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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Brain Capillaries ; Brain Cortex ; Cat Brain ; Hypovolemia ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Histotopochemical and morphometric investigations were used to determine the following average values of capillary parameters in the cat's brain cortex: diameter $$\bar D_i$$ , percentage of the projected area $${{\bar A^0 } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\bar A^0 } {_{0^{Ai} } }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {_{0^{Ai} } }}$$ , surface-to-volume ratio $${{\bar S_i } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\bar S_i } {\bar V_i }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\bar V_i }}$$ , free distances between capillary surfaces $$\bar \lambda$$ and length per unit brain volume $$\bar L_{Vi}$$ . These overall average values per stereotaxically defined brain region of 6 control and 6 hypovolemic animals were calculated by a computer. The hypovolemic condition was achieved by reducing the systemic arterial blood pressure to 50 mm Hg. The resulting hypovolemia caused a significantly diminished diameter $$\bar \bar D_i$$ , a highly increased length per unit brain volume $$\bar \bar L_{Vi}$$ and an improved surface-to-volume ratio $${{\bar \bar S_i } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\bar \bar S_i } {\bar \bar V_i }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\bar \bar V_i }}$$ of cortical capillaries. The behaviour of these 5 morphometric parameters during hypovolemic oligemia in the cat's brain cortex leads to the conclusion, that an adapted state of the capillary network may be a response to a reduced blood volume and blood pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Small cell bronchogenic carcinoma ; Induction therapy ; Maintenance ; Remission rate ; Survival ; Kleinzelliges Bronchialkarzinom ; Induktionsbehandlung ; Erhaltungstherapie ; Remissionsraten ; Überlebenszeiten
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Seit Juli 1978 wurden 103 Patienten mit inoperablem kleinzelligem Bronchialkarzinom mit der Zytostatikakombination Adriamycin, Cyclophosphamid und Vincristin (ACO) behandelt. Im Stadium „limited disease“ (n=64) erfolgte während des zweiten Chemotherapiekurses eine prophylaktische Schädelbestrahlung, nach dem vierten eine konsolidierende thorakale Bestrahlung. Nach Erreichen einer kompletten Remission erhielten die Patienten prospektiv randomisiert Etoposid oder keine weitere spezifische Therapie. Ein objektives Ansprechen konnte bei 88/100 auswertbaren Patienten erzielt werden. Im Stadium „limited disease“ fanden sich 72%, im Stadium „extensive disease“ nur 33% komplette Remissionen. Im Stadium „limited disease“ betrug die hochgerechnete mediane Überlebenszeit 15,8, im Stadium „extensive disease“ 9,3 Monate (p〈0.005). Es leben noch 29 Patienten, 4 rezidivfrei länger als 24 Monate. Patienten mit kompletter Remission hatten eine statistisch signifikant (p〈0.001) längere Überlebenszeit als Patienten mit geringerem Ansprechen. Regelmäßig traten gastrointestinale und hämatologische Nebenwirkungen auf, drei Patienten starben während der Induktionsphase an Infektionen. Die kurzzeitige Induktionsbehandlung verbesserte jedoch den Krankheitsverlauf subjektiv und objektiv. Bisher ist kein positiver Effekt der zyklischen Etoposid-Gabe nach ACO festzustellen.
    Notes: Summary Since July 1978 one hundred and three consecutive patients with unresectable small cell bronchogenic carcinoma were treated with a combination of doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide and vincristine (ACO). In limited disease patients (64) the second chemotherapy course was followed by prophylactic cranial irradiation, the fourth by irradiation towards primary disease sites. Complete responders were randomised to either receive etoposide or no further maintenance therapy. Objective responses were reached in 88/100 evaluable patients, with 72% of complete remissions in limited-stage disease and 33% in extensive disease, respectively. The actuarial median survival time for limited disease patients was 15.8 months compared to 9.3 months in extensive disease (p〈0.005). 29 of the 100 patients remain still alive, 4 for more than 24 months without disease recurrence. The survival advantage of patients reaching complete remissions relative to those who did not is highly significant (p〈0.001). Acute gastrointestinal and hematological side effects were common, with possibly three drug-related deaths from infections during transient granulocytopenia (mean nadir: 600–900 cells/mm3). The present induction regimen using only four courses of chemotherapy produces high complete remission rates on roentgenography and bronchoscopy and improved survival in the majority of patients. Thus far any effectiveness of etoposide-maintenance therapy following ACO could not be substantiated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters A 79 (1980), S. 58-60 
    ISSN: 0375-9601
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Acta Psychologica 39 (1975), S. 161-174 
    ISSN: 0001-6918
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 14 (1980), S. 233-243 
    ISSN: 0047-6374
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Crystal Growth 85 (1987), S. 472-476 
    ISSN: 0022-0248
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Solid State Communications 57 (1986), S. 829-833 
    ISSN: 0038-1098
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Solid State Communications 66 (1988), S. 59-62 
    ISSN: 0038-1098
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Apoptosis of keratinocytes or intestinal epithelial cells is an important pathophysiological mechanism of organ damage during acute graft-versus-host disease.Objectives  To analyse in detail the mediators and their mutual interaction leading to keratinocyte apoptosis.Methods  Experiments were performed using a keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) and human skin explant cultures.Results  Supernatants (SN) of major histocompatibility complex nonmatched mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLCs) induced apoptosis in HaCaT cells and also in keratinocytes from skin biopsies. Although both interferon (IFN)-γ and Fas ligand (FasL) were detected in MLC-SN by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the apoptosis-inducing capacity could be fully abrogated by neutralization of IFN-γ, but not by neutralization of FasL. Recombinant (r) IFN-γ induced HaCaT keratinocyte apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Induction of HaCaT apoptosis by rFasL alone was induced only at higher doses than present in MLC-SN, but apoptosis was dramatically enhanced in the presence of rIFN-γ. Further synergistic effects with IFN-γ in the induction of apoptosis were also observed with agonistic antitumour necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor 2 antibody, soluble TRAIL and TNF-α. However, in contrast to FasL and TRAIL, TNF-α alone did not induce HaCaT apoptosis. Interleukin-1β and lipopolysaccharide did not enhance the apoptosis-inducing effect of IFN-γ. Beside its apoptosis-inducing capacity in HaCaT cells, rIFN-γ also induced autocrine IFN-γ production, and combined treatment with IFN-γ and TNF-α induced autocrine TNF-α production. Neutralization of autocrine IFN-γ protected HaCaT cells from apoptosis.Conclusions  Taken together, our data suggest a central role for IFN-γ in HaCaT keratinocyte apoptosis but also show the importance of co-acting mediators such as TNF-α, TRAIL and FasL, which potentiate the effect of paracrine and autocrine IFN-γ and TNF-α release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 40 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In Lake Constance from September 1986 to May 1988 13 adult lake dwelling brown trout (Sulmo trutta L.) were tagged with ultrasonic transmitters and tracked almost continuously for up to 13 days. Two behaviour types were observed: (a) random movement in locally restricted areas and (b) excursions of up to 40 km distance. Swimming activity during the day was significantly higher than at night in most experiments. In summer swimming depth ranged between 8 and 16 m, and in winter between 0 and 3m. The preferred water temperature was about 14°C in the thermally stratified waterbody. During the experiments mean swimming speed ranged between 0.3 km h−1 (0.1 bodylengths s−1) and 0.9 km h−1 (0.6 bodylengths s−1).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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