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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Thoraxchirurgie ; Ein-Lungen- Beatmung ; Dopexamin ; Oxygenierung ; Transpulmonaler Shunt ; Key words Thoracic surgery ; One-lung ventilation ; Dopexamine ; Oxygenation ; Intrapulmonary right-to-left shunting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Objective: To study the influence of dopexamine on pulmonary shunt and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction during major thoracic surgery with one-lung ventilation (OLV). Design: Prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled study. Setting: University hospital. Patients: Twenty adult patients undergoing elective pulmonary resection. Anaesthesia: General anaesthesia was performed using propofol, fentanyl, N2O and vecuronium.Volume-controlled ventilation was performed to maintain normocapnia over the whole investigation period. During OLV, the tidal volume was reduced and the respiratory rate was increased to avoid a peak airway pressure exceeding 40 cm H2O. Furthermore the FiO2 was increased to 1,0 and the external PEEP was removed during OLV. Interventions: The patients received either dopexamine at 2 µg/kg/min (group A, n=10) or 0,9% saline as control (group B, n=10) after assessing the baseline values. Measurement and results: The following cardiorespiratory variables were recorded: Heart rate, mean arterial pressure and mean pulmonary arterial pressure. Cardiac output was measured by thermodilution using a continuous cardiac output thermodilution catheter. Arterial and mixed venous blood gas analysis were measured from simultaneously drawn samples. Cardiac index (CI), systemic vascular resistance index, pulmonary vascular resistance index, oxygen delivery index (DO2I), oxygen consumption index and the venous admixture were calculated using standard formula. Furthermore, pressure-flow-curves were constructed to analyse flow independent changes in the pulmonary vascular resistance. Data were recorded at the following times: After induction of anaesthesia in stable haemodynamics during two-lung ventilation (baseline values, T0), intraoperatively during one-lung ventilation (T1) and postoperatively after re-establishing two-lung ventilation (T2). Patients characteristics, data from the preoperative lung function testing and surgical procedures did not differ significantly between the groups. CI increased in the dopexamine group from 2,5±1,2 l·min−1·m−2 (T0) to 3,6±0,9 l·min−1·m−2 (T1) and 4,0±1,3 l·min−1· m−2 (T2). The course of the intrapulmonary right-to-left shunting did not differ between the groups. In the dopexamine-treated group the DO2I increased from 430±143 ml·min·m−2 (T0) to 652±255 ml·min·m−2 (T1) and 653±207 ml·min·m−2 (T2). Regarding the pressure-flow-curves there was no difference during OLV between the two groups indicating no major blocking effect of dopexamine on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Conclusion: It is concluded that dopexamine can be used to improve haemodynamics and oxygen delivery during thoracic surgery without increasing venous admixture during one-lung ventilation.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Einsatz systemischer Vasodilatatoren ist während der Ein-Lungen-Beatmung (ELB) mit dem Risiko einer Hypoxämie verbunden, da diese Substanzen die regionale hypoxische pulmonale Vasokonstriktion (HPV) der nicht beatmeten Lunge inhibieren können. In dieser prospektiv randomisierten und plazebokontrollierten Studie wurden die Auswirkungen von Dopexamin auf die Hämodynamik und die Oxygenierungsparameter bei lungenchirurgischen Eingriffen mit Ein-Lungen-Beatmung untersucht. Material und Methoden: Die Patienten wurden nach dem Zufallsprinzip der Dopexamingruppe (n=10) und der Kontrollgruppe (n=10) zugeordnet. Die Narkose wurde mit Propofol, Fentanyl, N2O und Vecuronium durchgeführt. Die Ausgangswerte (T0) für die wesentlichen Größen der Hämodynamik, die Oxygenierungsparameter und das pulmonale Shuntvolumen wurden gemessen. Anschließend wurde den Patienten Dopexamin (2 µg/kg/min) oder NaCl 0,9% als Plazebo kontinuierlich infundiert. Die Messungen wurden während der ELB (T1) und postoperativ bei konventioneller Beatmung (T2) wiederholt. Ergebnisse: Hinsichtlich der biometrischen Daten und der durchgeführten operativen Eingriffe waren die beiden Gruppen vergleichbar. Dopexamin steigert den Herzindex signifikant von 2,5±1,2 l·min−1·m−2 (T0) auf 3,6±0,9 l·min−1·m−2 (T1) und 4,0±1,3 l·min−1·m−2 (T2). Während der ELB finden sich mit 30±12% (Dopexamingruppe) versus 43±18% (Kontrollgruppe) keine signifikanten Gruppenunterschiede bezüglich der transpulmonalen Shuntfraktion. Es resultiert eine signifikante Zunahme des DO2I in der Dopexamingruppe von 430±143 ml·min·m−2 (T0) auf 652±255 ml·min·m−2 (T1) und 653±207 ml·min·m−2 (T2). Schlußfolgerung: Zusammenfassend läßt sich feststellen, daß Dopexamin in der genannten Dosierung bei thoraxchirurgischen Eingriffen mit ELB zur Steigerung des Herzindexes und des globalen Sauerstoffangebotes eingesetzt werden kann, ohne daß es zu einem Anstieg des transpulmonalen Rechts-links-Shunts und damit zu einem Abfall des paO2 kommt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter NO-Inhalation ; Pulmonale Hypertonie ; Herzchirurgie ; Key words NO inhalation ; Pulmonary hypertension ; Heart surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The right ventricle is more jeopardized by a cardiopulmonary bypass than the left one. Impaired right ventricular performance may profit from an afterload reduction. A selective reduction in pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) or pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) without impairment of the systemic circulation seems to be possible by inhalation of nitric oxide (NO). Therefore in the present study we looked for influences of NO inhalation on PAP, PVR and right heart parameters immediately after weaning from the bypass. The dependence of endothelial function on age, preoperative heart function and extracorporeal circulation is well established. The relevance of such parameters on NO inhalation was also investigated. Methods. After ethical approval and informed consent were obtained, 20 patients with moderately increased PAP were included in the study. Ten patients inhaled NO at a concentration of 30 ppm; the other group served as a control group. Measurement points were 10 min after the end of extracorporeal circulation (baseline), 3, 10, and 20 min after the start, as well as 10 min after the end of NO inhalation. NO was injected near the tube into the tubing system during inspiration; dosage and monitoring of the concentration were achieved by means of a chemiluminometer. Measured parameters consisted of PAP, PVR, right ventricular ejection fraction and volumes, systemic blood pressure and resistance, central venous pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and oxygenation parameters (paO2, pvO2, paCO2). Results. The decrease in PAP (from 29.7±3.9 to a minimal 25.4±4.3 mm Hg, P〈0.05) and in PVR (from 169.4±51.9 to a minimal 116.3± 60.9 dyn·s·cm−5, P·0.05) did not improve right heart function. A similar significant increase in SVR was observed in the NO group and in the control group. Age, haemodynamic parameters or duration of the ischaemic phase of the cardiopulmonary bypass did not influence the course of PAP or PVR. Changes in PAP (from 30.0±4.0 to a minimal 26.7±3.6 mm Hg, P〈0.05) and PVR (from 149.0±41.5 to a minimal 125.2±51.5 dyn·s·cm−5, in the control group were not statistically different from those in the NO group. Indicators of intoxication like an increase in NO2 or methaemoglobin concentrations or changes in compliance or resistance were not observed. Conclusions. Patients with moderate pulmonary hypertension did not profit from NO inhalation immediately after weaning from the cardiopulmonary bypass. The decreases in PAP and PVR found in the NO or control group did not improve right-heart function. When the NO and control group were compared, specific effects of NO inhalation on PAP and PVR must be questioned This could perhaps be explained by data from animal experiments, which found high endogenous NO levels in situations with elevated cytokine levels. Cytokines are increased after extracorporeal circulation. Oxygenation was not impaired by inhalation of relatively high concentrations of NO. For all investigations with NO inhalation not preceded by steady-state conditions, a control group is recommended.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der rechte Ventrikel ist durch extrakorporale Zirkulation (EKZ) mehr gefährdet als der linke. Eine beeinträchtigte rechtsventrikuläre Funktion kann von einer Senkung der Nachlast profitieren. Durch Inhalation von Stickstoffmonoxid (NO) kann ein pulmonaler Hypertonus ohne Auswirkungen auf den Systemkreislauf gesenkt werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde deshalb der Einfluß einer NO-Inhalation auf pulmonalarteriellen Druck (PAP), pulmonalvaskulären Widerstand (PVR) und Rechtsherzparameter unmittelbar nach EKZ untersucht. An der Studie nahmen 20 Patienten mit mäßiggradigem pulmonalen Hochdruck teil. 10 Patienten inhalierten 30 ppm NO, die anderen dienten als Kontrollgruppe. Meßzeitpunkte lagen 10 min nach EKZ (Ausgangswerte), 3, 10 und 20 min nach Start sowie 10 min nach Beendigung der NO-Inhalation. Es fand sich ein signifikanter Abfall von PAP und PVR ohne begleitende Verbesserung der Rechtsherzfunktion. In der Kontrollgruppe wurden Veränderungen von PAP und PVR in vergleichbarer Größenordnung beobachtet. Es ist somit fraglich, ob die beobachteten Effekte spezifisch für die NO-Inhalation sind. Hohe endogene NO-Konzentrationen in dieser Phase, wie im Tierexperiment gefunden, könnten dieses Verhalten erklären. Eine klinische Verbesserung der Rechtsherzfunktion nach EKZ konnte bei unseren Patienten durch NO-Inhalation nicht erreicht werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 40 (1994), S. 310-310 
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 15 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Axillary hyperhidrosis is a functional non-inflammatory abnormality of the eccrine sweat glands. The cause of genuine hyperhidrosis is unknown and, therefore, no specific corrective therapy is available and conservative treatment often fails. Subcutaneous sweat gland curettage of the axillae is one of the proven surgical modalities. Local injection of botulinum toxin A (BT-A) is a promising new conservative approach.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of subcutaneous curettage vs. injection of BT-A in axillary hyperhidrosis.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉MethodsA total of 113 patients (36.3% males, 63.7% females) suffering from genuine axillary hyperhidrosis were treated by either subcutaneous curettage (n = 90) or local injection of BT-A (n = 23). Median follow-up period was 23.5 months. Questionnaires were handed out to patients for a subjective assessment of symptoms before treatment, 6 months after the procedure, and at the time of last follow-up. The patients were asked to rate the amount of axillary sweating based on a score ranging from 1 (no axillary secretion) to 6 (maximum axillary secretion). The subjective scores of sweating at rest, at high temperatures, under physical stress, under emotional stress and after spicy meals were assessed.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉ResultsThe patients’ subjective assessments of the overall outcome after subcutaneous curettage were ‘very good’ in 36.4%, ‘good’ in 29.9% and ‘satisfactory’ in 16.9%. The subjective score of axillary sweating at rest was reduced to 40.0% after 6 months, and finally to 45.7% at the end of follow-up (median: 28.2 months). Patients treated by BT-A injection assessed outcome as ‘very good’ in 39.1%, ‘good’ in 21.7% and ‘satisfactory’ in 8.7%. Sweating at rest was reduced to 48.5% after 6 months, and finally to 68.8% at the end of follow-up (median: 16.1 months). The mean duration of the antiperspiration effect of BT-A was 7.6 months (median: 7 months), but there were two cases of long durations, i.e. 14 and 18 months.〈section xml:id="abs1-6"〉〈title type="main"〉ConclusionsSubcutaneous curettage and injection of BT-A both present major advantages compared with earlier methods. Subcutaneous curettage offers the same permanent efficacy but far fewer side-effects than sympathectomy, and less scarring than local excisional procedures, respectively. Of the conservative approaches BT-A is by far the most efficacious. Patients should be informed of the advantages and disadvantages of both methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0888-7543
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Physics B (Proceedings Supplements) 16 (1990), S. 339-342 
    ISSN: 0920-5632
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Immunological reviews 70 (1983), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-065X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 7860-7866 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Transmission spectra of monodispersed particles exhibit pronounced resonance features from which particle properties can be deduced. ZnS powders were used as model materials since they can be synthesized by homogeneous precipitation with a narrow size distribution. The optical extinction spectra can be simulated using Mie scattering theory, and can be used as an in situ diagnostic tool for following the growth of particles during precipitation reactions. Using results of particle diameter measurements by other methods, information on the refractive index of the particles can be retrieved, indicating a highly porous internal structure of the spheres. Distinct features in the experimental and simulated spectra have been interpreted as to arise from circumference and diameter resonance effects in the particles. The simultaneous observation of these two effects allows one to estimate size and solid volume fraction from simple transmission spectra by application of an effective-medium model for the simulation parameters. The potential of application of Mie resonance effects for selective light screening or as pigments are discussed. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Autoimmune disorders in humans are often associated with particular alleles of major histocompatibility genes. However, the chronic inflammatory liver disease primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) has not been found to be correlated with certain haplotypes so far.Interestingly, an impaired production of tumour necrosis factor β (TNF-β) upon mitogen stimulation was observed for PBC patients, especially in the immunologically active stages of the disease. Furthermore, the identification of alleles of the TNF-β gene which differ in one unique amino acid, and in the production of TNF-β after phytohaemagglutinin stimulation, has prompted the idea of a possible linkage between the impaired TNF-β response in PBC and the genetic prevalence of a certain TNF haplotype.We report here a rapid method for typing the TNFB*1 and TNFB*2 genes by a standard polymerase chain reaction, PBC patients(n = 60)as well as randumized healthy controls (n = 179) of the Munich area were studied for the occurrence of the TNF alleles. No deviation was found in the PBC collective (0.7) for the TNFB*2 distribution when compared with the control (0.67).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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