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  • 1
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Hail prevention ; Randomized seeding ; Statistical design
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An experimental research program is described which investigates the possibility of reducing hailfall in an area of 1000 km2 using the Moldavian rocket seeding method. It involves a design in which experiments are randomized (50∶50) by day over a fixed experimental area. The evaluation is based on data collected during the experimental unit (12–2100 hours). The test variable is hail kinetic energy measured by hailpads and by a hailpad-adjusted S-band radar. A description of the experimental area, the instrumentation and the seeding method adapted from the Soviet Union as well as calculations of the nuclei plume behaviour after seeding with large Oblako rockets are presented. The statistical design is given as well as an extensivea priori description of the confirmatory evaluation procedure which will be used to prove an eventual seeding effect. It is recognized that good predictors are essential to arrive at a statistically significant results in 5 years. From synoptic and radar data obtained during the preliminary phase of the experiment a predictor function is derived. A concomitant variable (cloud base temperature) is proposed taking into account a possibly variable reaction of different storm types to the seeding. The development of the statistical test to be used is also described. Section 7 indicates some possibilities for further exploratory analyses with emphasis on hailpad measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Electrical engineering 24 (1930), S. 202-215 
    ISSN: 1432-0487
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Die Frage nach der bei Diathermiebehandlung zugeführten Leistung wird an Hand der von Gildemeister aufgestellten Theorie der elektrischen Leitung im Organismus erörtert. 2. Die meßtechnische Aufgabe wird aus den Ergebnissen früherer Messungen entwickelt. 3. Als geeignetes Meßverfahren wird eine Differentialanordnung gewählt, die sich für den vorliegenden Zweck vor allem durch eine sehr geringe Empfindlichkeit gegen Erdkapazität des Meßobjektes auszeichnet. 4. Die verschiedenen Fehlerquellen werden geprüft und entsprechende Korrekturen eingeführt. Es wird gezeigt, wie sich aus den Messungen gleichzeitig ein Anhalt über die Wirkung der Erdkapazität der Versuchsperson gewinnen läßt. 5. Eine Reihe von Messungen bei verschiedenen Behandlungsarten ergibt, daß der menschliche Körper bei Hochfrequenz mit einer für die Praxis der Diathermie ausreichenden Genauigkeit als reiner Widerstand betrachtet werden darf.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Electrical engineering 69 (1986), S. 307-320 
    ISSN: 1432-0487
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents To calculate magnetic fields with arbitrary material distributions and excitations the given vector potential differential equation is transformed into an algebraic system of equations (Finite Element Method). The application of the ampere turns rule leads (considerably more simply) to identical equations. Allowance for non-linearities is provided by the Newton-Raphson method. The transformation matrices are given for anisotropic material properties. Finally, a solver for sparsely populated matrices is deseribed.
    Notes: Übersicht Zur Berechnung von Magnetfeldern mit beliebigen Materialverteilungen und beliebigen Anregungen wird die Differentialgleichung für das Vektorpotential angegeben und mit Hilfe der finiten Elemente Methode in ein algebraisches Gleichungssystem umgewandelt. Die Anwendung des Durchflutungsgesetzes führt wesentlich einfacher zu identischen Bestimmungsgleichungen. Eine Berücksichtigung der Nichtlinearitäten geschieht mit dem Newton Raphson Verfahren. Für den Sonderfall von anisotropen Stoffeigenschaften werden die Transformationsmatrizen angegeben. Zum Schluß wird ein Lösungsverfahren für schwach besetzte Gleichungssysteme beschrieben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 58 (1980), S. 43-45 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Glucocorticoid-Rezeptoren ; Leukämien ; Sensitivität ; Glucocorticoid receptors ; Leukemias ; Sensitivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Determination of steroid receptors has been used to predict steroid sensitivity in various neoplasias. In an attempt to investigate its applicability in human leukemias we have studied glucocorticoid receptors in the leukemic cells from 23 patients with various hematologic neoplasias and in the lymphocytes from 18 normal donors. Specific glucocorticoid binding in intact cells was determined by a whole cell competitive binding assay. Normal lymphocytes have about 4,611 specific binding sites per cell. The blasts from 9 patients with acute myelogenous leukemias (AML) have strongly varying high levels of specific binding sites, ranging from 4,817 to 15,416 per cell. Of the 13 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 5 have received glucocorticoid treatment for years and were clinically resistant to glucocorticoid. Their lymphocytes have lower specific binding sites (range: 2,047 to 3,999) than the other CLL cases which were newly diagnosed (range: 3,734 to 11,020). Our results suggest that determination of glucocorticoid receptors might be of value in predicting clinical responsiveness in leukemias.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei einigen steroid-sensitiven Neoplasien ist die Bestimmung von Steroid-Rezeptoren für die Voraussage einer Ansprechbarkeit auf die Hormontherapie von Bedeutung. Um die Anwendung dieser Methode auch bei Leukämien nachzuprüfen, haben wir die Glucocorticoid-Rezeptoren in Leukämiezellen von 23 Patienten und in Lymphozyten von 18 Kontrollpersonen untersucht. Die Bestimmung erfolgte nach einer Methode nach Baxter und Tomkins. Normallymphozyten haben circa 4611 spezifische Bindungsstellen pro Zelle. Der Anzahl der Steroid-Rezeptoren in den Blasten von 9 Patienten mit AML schwankten stark (Bereich: 4817–15416 Stellen/Zelle). Fünf von 13 Patienten mit CLL wurden seit Jahren mit Glucocorticoid behandelt und sprachen zur Zeit der Rezeptoren-Bestimmung auf die Therapie nicht mehr an. Die Anzahl der Bindungsstellen der Lymphozyten dieser Patienten war im Mittel niedriger (Bereich: 2047–3999), als bei den Patienten, die neu diagnostiziert worden waren (Bereich: 3734–11020). Unsere Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, daß die Bestimmung von Steroid-Rezeptoren für die Planung einer Therapie mit Glucocorticoiden von Bedeutung sein könnte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of chromatid aberrations induced by mitomycin C among the individual chromosomes of female and male Chinese hamster cells in vitro was studied. The aberrations were found to be non-randomly distributed. Among the autosomes, the chromosomes possessing constitutive heterochromatin were more often involved in aberrations as well as in homologous exchanges. The inactivated X chromosomes in the female cells offer a situation where the short arm is facultatively heterochromatic and the long arm constitutively heterochromatic, thus enabling an analysis of their response for aberration formation. The short arm was seldom found to be involved in the aberration. The long arm of the inactivated X was more often affected (5 to 10 times) than the long arm of the functional X though both are constitutively heterochromatic. The possible role of (a) structure of heterochromatin, (b) the chromocenter formation and their association, (c) allocycly, and (d) the qualitative differences in the DNA of different types of heterochromatin are discussed in relation to the formation of chromatid aberrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 2 (1931), S. 568-590 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Mit Hilfe der Kochschen Plattenmethode läßt sich das Bakterienwachstum auf Fleisch in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur und der Luftfeuchtigkeit zahlenmäßig erfassen. 2. Der untersuchte Bereich erstreckte sich von 75 bis 100% relativer Feuchtigkeit bei 0, 2 und 4°C. 3. Die Ergebnisse wurden bei ruhender Luft an kleinen Fleischstücken gewonnen. Die Übertragung auf die Verhältnisse im Kühlhaus ist also zunächst nur mit Vorbehalt möglich. 4. Die Bakterien entwickeln sich in Abhängigkeit von der relativen Feuchtigkeit annähernd nach einer Exponentialfunktion. 5. Der hemmende Einfluß niederer Feuchtigkeitsgrade wird durch gleichzeitige Herabsetzung der Temperatur wesentlich unterstützt. 6. Dieselbe maximale Lagerdauer (Haltbarkeit des Fleisches) kann durch Kombination verschiedener Temperaturen und Feuchtigkeitsgrade erreicht werden. 7. Bei Senkung der Temperatur um 1° kann zur Erzielung gleicher Haltbarkeit, gemessen an der Bakterienentwicklung, die relative Feuchtigkeit etwa um 5% heraufgesetzt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 47 (1988), S. 17-20 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 33.80 Wz
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Pulses with energy of 0.5 to 15 mJ and a repetition rate of 20 kHz from a Q-switched CO2 laser with continuous discharge were employed to dissociate32SF6 and12CF3I at 0.25 mbar. Gas exchange by diffusion is rapid enough to maintain isotopic selectivity. Dissociation yields agree with those measured at slightly raised temperature by a TEA laser. Because photons are cheaper from Q-switched lasers than from TEA lasers, economic consequences can result for isotope separation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 90 (1989), S. 3490-3497 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This paper reports results of an experiment involving two-laser resonance-enhanced photoionization of benzene. The excitation sources were two frequency-doubled dye lasers. The first laser pumped the molecule to a selected vibronic level of its first excited singlet state (1B2u), from where it was ionized by a time-delayed pulse of the second laser. The ion yield depends on the intermediate vibronic state as well as on the wavelength of the ionizing laser. From the structures and intensities of the measured ion spectra we derived vibrational frequencies and molecular parameters of the ground electronic state of the ion to a remarkable accuracy. The contributions of autoionizing Rydberg levels to the ionization cross section can clearly be distinguished from direct ionization. Several resonance peaks were assigned to transitions to vibrational modes within these Rydberg states.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 8347-8362 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The concerted photochemical ring opening of 1,3-cyclohexadiene was investigated in the gas phase by low-intensity pumping at 267 nm and subsequent probing by high-intensity photoionization at 800 nm and mass-selective detection of the ion yields. We found five different time constants which can be assigned to traveling times along consecutive parts of the potential energy surfaces. The molecule is first accelerated in the spectroscopic state 1B along Franck–Condon active coordinates, then alters direction before changing over to the dark state 2A. All constants including that for leaving the 2A surface are below 100 fs. These times are shorter than appropriate vibrational periods. Such a maximum speed is evidence that the pathway is continuous leading from surface to surface via real crossings (conical intersections) and that the molecule is accelerated right into the outlet of the 2A/1A funnel. On the ground state it arrives as a compact wave packet, indicating a certain degree of coherence. The experimental method promises a high potential for investigating dynamics, since many consecutive phases of the process can be detected. This is because the fragmentation pattern depends on the location on the potential energy surface, so that monitoring several different ions permits to conclude on the population flow through these locations. Ionization at the intensities used is normally considered to be an effect of the electric field of the radiation. But in our case it is enhanced by resonances in the neutral molecule and in particular in the singly positive ion, and it is not sensitive for the length of the molecule (different conformers of the product hexatriene). The ionic resonances explain why hexatriene has a much richer fragmentation pattern than cyclohexadiene. Coulomb explosion is observed from an excited state of a doubly positive ion. Its mechanism is discussed. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 82 (1985), S. 810-821 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This paper reports the results of an extensive study of the internal energy-transfer processes that occur in benzene–argon collisions. We used laser-induced fluorescence and information theory for determining the energy-transfer rates between internal states of benzene in the ground electronic state (1A1g). The method provides an estimate for the rate of rotational relaxation. It gives a measure of the fraction of molecules that absorb the laser radiation at a frequency near the center of the ν18 absorption band of benzene. The use of information theory gives estimates for all of the vibrational energy transfer rates. These fit the experimental data reasonably well. However, some of the data do deviate from the information theory model. This suggests that the statistical assumptions of the model are not sufficiently restrictive. One such restriction may be in the number of vibration quanta changing per collision..
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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