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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Plasma proteins ; Immunoglobulins ; Circulating immune complexes ; Anthropometry ; Developing countries
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The nutritional status of an unselected group of 111 children from the village of Bouansa, People's Republic of the Congo, was studied. Comprehensive clinical examinations, anthropometrical measurements and analysis of albumin, prealbumin, ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP), IgA, IgG, IgM, IgE, IgG- and IgM-circulating immune complexes (CIC) were carried out. The results show, by anthropometrical classification, a high prevalence of moderate malnutrition. Low levels of plasma proteins and high levels of immunoglobulins and CIC were found. No correlation between anthropometrical classification and plasma proteins was established. Children with increased levels of CRP showed low prealbumin values and increased levels of ferritin. Patterns of immunoglobulins and CIC were close to those found in other studies in tropical countries. To evaluate the anthropometrical and biochemical findings it is necessary to take into consideration the apparently healthy appearance of the children, which shows the degree of adaptation to the limited availability of food and the high rate of acute and chronic infections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 14 (1987), S. 329-336 
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Cytochrome P-450 ; photoreversibility ; relaxational enzyme kinetics ; 7-ethoxycoumarin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We estimate the “active” part of cytochrome P-450, which is involved in a special substrate transformation, by measuring the initial change of the production rate as a function of the relaxation transitions between two different steady states of the reaction cycle of cytochrome P-450 using the light-reversibility of the carbon monoxide inhibition. The kinetic data of such relaxations are interpreted within a model cycle, which reduces the reaction cycle to three steps. The estimation of the rate constant of the first reduction step, derived from model simulation of the production rate, is confirmed by independent experimental study of the reduction kinetics. An application of our model to the O-deethylation of 7-ethoxycoumarin reveals that — in a time average — 10%–15% of the spectroscopically detectable cytochrome P-450 is involved in that transformation.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Larynx ; Karzinom ; Vordere Kommissur ; Kehlkopfteilresektion ; Rezidivtherapie ; Key words Laryngeal carcinoma ; Anterior commissure ; Vertical partial laryngectomy ; Treatment for tumour recurrences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Management of laryngeal carcinoma located at the anterior commissure remains controversial. Local control rates with radiotherapy or surgery are not as good as those seen after treatment of midcord lesions. The vertical partial laryngectomy with epiglottic reconstruction (VPLER) may be a more successful approach to such lesions. The charts of all patients treated for larynx carcinoma between 1991 and 1996 at the authors’ institutions were reviewed to identify those patients treated with VPLER as described by Sedlacek in 1965, Kambic in 1976 and Tucker in 1979. Indications for performing surgery and outcome data of patients were collected and analyzed according to the indications for surgery, surgical technique, perioperative complications, oncological outcomes and functional results. Twelve patients were identified that had been treated with VPLER. Indications for surgery included five patients with local recurrences following endoscopic laser partial laryngectomies, four cases with previously untreated primary tumors at the anterior commissure (T2 N0–2 M0), two with local recurrences following radiotherapy, and one with recurrence following frontolateral partial laryngectomy. There were no postoperative complications except for one laryngocutaneous fistula that required secondary repair. All patients were able to swallow at the tenth postoperative day. All had their tracheostomies closed after completion of wound healing, (a mean of 17 days after surgery). Phonatory results were usually poor. Two local recurrences occurred during the follow-up period. However, both patients were salvaged with total laryngectomies and have since been free from disease. All other patients are alive and well. Our findings show that VPLER is an effective surgical approach for carcinoma at the anterior commissure of the larynx that cannot be adequately managed with transoral laser surgery or simple frontolateral partial laryngectomy. This study demonstrates that the procedure can be successfully applied to the treatment of local recurrences following initial raditherapy or surgery. No major complications occurred in our study.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Karzinome der vorderen Kommissur sind eine Schwachstelle der üblichen kehlkopferhaltenden Therapieverfahren. Die rekonstruktive Kehlkopfteilresektion nach Sedlacek-Kambic-Tucker erlaubt eine besonders weite Resektion des vorderen Schildknorpels und der anterioren Glottis. Indikationen, Technik und Ergebnisse werden am Krankengut der Kölner und Innsbrucker Klinik dargestellt. Methode: Es wurden die Akten aller Patienten retrospektiv ausgewertet, die zwischen 1991 und 1996 wegen eines Larynxkarzinoms operiert wurden. Ergebnisse: Bei 12 von 543 Patienten mit Larynxkarzinomen erfolgte eine rekonstruktive Kehlkopfteilresektion nach Sedlacek-Kambic-Tucker. Bis auf eine Fistelbildung traten keine Komplikationen auf. Bei einer mittleren, peroralen Ernährung ab dem 10. postoperativen Tag konnten alle Tracheostomien im Mittel am 17. postoperativen Tag verschlossen werden. Chronische Aspirationen oder Stenosen wurden nicht beobachtet. Die stimmlichen Ergebnisse sind aufgrund des ungenügenden Glottisschlusses und der unphysiologischen Konfiguration der rekonstruierten vorderen Kommissur schlecht. Schlußfolgerung: Die rekonstruktive Kehlkopfteilresektion nach Sedlacek-Kambic-Tucker hat eine sehr enge Indikationsstellung, ermöglicht aber eine chirurgisch sichere, radikale Resektion des vorderen Kehlkopfs, insbesondere auch bei Rezidivkarzinomen, mit onkologisch guten und funktionell zufriedenstellenden Ergebnissen.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 430 (1995), S. 257-264 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Human respiratory epithelial cells ; CF tissue ; Intracellular microinjection ; CFTR antibody ; Cytosolic Cl− channel inhibitor ; Ca2+-regulated ; Cl− conductance ; cAMP-regulated ; Cl− conductance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present microelectrode experiments on fused respiratory epithelial cells of cystic fibrosis (CF) origin and non-CF origin aim at characterizing the molecular basis of the Cl− conductances regulated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) or respectively Ca2+, as described in the preceding publication. Cell membrane potential (V m) and resistance (R m) were recorded as well as their response to substitution of 90% of bath Cl− by isethionate (ΔV m,ISE), by I− (ΔV m,I), or by other halide anions. Fused CF cells had significantly (P〈0.05) higher control V m values (P−18.0 ±9.4 mV, ±SD, n=68) than fused non-CF cells (−12.5±6.6 mV, n=69) and responded to the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 with an increase in the V m response to Cl− substitution, but did not respond to forskolin. This indicates that CF cells express only the Ca2+-stimulated Cl− conductance. Injection of the antibody M3A7 against a fusion protein containing amino acids 1195 to 1480 of the CF gene product into young, forskolin-stimulated or old non-CF cells decreased ΔV m,ISE and ΔV m,I within 15 min to values observed in CF cells. This indicates inhibition of the cAMP-stimulated Cl− conductance and supports the molecular identity of this conductance with the CF gene product. However, the slow onset of inhibition does not allow secondary effects to be excluded and a slight fall in R m remains unexplained. Stimulation of the Ca2+-regulated Cl− conductance was not impaired. Injection of M3A7 into CF cells or of a control antibody in non-CF cells had no effect. In the search for the single-channel equivalent of the Ca2+-stimulated Cl− conductance we injected a concentrated placental cytosol fraction containing a cytosolic inhibitor of the outwardly rectifying intermediate conductance (ORIC) Cl− channel into fused non-CF cells stimulated either with A23187 or forskolin. However, no effect was observed. This speaks against a role of the ORIC Cl− channel in the Ca2+-activated Cl− conductance, although it cannot definitely be excluded.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 430 (1995), S. 246-256 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Human respiratory epithelial cells ; Cell fusion ; Ca2+-regulated Cl− conductance ; cAMP-regulated Cl− conductance ; Halide anion selectivities
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract With the aim of further elucidating the role of the epithelial Cl− conductance and its defect in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients we studied the properties and regulation of the Cl− conductance in primary cultures of human nasal polyp epithelia. To facilitate microelectrode punctures and to gain access to the cytoplasmic compartment for injection of antibodies, we prepared giant cells using a polyethylene-glycol fusion technique. The membrane potential (V m) and resistance (R m) and their responses to ionic substitutions in the bath were measured under control conditions and in the presence of different secretagogues. In non-CF cells V m averaged −12.5 mV (SD±6.6 mV, n=69) and was independent of time after fusion, while R m dropped from 12.4±7.3 MΩ (n=51) to 3.5±5.5 MΩ (n=24) in the 2nd week after fusion. The low V m values reflected a vanishing K+ conductance in the presence of a dominating Cl− conductance that increased with time. In young cells, a Cl− conductance prevailed which could be stimulated by application of the Ca2+ ionophore, A23187, or of carbachol. As determined in CF cells, it had an outwardly rectifying current/voltage (i/V) relationship and exhibited the selectivity sequence I−〉Br−〉Cl−〉F−〉 isethionate (ISE−) both in V m and R m measurements. With increasing age after fusion, a Cl− conductance prevailed in non-CF cells which could be stimulated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) or forskolin and which was downregulated by A23187. It had a linear i/V relationship and exhibited the selectivity sequence Br−〉Cl−〉I−〉F−〉 ISE− if determined from V m measurements, but a sequence of Cl−〉Br−〉F− =ISE−〉I− if determined from R m measurements. This points to multiple-ion pore behaviour of the respective Cl− channel. In agreement with observations described in the following publication, the results suggest that the cAMP-regulated Cl− conductance corresponds to the CF-gene product while the molecular nature of the Ca2+-regulated Cl conductance is not yet known.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Feinnadelpunktionszytologie ; Neoplasie ; Glandula parotis ; Diagnostische Wertigkeit ; Keywords Fine-needle aspiration biopsy ; Parotid gland ; Neoplasms ; Diagnostic accuracy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Background: In many parts of Germany fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is still not part of the routine preoperative diagnostic evaluation of salivary gland neoplasms. Most opponents consider the study unnecessary and recommend that all salivary gland neoplasms should be excised. Objective: Because of this an evaluated the ability of FNAB to provide an accurate diagnosis of parotid gland neoplasms. Patients and method: Between January 1992 and October 1995, 336 patients referred for operative therapy of salivary gland neoplasms underwent retrospective analysis of preoperative FNAB compared with the excised tumor histology. Results: Results showed that the FNAB had a sensitivity of 93.1%, a specifity of 99.2%, a positive predictive value of 93.1%, a negative predictive value of 99.2% and an accuracy of 98.6%. Complications were observed in less than 1%. Discussion: Our findings demonstrated that the FNAB is a safe diagnostic tool that has a reliable sensitivity and high specificity for the assessment of salivary gland pathology. Since many malignant salivary gland neoplasms present with a virtual lack of symptoms indicating actual malignancy we believe that there is need for FNAB in routine preoperative diagnostic testing.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Die Punktionszytologie ist in nur wenigen Kliniken Deutschlands routinemäßiger Bestandteil der präoperativen Diagnostik von Speicheldrüsenerkrankungen. Als Hauptargument gegen die Punktionszytologie wird deren fehlende therapeutische Konsequenz angeführt. Zielsetzung: Im Hinblick auf eine genauere Planung der Art der operativen Therapie wurde die Feinnadelpunktionszytologie in der Dignitätsbeurteilung von neoplastischen Erkrankungen der Ohrspeicheldrüse überprüft. Patienten und Methode: In einer von 1/92–10/95 retrospektiv durchgeführten Untersuchung wurden 336 Patienten mit Ohrspeicheldrüsentumor punktionszytologisch und histologisch untersucht. Ergebnisse: Die Sensitivität der Punktionszytologie lag bei 93,1%, die Spezifität bei 99,22%, das positive bzw. negative Befundgewicht bei 93,1 bzw. 99,22% und die Testeffizienz bei 98,59%. Komplikationen traten in weniger als 1% auf. Schlußfolgerung: Bei seltenen und nicht gravierenden Komplikationen überwiegen die Vorteile der Punktionszytologie insbesondere hinsichtlich der in der Therapieplanung wichtigen Informationen über die Dignität der punktierten Raumforderung. Für die nicht selten klinisch symtomlosen Malignome der Kopfspeicheldrüsen stellt die Punktionszytologie eine hoch spezifische und damit bei positivem Nachweis sehr verläßliche Methode zur präoperativen Dignitätsbestimmung dar.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1433-0768
    Keywords: Key words Solid state electrochemistry ; Mössbauer ; Magnetic susceptibility ; X-ray powder diffraction ; Iron(III)-cadmium(II) hexacyanoferrates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Coprecipitates of CdII, KI and FeIII with hexacyanoferrate ions [Fe(CN)6]4− have been studied by solid-state electrochemistry (voltammetry of immobilized microparticles), magnetic susceptibility measurements, X-ray powder diffraction, electron spin resonance, Mössbauer and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Most suprisingly, all experimental results point to the formation of a continuous series of complex mixed phases without the formation of phase mixtures. Although CdII and FeIII ions differ too much in their ionic radii to allow the formation of simple substitution mixed hexacyanoferrates, they are capable of forming different kinds of complex insertion and substitution mixed crystals because of the zeolitic structure of both the iron and the cadmium hexacyanoferrate. Low cadmium concentrations can be found in the zeolitic cavities of iron hexacyanoferrate (Prussian blue), and they start to widen the lattice and facilitate, at higher concentrations, the direct substitution of high-spin iron(III) ions by cadmium ions. In cases of an excess of cadmium, the formation of cadmium hexacyanoferrate with iron(III) ions in the interstitials of the zeolitic structure is observed. These mixed phases show strong charge transfer bands in the visible range and have the appearance of “diluted” Prussian blue. For the first time, this indicates that the charge transfer between the carbon-coordinated low-spin iron(II) ions and the high-spin iron(III) ions can also occur when the latter are situated in the cavities of a host hexacyanoferrate. In Prussian blue the interstitial iron(III) ions are responsible for a very strong charge transfer interaction between the low-spin iron(II) ions and the nitrogen-coordinated high-spin iron(III) ions. Upon substitution of the very small amount of interstitial iron(III) ions in Prussian blue by potassium and cadmium ions the Kubelka-Munk function diminishes by more than 30%, indicating a tremendous decrease in iron(III)-iron(II) interaction.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 67 (1996), S. 1030-1033 
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Zyste ; Sacral ; Intradural ; Laminektomie ; Marsupialisation ; Key words Cyst ; Sacral ; Intradural ; Laminctomy ; Marsupialisation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In two female individuals (37 and 47 years old) sacral intradural arachnoid cysts caused low back pain and sciatica for several years until the correct diagnosis was established by MR imaging. Both patients had micturition disturbances (pollakisuria). In both cases a sacral laminectomy was carried out and the dorsal border of the cyst wall was resected (marsupialisation) after evacuation of xanthochrome fluid. Neither cysts showed any communication with the subarachnoid space. Postoperatively the patients were free of complaints; pollakisuria disappeared within 2–4 weeks.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird über 2 Fälle (weiblich, 37 und 47 Jahre) von sakralen intraduralen arachnoidalen Zysten berichtet, welche ein langjähriges lumbalgiformes Beschwerdebild verursacht hatten. In beiden Fällen lag eine Miktionsstörung im Sinne einer Pollakisurie vor. Die Diagnose wurde letztlich in beiden Fällen mittels Kernspintomographie gestellt. Es wurde jeweils eine sakrale Laminektomie durchgeführt, der xanthochrome Zysteninhalt entleert und die dorsale Zystenwand im Sinne einer Marsupialisation reseziert. Beide Zysten waren in sich abgeschlossen und hatten keine Kommunikation mit dem übrigen Subarachnoidalraum. Beide Patienten waren postoperativ schmerzfrei, die Miktionsstörungen bildeten sich innerhalb von 2–4 Wochen zurück.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Polyposis nasi ; Nasaler Fibroblast ; Chloridleitfähigkeit ; Zystische Fibrose ; Key words Nasal poyps ; Nasal fibroblast ; Chloride conductance ; Cystic fibrosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a complex systemic disease that has pathological alterations in the upper airways, including the recurrent formation of nasal polyps. Although the fibroblast is the predominant cell type in nasal stroma and nasal polyps, little is known about the electrophysiological properties of nasal fibroblasts. We investigated whether fibroblasts possess a cAMP-regulated chloride conductance which is impaired in patients with CF. Thus far the few studies concerning conductance in fibroblasts have been performed on skin fibroblasts using indirect methods and have yielded conflicting results. Therefore we studied chloride conductance in fused nasal fibroblasts by employing conventional microelectrodes. We have demonstrated that a cAMP-regulated chloride conductance is present in fibroblasts. However, this chloride conductance cannot be activated in fibroblasts from CF-patients. Thus, we present direct evidence that the impairment of the cAMP-regulated chloride conductance in CF is not confined to epithelial cells but also affects the fibroblast. We discuss how this conductance might modulate fibroblast proliferation to produce polyp formation.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zum komplexen Krankheitsbild der zystischen Fibrose (CF) gehören überdurchschnittlich häufig auftretende Rhinosinusitiden und Nasenpolypenbildung. Der Basisdefekt dieser Erkrankung ist im cAMP-abhängigen Chloridkanal lokalisiert. Elektrophysiologische Untersuchungen zur Chloridleitfähigkeit am nasalen Fibroblasten liegen noch nicht vor. Da der Fibroblast das Grundgerüst des Nasenpolypen bildet, erscheint es wichtig zu untersuchen, ob eine cAMP-abhängige Chloridleitfähigkeit auch im nasalen Fibroblasten nachzuweisen ist, und ob diese Leitfähigkeit bei CF-Fibroblasten defekt ist. Wir haben deshalb mit Hilfe konventioneller Mikroelektroden Potentialmessungen an Fibroblasten aus Primärkulturen von Nasenpolypen durchgeführt. Unsere Untersuchungen zeigen, daß der Nicht-CF-Fibroblast eine cAMP-regulierte Chloridleitfähigkeit besitzt, die bei CF-Fibroblasten fehlt. Die cAMP-regulierte Chloridleitfähigkeit, die in der Epithelzelle für den transepithelialen Chloridtransport und somit für die Atemwegsbefeuchtung erforderlich ist, hat im Fibroblasten offenbar eine andere Bedeutung. Sie ist wahrscheinlich an der Regulation der Zellproliferation beteiligt und könnte auf diese Weise in die Polypengenese eingreifen.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Kernspinsialographie ; Speicheldrüsengangsystem ; Nicht-invasive Diagnostik ; Speicheldrüsenerkrankungen ; Key words Magnetic resonance sialography ; Salivary gland ductal system ; Non-invasive diagnostic testing ; Parotid gland pathology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The new technique of non-invasive magnetic resonance (MR) sialography was evaluated for normal and various pathologic conditions of the parotid gland. Ten volunteers and 15 patients with various symptomatic diseases of the parotid gland were tested in the present study. Diseases included pleomorphic adenoma, cystadenolymphoma, carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, ductal carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, lymphoepithelial carcinoma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, sialolithiasis, sialadenitis, Heerfordt’s syndrome and congenital duct ectasies. In addition to the usually performed T1 and T2 cross-sectional sequences a heavily weighted T2 sequence (TR 3600, TE 800) was performed and allowed depiction of a fluid-filled parotid duct. Results showed that the main parotid and primary branching ducts were depicted reliably in all normal cases and all patients, except one with sicca syndrome. Pathological conditions such as duct dilatations, duct strictures, obstructing duct calculus and irregular shapes and courses of the ductal system were demonstrable. While X-ray sialography obtained a higher resolution, only MR sialography was able to depict dilated ducts proximal from a complete obstruction, as well as all ductal cysts. Our findings show that MR sialography can be applied successfully to investigations of the parotid gland system. There have been no contraindications or complications to date because MR sialography is non-invasive. The technique will also allow the salivary ducts and lesions to be differentiated from the course of the facial nerve.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Kernspinsialographie wird als Modifikation einer MR-Pulsfolge vorgestellt und ihre Speichelgangdarstellung mit der digitalen Subtraktionssialographie als Standard verglichen. Bei 10 gesunden Probanden und 15 symptomatischen Patienten mit Erkrankungen der Glandula parotis wurde eine stark T2-gewichtete Kernspintomographie (TR 3600, TE 800) angefertigt, so daß lediglich der intraduktale, statische Speichel signalgebend zur Darstellung kam. Die untersuchten Patienten wiesen sowohl benigne als auch maligne Tumoren, Sialolithiasitiden, Sialadenitiden, ein Heerfordt-Syndrom oder kongenitale Ganganomalien auf. Der Stenon-Gang sowie Gänge 1. Ordnung ließen sich in der Kernspinsialographie gut darstellen. In der Darstellung von Gängen 2. und 3. Ordnung war die MR-Sialographie der Subtraktionssialographie als Standardmethode unterlegen. Die Kernspinsialographie erwies sich dagegen in der Diagnostik erweiterter Gänge proximal von kompletten Gangverschlüssen und der Darstellung von zystischen Speichelretentionen überlegen. Pathologische Befunde wie Gangektasien, Gangstrikturen, intraduktale Steine, tumorös bedingte Gangverlagerungen oder Gangabbrüche konnten sowohl in der Kernspin- als auch in der Subtraktionssialographie vergleichbar erhoben werden. Die Kernspinsialographie ist aufgrund der Darstellung pathologischer Befunde generell zur Beurteilung des Speichelgangsystems der Glandula parotis geeignet. Vorteile liegen in ihrer Nichtinvasivität, dem Fehlen einer Strahlenexposition und der funktionellen Darstellung des Speichelgangsystems. Des weiteren kann mit Hilfe der Kernspinsialographie die oft publizierte, kernspintomographische Darstellung des N. facialis differentialdiagnostisch zu den Speichelgängen verifiziert, bzw. falsifiziert werden.
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