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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 108 (1986), S. 8249-8255 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 99 (1977), S. 7014-7019 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 60 (1995), S. 1039-1043 
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Bioconjugate chemistry 6 (1995), S. 70-76 
    ISSN: 1520-4812
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 59 (1994), S. 509-511 
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 5 (1987), S. 161-164 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 725-731 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Macrocyclic Quaternary Ammonium Salts, IV1). Catalysis of Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitutions by Azide as NucleophileThe macrotricyclic ammonium salt 2 indeed catalyzes the bimolecular nucleophilic substitution of the halonitroarenes 3 - 7 by azide. The kinetic analysis supports the view that azide anion is included into the molecular cavity of the anion host 2 prior to the rate limiting substitution step. The desolvation experienced by the anionic guest on the invasion of the cavity from free solution is credited for the augmentation of reactivity observed which is greater than with micellar cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Compared to this, the influence of the leaving group on the reactivity is small. The far reaching analogy to natural enzymes qualifies 2 to be a totally synthetic low molecular weight enzyme model comparable to the cyclodextrins.
    Notes: Das macrotricyclische Ammoniumsalz 2 ist in der Lage, die bimolekulare nucleophile Substitution der Halogennitroaromaten 3 - 7 mit Azid zu katalysieren. Die kinetische Analyse stützt die Vorstellung, daß das Azid-Anion in die Molekülhöhle des Anionenwirtes 2 aufgenommen wird und dort im geschwindigkeitslimitierenden Schritt die Substitution vollzieht. Die Desolvatation des Gastanions beim Übertritt aus freier Lösung in die hydrophobe Umgebung der Höhle erklärt die beobachtete Reaktivitätssteigerung, die größer ist als in micellarem Cetyltrimethylammoniumbromid (CTAB). Der Einfluß der Austrittsgruppe auf die Reaktivität ist demgegenüber gering. Wegen der Analogie im Wirkprinzip zu den natürlichen Enzymen kann man 2 als synthetisches niedermolekulares Enzymmodell den Cyclodextrinen an die Seite stellen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 1287-1298 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Macrocyclic Quaternary Ammonium Salts, V. The Catalysis of Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitutions Following Enzyme-analogous PrinciplesThe reactions of activated arenes with anionic nucleophiles in the presence of the macrocycles 1, 2, and 3 are studied by kinetic methods. Whereas catalysis by 1 and 3 is observed in these reactions, 2 displays no rate effect. This result in combination with the differences in the acceleration ratios shown by the nucleophiles 7 - 14 leads to the conclusion that catalysis is caused by the inclusion of the anionic nucleophiles into the molecular cavities of the macrocycles and their concomitant dehydration. The rate augmentation caused by 3 in the reaction between the anionic substrates 6 and 11 is found particularly high. Catalysis in this case is solely due to the lowering of the enthalpy of activation. The utility of 3 as an enzyme model in relation to micelles and cyclodextrins is discussed.
    Notes: Die Reaktion aktivierter Aromaten mit anionischen Nucleophilen in Gegenwart der Macrocyclen 1, 2 und 3 wird mit kinetischen Methoden untersucht. Während 1 und 3 diese Reaktionen katalysieren, zeigt 2 keinen Geschwindigkeitseffekt. Dies in Synopse mit den Unterschieden in den Geschwindigkeitseffekten der Nucleophile 7 - 14 führt zu dem Schluß, daß der katalytische Prozeß auf dem Einschluß der anionischen Nucleophile in die Molekülhöhle der Macrocyclen und ihrer damit einhergehenden Dehydratation beruht. Besonders hohe Geschwindigkeitssteigerungen durch 3 werden in der Umsetzung der beiden anionischen Reaktionspartner 6 und 11 gefunden. Die Katalyse ist dabei ausschließlich das Resultat der Erniedrigung der Aktivierungsenthalpie. Die Eignung von 3 als Enzymmodell im Vergleich zu Micellen und Cyclodextrinen wird diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 864-874 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of Macrotricyclic AminesThe synthesis of the macrotricyclic amines 14a and b with a tetrahedron skeleton is achieved by three successive cyclisations using high dilution conditions (overall yields 5.6 and 2.5%, resp.).
    Notes: Die Synthese der makrotricyclischen Tetraamine 14a und b mit Tetraederstruktur wird durch drei Cyclisierungsschritte nach dem Verdünnungsprinzip in Gesamtausbeuten von 5.6 bzw. 2.5% erreicht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 114 (1981), S. 597-607 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Macrocyclic Quaternary Ammonium Salts, II1) Formation of Inclusion Complexes with Anions in SolutionThe Macrocyclic quaternary ammonium compounds 1 and 2 form stable inclusion complex with anionic guest molecules in aqueous solution (Tab 1 and 3). The host molecules 1 und 2 discriminate between anions according to size. The stability of the inclusion complexes depends on electrostatic as well as hydrophobic interactions. whereas the complexes of 1 are dominated by the electrostatic component, the hydrophobic interaction plays the main part in complexes with host 2. Complexes stabilities are discussed in terms of the HSAB-principle21. Based on the dependence of the formation constants on solvation, it appears that conformational changes of the host molecules determine complex stabilities too.
    Notes: Die macrotricyclischen quartären Ammoniumverbindungen 1 und 2 bilden in wäßriger Lösung mit anionischen Gastmolekülen Einschlußkomplexe (Tab. 1 und 3). 1 und 2 diskriminieren dabei Anionen nach ihrer Größe. Die Stabilität der Einschlußkomplexe hängt sowohl von der elektrostatischen als auch von der hydrophoben Wechselwirkung ab. Während in den Komplexen mit 1 die elektrostatische Komponente dominiert, übt die hydrophobe Wechselwirkung in den Komplexen mit 2 den größeren Einfluß aus. Die Komplexstabilitäten werden nach dem HSAB-Prinzip21 diskutiert. Die Abhängigkeit der Bindungskonstanten von der Solvatation läßt erkennen, daß auch Konformationsänderungen der Wirte die Komplexstabilitäten mitbestimmen.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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