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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 49 (1971), S. 837-852 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Heart ; transplantation ; Transplantation ; Pathology ; Coronary disease ; arteriosclerosis ; Herz ; Transplantation ; Transplantation ; Pathologie ; Coronar sklerose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die morphologischen Veränderungen bei der Abstoßung eines transplantierten Herzens verlaufen bei den verschiedenen Versuchstieren und beim Menschen prinzipiell in gleicher Weise. Bei der hyperakuten Abstoßung des Transplantates bilden sich Fibrinthromben und Thrombocytenaggregate, die die Capillaren und Arteriolen verschließen. Als Ursache kommen in erster Linie zirkulierende Antikörper in Betracht. Die akute Abstoßungsreaktion am transplantierten Herzen manifestiert sich morphologisch durch dichte Infiltration des Myokards mit mononucleären Zellen, Monocyten und kleinen Lymphocyten, Endothelzellschwellungen, eine akute Arteriitis und disseminierte Herzmuskelnekrosen, die schließlich die Insuffizienz des Herzens bedingen können. Durch eine geeignete immunsuppressive Therapie mit Cortisonderivaten, Azathioprin, lokaler Röntgenbestrahlung oder durch Behandlung mit Antilymphocytenserum kann die akute Abstoßungsreaktion unterdrückt werden. Die Phase der chronischen Abstoßung ist durch eine ausgeprägte, meist stenosierende Intimafibrose der kleinen und mittelgroßen Arterien und eine interstitielle Vernarbung des Myokards gekennzeichnet. Zu den unspezifischen Herzmuskelveränderungen gehören die ischämischen, operativ bedingten Herzmuskelnekrosen und Blutungen. Ferner sind die Einflüsse der Denervierung und der Unterbrechung der Lymphgefäße zu berücksichtigen. Bei den Herztransplantationen des Menschen wurden schwere atheromatöse Veränderungen an den Koronararterien des Empfängerherzens beobachtet. Diese schwere Atheromatose wird als Folge der immunbiologisch-induzierten Endothelprozesse und der persistierenden Grunderkrankung des Empfängers sowie der langdauernden Behandlung mit Cortisonderivaten aufgefaßt. Als Nebenreaktionen und Komplikationen der immunsuppressiven Therapie werden die Infektionen, die Wirkung von Cortison, Azathioprin und lokaler Röntgenbestrahlung auf den Herzmuskel erörtert.
    Notes: Summary The morphologic changes observed during the rejection of a transplanted heart take a principally similar course in experimental animals and in man. Hyperacute rejection of the transplanted heart is characterized by fibrin thrombi and aggregates of platelets which obstruct capillaries and arterioles. These changes are primarily the result of circulating antibodies. The acute rejection of a cardiac allotransplant is morphologically expressed in the myocardium by dense infiltrates consisting of mononuclear cells, monocytes or small lymphocytes, endothelial swelling, acute arteriitis, and disseminated cell necroses which can finally cause myocardial failure. The acute rejection crisis may be prevented by immunosuppressive therapy with cortisone derivatives, azathioprine, local irradiation and treatment with antilymphocytic globulin. The phase of chronic rejection is characterized by severe and usually obliterating intimal fibrosis of small and medium-size arteries as well as by interstitial fibrosis of the myocardium. Unspecific myocardial changes are ischemic and surgical-induced necroses and hemorrhages. In addition, the effects of denervation and interruption of the lymphatic vessels have to be considered. In cardiac transplants in man, severe atheromatous changes of the coronary arteries occur in the host. This severe atheromatosis of the coronary arteries is the result of immunologically induced endothelial processes and the influence of the persisting basic metabolic disease of the host as well as of long-term therapy with cortisone derivatives. Infections constitute the most serious complications of immunosuppressive therapy. Furthermore, the effects of cortisone, azathioprine and local irradiation on the myocardium are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Deep venous thrombosis ; Heparin prophylaxis ; Fractionated heparin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a randomized controlled clinical trial, the efficacy and safety of two low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) fractions in the prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) were assessed. One hundred twenty-six patients undergoing major abdominal surgery received alternatively 2,500 APTT units b.i.d. of two LMWH fractions or 5,000 APTT units b.i.d. of an unfractionated sodium mucosal heparin (UFH). LMWH 2 differed from LMWH 1 by presenting a lower mean molecular weight and a higher anti-Xa/APTT ratio in vitro. Patients were randomly allocated to the three groups, and the development of DVT was studied with the125I-fibrinogen uptake test (RFUT). The study was interrupted and the code broken prematurely because of otherwise unexplainable bleeding events. While no thrombosis and no severe bleeding were detected in the UFH group, three (7%) RFUT-positive DVT and two (5%) hemorrhagic complications occurred in the LMWH 1 group. No thrombosis and nine (22%) cases of severe bleeding were observed in the LMWH 2 group. Thus, the latter group differed significantly from the control group with regard to subjective and objective criteria for postoperative bleeding. Although these results do not allow general conclusions as to the value of LMWH fractions in the prevention of DVT, they indicate that these preparations just as ordinary heparin have a limited therapeutic range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In the blood of 60 lean and 48 obese subjects the concentrations of free fatty acids, free glycerol, acetoacetate, esterified fatty acids and glucose were measured. When fed ad libitum with constant body weight the concentration of all metabolites was increased in the obese subjects. The differences of free fatty acids and free glycerol were statistically significant. Following a 1000 calories diet the free fatty acids increased as well as acetoacetate, while free glycerol remained on the same level. The concentrations of esterified fatty acids and glucose fell to the normal range. The abnormal metabolite concentrations in obese subjects indicate disturbances in lipid metabolism. The possible causes of these are discussed to some extent.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei 60 nichtadipösen und 48 adipösen Personen ohne wesentliche Begleitkrankheiten wurden die Blutkonzentrationen der freien Fettsäuren, des freien Glycerins, des Acetacetats, der veresterten Fettsäuren und des Blutzuckers unter Grundumsatzbedingungen bestimmt. Bei ad libitum-Kost mit Gewichtskonstanz zeigten Adipöse eine Erhöhung der Durchschnittswerte aller untersuchten Stoffe, hochsignifikant vor allem für die freien Fettsäuren und das freie Glycerin. Unter einer 1000 Kcal Reduktionskost wurde eine weitere Konzentrationszunahme der freien Fettsäuren, sowie eine signifikante Erhöhung des Acetacetatspiegels gefunden. Eine zusätzliche Änderung der Konzentration des freien Glycerins wurde vermißt. Die Konzentration des Blutzuckers und der veresterten Fettsäuren unterschieden sich von den Normwerten nicht mehr signifikant. Die erhöhten Blutspiegel der Metabolite bei Adipösen weisen auf Fettstoffwechselstörungen hin. Die möglichen Ursachen dafür werden diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: L-type calcium channel ; β Subunit isoforms ; Human heart ; Cardiac hypertrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the expression of α1 and β subunits of the L-type Ca2+ channel on the protein level in cardiac preparations from normal human heart ventricles and from the hypertrophied septum of patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). 1,4-Dihydropyridine (DHP) binding and immunorecognition by polyclonal antibodies directed against the C-terminal amino acid sequences of the β2 and β3 subunits were used for detection and quantification of α1, β2, and β3 subunits. Bmax of high-affinity DHP binding was 35±2 fmol/mg protein in HOCM and 20±2 fmol/mg protein in normal human hearts (P〈0.05). In rabbit hearts the anti-β2 subunit antibody immunoprecipitated 80% of the total amount of DHP-labeled Ca2+ channels present in the assay. Under identical experimental conditions 25% of labeled Ca2+ channels were recovered in the immunoprecipitates of both normal and HOCM ventricles. A similar partial immunoprecipitation was observed in pig hearts. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that the β2 subunit was associated with the DHP receptor/Ca2+ channel in cardiac muscle of rabbit, pig, and human heart. In neither of these purified cardiac Ca2+ channels was the β3 subunit isoform detected. Our results suggest that both α1 and β2 subunit expression is upregulated in HOCM in a coordinate manner.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Long QT syndrome ; Torsade de pointes ; Harvey Ras-1 gene ; Insertion/deletion ; Polymorphism ; Solid-phase sequencing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Patients with long QT syndrome (LQTS; MIM 192|500) frequently suffer from syncope and are threatened by sudden cardiac death due to ventricular arrhythmias, typically of the torsade de pointes type. Initial progress in revealing the molecular basis of the disease was made by the observation of genetic linkage of the disease locus to the Harvey Ras-1 gene (HRAS 1) on chromosome 11p15.5. More recently loci on chromosomes 3, 4, and 7 have also been found to be linked to LQTS, thus demonstrating heterogeneity in the causes for this disease. The present study performed sequence analysis on the HRAS 1 gene in patients with congenital and acquired LQTS to determine the frequency of HRAS 1 mutations in patients with this disease. In neither group were no mutations identified in the coding regions or in the splice donor and acceptor sites. Alleles characterized by a T to C transition in exon 1 and an insertion/deletion polymorphism upstream of exon 1 showed no significant difference in their frequencies between LQTS patients and normal controls. No quantitative influence of the such characterized genotypes on the QT duration was observed. These results demonstrate that structural mutations in the HRAS 1 gene are not a frequent cause of LQTS. Also, since there was no association of different alleles at the HRAS 1 locus with changes in QT duration, it appears unlikely that this gene is a major contributor to this disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 5 10/12-year-old girl with clinical and laboratory signs of endogenous hypercortisolism had evidence of ACTH
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 44 (1993), S. 203-204 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Chlormethiazole ; hepatic monooxygenase activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Chlormethiazole is a strong inhibitor of cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenases in isolated human liver microsomes. To assess its effect in vivo, we measured the pharmacokinetic parameters of antipyrine (1.2 g orally) and tolbutamide (0.5 g i. v.) before and after administration of chlormethiazole 314 mg b. d. for 2 days to 8 healthy volunteers. The elimination of neither substance was affected, indicating that chlormethiazole did not inhibit in vivo the cytochrome P-450 isozymes responsible for the elimination of antipyrine and tolbutamide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 598 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters A 30 (1969), S. 266-267 
    ISSN: 0375-9601
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0375-9474
    Keywords: Nuclear Reactions
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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