formation was seen after 52 weeks in the defects that had received membrane coverage. It was concluded that mineralization in the present form did not increase mechnical strength of the membrane to prevent interference of the membrane with bone regeneration in the defect. The reason for the increase in bone formation after resorption of the membrane after 26 weeks remains to be clarified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Clinical oral implants research 16 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0501
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of donor characteristics and the technique of harvesting and in vitro processing on the efficacy of culturing of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) for tissue engineered growth of bone. Cultures of hMSCs were derived from iliac crest bone marrow aspirates (21 donors, age 11–76) and from cancellous bone grafting material (32 donors, age 13–84). Age had no significant effect on the ability to isolate and culture hMSCs, although the failure rate was 55.6% in donors beyond the age of 60, while it varied between 14.3% and 22.2% in donors under 60 years of age. Male and female donors had comparable failure rates (27.3% and 28.6%, respectively). Culturing of hMSCs was successful in 90.4% of marrow aspirates from 21 donors and in 62.5% of cancellous bone specimens from 35 donors. This difference was statistically significant (P=0.023). Regression analysis confirmed that at simultaneous testing of the three variables, only the source of cells significantly affected the result (P=0.043). Morphological evaluation of the unfractionated primary population showed a change in cell shape of the adherent cells from a triangular into thin spindle-shaped elongated form, which remains until confluence. When the cultures were exposed to osteoinductive medium, various morphotypes expressing different levels of alkaline phosphatase and secreting different amounts of mineral were evident. Morphology of marrow stroma cells (MSCs) from marrow aspirates was not different from MSCs derived from cancellous bone specimens. Expression of osteogenic markers in MSCs as shown by PCR as well, did not differ between the two sources. It is concluded that marrow aspirates and cancellous bone specimens produce comparable populations of MSCs. However, bone marrow aspirates from donors under the age of 60 years rather than cancellous bone chips are favourable for isolation and expansion of hMSCs for tissue engineered growth of bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1600-0501
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that immobilization of bone morphogenic protein (BMP2) on the surface of titanium implants can enhance peri-implant bone formation. Ten adult female foxhounds received experimental titanium screw implants in the mandible 3 months after removal of all premolar teeth. Three types of implant surfaces were evaluated in each animal: (i) implants with machined titanium surface, (ii) implants coated with collagen I, (iii) implants coated with collagen I, chondroitin sulphate (CS) and BMP2. Peri-implant bone regeneration was assessed using histomorphometry after 1 and 3 months in five dogs each by measuring bone–implant contact (BIC) and the volume density of the newly formed peri-implant bone (BVD). After 1 month, there was no significant enhancement in BIC values but volume density of the newly formed peri-implant bone was significantly higher in the two groups of coated implants. No significant difference was found between collagen and BMP2 coating. After 3 months, BIC was significantly higher in both collagen and BMP2-coated implants compared with implants with machined surfaces. Peri-implant BVD was also significantly increased in coated implants in comparison with machined surfaces. It was concluded that collagen coating of dental screw implants can enhance BIC and peri-implant bone formation. Addition of BMP2 does not increase peri-implant bone formation in the present application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Clinical oral implants research 9 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0501
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the healing of onlay grafts to edentulous jaws in conjunction with osseointegrated implants using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). In all, 24 patients were examined who had received 26 full arch onlay grafts for augmentation of extremely atrophic edentulous jaws with secondary placement of implants 21.4 weeks after grafting. 99mTechnetium-MDP scintigrams were performed immediately after grafting. before implant placement, after implant placement and before abutment connection. Tracer accumulation was assessed semiquantitatively by calculating ratios of count densities between the up-take over the calvarium and over the grafted jaws based on 16 regions of interest in the reconstructed tomograms corresponding to 16 possible areas of implant placement. There was a significant decrease in tracer uptake during graft healing, which was followed by a significant increase after implant placement and a subsequent decrease during implant healing. In 3 patients, infection and partial necrosis of the grafted bone occurred. In these cases, tracer uptake in areas of subsequent graft infection immediately after grafting was significantly lower compared to patients with uneventful healing as a sign of inferior graft revascularization. In 3 patients, 14 implants failed due to mobility at the time of abutment connection or loss of osseointegration within the first weeks thereafter. Significantly lower levels of tracer up-take immediately after grafting and during graft healing were found in these areas, representing a lack of bone turnover due to decreased revascularization. These areas also showed a lower increase in tracer accumulation after implant placement due to the inferior graft quality, followed by a significant increase of periimplant bone turnover at the time of abutment connection representing inflammatory periimplant bone reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1600-0501
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The aim of the present study was to analyse the effect of organic coating of titanium implants on periimplant bone formation and bone/implant contact. Three types of implants were used: (i) Ti6Al4V implants with polished surface (control 1) (ii) Ti6Al4V implants with collagen coating (control 2) (iii) Ti6Al4V implants with collagen coating and covalently bound RGD peptides. All implants had square cross-sections with an oblique diameter of 4.6 mm and were inserted press fit into trephine burr holes of 4.6 mm in the mandibles of 10 beagle dogs. The implants of five animals each were evaluated after a healing period of 1 month and 3 months, during which sequential fluorochrome labelling of bone formation was performed. Bone formation was evaluated by morphometric measurement of the newly formed bone around the implant and the percentage of implant bone contact. After 1 month there was only little bone/implant contact, varying between 2.6 and 6.7% in the cortical bone and 4.4 and 5.7% in the cancellous bone, with no significant differences between the three types of implants. After 3 months, implants with polished surfaces exhibited 26.5 and 31.2% contact in the cortical and cancellous bone, respectively, while collagen-coated implants had 19.5 and 28.4% bone contact in these areas. Implants with RGD coating showed the highest values with 42.1% and 49.7%, respectively. Differences between the surface types as such were not significant, but the increase in bone/implant contact from 1 to 3 months postoperatively was significant only in the group of RGD-coated implants (P = 0.008 and P = 0.000). The results of this pilot study thus provide only weak evidence that coating of titanium implants with RGD peptides in the present form and dosage may increase periimplant bone formation in the alveolar process. The results therefore require further verification in a modified experimental setting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie 4 (2000), S. S474 
    ISSN: 1434-3940
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Wachstumsfaktoren ; Polylaktide ; Resorbierbare Polymere ; Galenik ; Key words Controlled release ; Growth factors ; Polylactic acid ; Resorbable implants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The aim of the present study was to test polylactic acid material as a controlled release carrier for polypeptide growth factors. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was incorporated into DL polylactic acid (PLA) pellets under hyperbaric CO2 pressure in two different ways. (1) Lyophilized bFGF was crushed and mixed with PLA granules, filled into cylindric moulds of 5 × 3 mm, and submitted to hyperbaric CO2 pressure. (2) Lyophilized bFGF was reconstituted in phosphate buffer, mixed with PLA granules, and relyophilized. In vitro assessment of bFGF release from the PLA implants by immunoassay showed that loading of PLA with crushed lyophilized bFGF resulted in a rapid and high release, while loading by solubilized bFGF and relyophilization led to a low and more regular release of the polypeptide growth factor.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war die Untersuchung der Freisetzung von bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor) aus Poly-(D,L)-Laktid-Implantaten. Die Beladung des Polymers mit dem Wachstumsfaktor erfolgte auf 2 verschiedene Arten: ¶1. Der lyophilisierte bFGF wurde in seinem Saccharosekuchen zerkleinert und unter Granula aus Poly-(D,L)-Laktid gemischt (Gruppe 1). 2. Der lyophilisierte bFGF wurde zunächst in Phosphatpuffer rekonstituiert, mit den Granula vermengt und relyophilisiert (Gruppe 2). Die Inkorporation in das Polymer erfolgte unter Hochdruckbegasung mit CO 2 in zylindrischen Formen von 5 mm × 3 mm. Die In-vitro-Freisetzung aus den resultierenden hochporösen Polymertabletten wurde über 7 Tage in gepufferter Elektrolytlösung bei 37 °C bestimmt. Die Konzentration des freigesetzten bFGF wurde mit Hilfe von Immunoassays gemessen. In Gruppe 1 fand sich eine sehr rasche Abgabe von bFGF während der ersten 4 Tage durch Auflösung der bFGF-Saccharose-Granula in den zahlreichen Poren der Implantate. In Gruppe 2 zeigte sich eine gleichmäßige, aber geringe Freisetzung von bFGF, wobei die Konzentrationen nach 7 Tagen zwischen 300 und 500 pg/ml betrugen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie 4 (2000), S. S522 
    ISSN: 1434-3940
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Bioresorbierbare Glaskeramik ; Rekonstruktion ; Calvariadefekte ; Knochenersatzmaterialien ; Key words Bioresorbable glass ceramics ; Reconstruction ; Calvarial defects ; Bone substitute
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of different compositions of resorbable porous glass ceramics on their performance in calvarial defects. Material and Methods: Full-thickness defects (8.1 mm diameter) were made in the calvaria of 75 adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Pellets of porous glass ceramics were inserted press-fit into 60 defects. Four different materials were implanted into each of 15 animals: (1) glass ceramic with a high relation of calcium to phosphate containing silicate; (2) glass ceramic with a high relation of calcium to phosphate without silicate; (3) glass ceramic with a low relation of calcium to phosphate without silicate; and (4) glass ceramic with a low relation of calcium to phosphate containing silicate. Five implants of each group were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and light microscopy after 6, 13, and 26 weeks. Results: Those glass ceramics with a high relation of calcium to phosphate showed formation of new bone entering the defect from the margins as soon as 6 weeks postoperatively. After 26 weeks, the formation of new bone reached the center of the defect. In the other glass ceramics, the formation of unmineralized osteoid was visible entering the defect from the margins. No mineralization was seen 26 weeks postoperatively. There was no significant difference between glass ceramics containing silicate and those free of silicate. Conclusions: Bioresorbable glass ceramics may be of benefit in the treatment of osseous defects without functional loading.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war die Untersuchung des Einflusses unterschiedlicher Anteile von Silizium, Alkali, Erdalkali und Phosphaten auf das Verhalten von resorbierbarer poröser Glaskeramik in Calvariadefekten. Material und Methoden: In der Calvaria von 75 adulten Sprague-Dawley-Ratten wurden bikortikale Defekte von ¶8,1 mm Durchmesser erzeugt. 60 Defekte wurden durch kreisrunde poröse Glaskeramikimplantate unter Presspassung verschlossen. Dabei wurden 4 unterschiedliche Materialien bei je 15 Tieren eingesetzt: 1. silikathaltige Glaskeramik mit einem hohen Kalzium-Phosphat-Verhältnis, 2. silikatfreie Glaskeramik mit einem hohen Kalzium-Phosphat-Verhältnis, 3. silikatfreie Glaskeramik mit einem niedrigen Kalzium-Phosphat-Verhältnis, 4. silikathaltige Glaskeramik mit einem niedrigen Kalzium-Phosphat-Verhältnis. Nach 6, 13 und 26 Wochen wurden je 5 Implantate aus jeder Gruppe lichtmikroskopisch und fluoreszenzmikroskopisch untersucht. Ergebnisse: Die Glaskeramiken mit einem hohen Kalzium-Phosphat-Verhältnis zeigten 6 Wochen postoperativ eine vom Rand her einsetzende Knochenneubildung mit Ablagerung von Knochen an der inneren Implantatoberfläche. Bis zur 26. Woche wurde bei einigen Tieren bereits das Defektzentrum erreicht. In den übrigen Glaskeramiken war eine deutliche Bildung von unmineralisiertem Osteoid nachweisbar, das ebenfalls in zentripetaler Weise abgelagert wurde. Eine Mineralisation des Osteoids fand in diesen Gruppen bis zur 26. Woche nicht statt. Ein Unterschied zwischen silikathaltigen und silikatfreien Glaskeramiken ließ sich nicht nachweisen. Schlussfolgerungen: Resorbierbare Glaskeramiken können bei der Behandlung knöcherner Defekte ohne funktionelle Belastung von Nutzen sein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie 4 (2000), S. S485 
    ISSN: 1434-3940
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Knochenregeneration ; Osteoblastenkultur ; Mediumüberstand ; Alterseinfluss ; Peptidreinigung ; Key words Bone regeneration ; Osteoblast-like cell culture ; Medium supernatant ; Aging ; Peptide purification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary With increasing age of an organism, the osseous regenerative potential is reduced. In osteoblast-like cell cultures, cells of older donors that would not proliferate under standard conditions start to proliferate and express a differentiated phenotype when supplemented with the supernatant of fetal osteoblast-like cultures. The aim of this study was an evaluation of the fetal supernatant actions in vivo. Rat calvaria-derived osteoblasts of fetal and 21-day-old donors were isolated enzymatically and cultured. Their osteoblastic phenotype was confirmed by the expression of typical osteoblast synthesis products. The supernatant of the cultures of each age group was collected and pooled. The supernatant was purified by HPLC and concentrated approximately ten times. Additionally, several age-dependent differences within the purified protein fractions were documented by MALDI. After resuspension, the purified supernatant proteins were transferred on a collagen carrier and implanted into critical size defects of the calvaria of adult Wistar rats. In a control group, the collagen carriers were implanted containing isotonic salt solution. After 2, 4, and 8 weeks, a radiographic and histologic analysis of the regeneration process was performed which revealed differences in the progress of mineralization. The methods used in this study might help to identify age-dependent differences regarding the osteoblastic synthesis of osteoanabolic peptides and their impact on the regeneration of osseous defects.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmenden Alter eines Organismus nimmt das knöcherne Regenerationspotenzial ab. Auch Osteoblasten in vitro zeigen mit zunehmendem Alter ein verändertes Wachstumsverhalten. Osteoblastenkulturen älterer Donoren, welche unter Standardbedingungen kein Wachstum zeigen, können jedoch durch Supplementation mit dem Mediumüberstand serumfrei inkubierter Osteoblastenkulturen fetalen Ursprungs zu einem ¶mit jüngeren Kulturen vergleichbaren Wachstum angeregt werden. Ziel dieser Arbeit war die In-vivo-Überprüfung dieses vom Donorenalter abhängigen In-vitro-Effekts. Dazu wurden von fetalen und postnatalen Rattenschädeln durch enzymatische Inkubation Osteoblastenkulturen etabliert und durch RT-PCR von Kollagen Typ I und Osteocalcin phänotypisch dokumentiert. Die Kulturüberstände wurden gepoolt und gleiche Volumina mittels RP-Chromatographie und Batch-Elution aufgereinigt. Das aufgereinigte Medium wurde auf Kollagenkissen aufgetragen und in Critical size defects der Rattencalvaria implantiert. Während in einer Kontrollgruppe, welche mit isotoner Kochsalzlösung behandelt wurde, radiologisch und histologisch keine Knochenregeneration beobachtet werden konnte, zeigte sich in den mit postnatalem Medium behandelten Defekten eine geringfügige und in den mit fetalen Überständen behandelten Defekten eine deutliche Knochenregeneration mit der Folge einer kompletten Defektüberbrückung. Diese Experimente bestätigen die grundsätzliche Möglichkeit, durch die Applikation aufgereinigter Osteoblastenkulturüberstände in Knochendefekten jenseits des autogenen spontanen Regenerationspotenzials eine vollständige Defektregeneration zu erzielen. Dabei spielt der Altersfaktor des Donororganismus im Hinblick auf die osteogene Potenz der Kulturüberstände eine bestimmende Rolle. Durch weiterführende Aufreinigungsschritte konnten mittels MALDI zahlreiche qualitative Unterschiede im Hinblick auf die Peptidzusammensetzung der fetalen bzw. postnatalen Osteoblastenkulturüberstände detektiert werden.
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