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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of chemical & engineering data 15 (1970), S. 417-418 
    ISSN: 1520-5134
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 65 (1987), S. 1-16 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Analgesic abuse ; Analgesic-associated nephropathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Although the question of whether or not analgesic abuse leads to a certain type of nephropathy has been investigated since 1953, no conclusive answer has been forthcoming. Epidemiologic investigations on the correlation between analgesic abuse and renal function as well as experimental animal studies have given contradictory results concerning the possibility of analgesic-associated kidney damage. However, studies on the correlation between analgesic abuse and papillary necrosis have demonstrated that this lesion coincides in 69% of the cases with an analgesic history. Follow-up studies of patients with analgesic nephropathy have shown that renal function deteriorates in 60% of the patients with continued abuse and that it stabilizes in 80% of the patients after cessation of abuse. Studies on the legislative restriction of phenacetin/acetaminophen, carried out mostly in Scandinavian countries since 1965, show a 50%–90% decline in signs of analgesic nephropathy (papillary necrosis) following a reduction in the sale of these drugs. The prevalence of analgesic abuse may be underestimated, since up to 80% of the abusers tend to deny their analgesic intake. Obviously, only a small percentage of analgesic abusers (approximately 1%) finally develop nephropathy. Even though the results of epidemiologic and experimental studies are contradictory, the results of investigations on papillary necrosis and on legislative prevention as well as of patient follow-ups tend to indicate a correlation between analgesic abuse and a well-defined type of nephropathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 65 (1987), S. 1081-1086 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hemodialysis ; Digitoxin ; Arrhythmias
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Digitoxin is considered a risk factor for ventricular arrhythmias in hemodialysis patients. In a randomized, crossover controlled study, 55 hemodialysis outpatients with sinus rhythm were prospectively investigated in two 48-h periods of electrocardiographic monitoring, one on and one off digitoxin or vice versa. The frequency of ventricular ectopic beats (mean±SD) which were found in 31 of 55 patients (56%), was slightly higher on hemodialysis (10±28 beats/h) than in the following 20 h (5.4±10 beats/h) and the next day off hemodialysis (3.6±6.6 beats/h); however, no difference was seen in patients on digitoxin during hemodialysis (10±29 beats/h), in the following 20 h (4.8±15 beats/h) and on the next day off hemodialysis (1.2±6.6 beats/h). The frequency of ventricular bigemini, polymorphous ectopies, couplets, more than 30 ectopies/h, salvos and tachycardias (10 vs 9 patients) on and off digitoxin was about the same (n.s., Fisher test). Supraventricular bigemini, salvos, tachycardias, and atrial fibrillation, however, occurred in significantly fewer patients on digitoxin (3 vs 13) than in those off digitoxin (P=0.01, Fisher test). It is concluded that digitoxin does not increase the risk of ventricular arrhythmias in hemodialysis patients. Digitoxin, however, may have a beneficial effect on the supraventricular arrhythmias frequently observed in these patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In situ measurements of seagrass photosynthesis in relation to inorganic carbon (Ci) availability, increased pH and an inhibitor of extracellular carbonic anhydrase were made using an underwater pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometer. By combining the instrument with a specially designed Perspex chamber, we were able to alter the water surrounding a leaf without removing it from the growing plant. Responses to Ci within the chamber showed that subtidal plants of the seagrasses Cymodocea serrulata and Halophila ovalis had photosynthetic rates that were limited by the ambient Ci concentration depending on the irradiance that was available during short-term photosynthesis–irradiance trials. Relative electron transport rates (RETRs) at light saturation (up to 500 μ mol photons m−2 s−1) increased by 66–100% when the Ci concentration was increased from ca. 2.2 to 6.2 mM. On the other hand, intertidal plants of the same species exhibited a much lesser limitation of photosynthesis by Ci at any irradiance (up to 1500 μ mol photons m−2 s−1). Both species were able to use HCO− 3 efficiently, and there was stronger evidence for direct uptake of HCO− 3 rather than extracellular dehydration of HCO− 3 to CO2 prior to Ci uptake. Subtidally, H. ovalis and C. serrulata grew to 10 and 12 m, respectively, where ambient irradiances were approximately 16 and 11% of those at the surface. Maximum RETRs (at light saturation) were lower for these deep-growing plants than for the intertidally growing ones. For both species, the onset of light saturation of photosynthesis (E k) occurred at approximately 100 μ mol photons m−2 s−1 for the deep water populations, which was four and two times lower than for the shallow populations of C. serrulata and H. ovalis, respectively. This, and the differences in maximal photosynthetic rates (RETR max), reflects an acclimation of the deep-growing populations to the lower light environment. The results presented here show that photosynthesis, as measured in situ, was limited by the availability of Ci for the deeper growing plants in Zanzibar, while the intertidally growing plants photosynthesised at close to Ci saturation. The latter result is contrary to previous conclusions regarding Ci limitations for these intertidal plants, and, in general, our findings highlight the need for performing similar experiments in situ rather than under laboratory conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 72.20.Jv ; 29.40.Pe ; 85.60.Dw
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The photoelectric response of p-n Si photodiodes under pulsed laser illumination (half width 10 ns) at 532 nm was studied as a function of dose which was varied over 6 orders of magnitude. The photocurrent transients are dominated by a plateau-like feature due to the build up of space charge at the intensities used. Increasing bias voltage increases the height of the plateau and decreases its length. In the low-dose range the length of the transient increases linearly with dose and the collected charge (integrated current) reaches a constant value. At high doses (above 10−5 J/pulse · cm2 or 2.7×1013 quanta/pulse · cm2) considerable charge loss (decrease in quantum yields) is accompanied by a less than proportional increase of the transient lifetime. From model calculations the dose and voltage dependence of the quantum yield of charge collection is shown to be the result of competition between current flow and first and higher order recombination. The model calculations are consistent with experimental results. Rate constants have been obtained by fitting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 87 (1982), S. 37-63 
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The geometry of supergravity is studied. New formulations of supergravity are given. The equivalence of different approaches to supergravity is analyzed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 96 (1984), S. 285-309 
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The supergravity torsion and curvature constraints are shown to be a particular case of constraints arising in a general geometrical situation. For this purpose, a theorem is proved which describes the necessary and sufficient conditions that the given geometry can be realized on a surface as one induced by the geometry of the ambient space. The proof uses the theory of nonlinear partial differential equations in superspace, Spencer cohomologies, etc. This theorem generalizes various theorems, well known in mathematics (e.g., the Gauss—Codazzi theorem), and may be of its own interest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 95 (1984), S. 161-184 
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new geometrical formalism is suggested for the non-minimal and alternative minimal supergravities. This formalism connects the constrained superspace formulations with the unconstrained ones and is based on the notion of induced geometry. The relevant mathematical technique is that ofG-structures. A clear-cut geometrical content of the torsion and curvature constraints is revealed on the basis of a general theorem about the necessary and sufficient properties of induced geometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words End-stage renal failure ; Meloxicam; haemo- dialysis ; pharmacokinetic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: The pharmacokinetics of meloxicam have been studied following administration of a single 15-mg capsule to 12 patients with end-stage renal failure. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined after haemodialysis. The pharmacokinetic profile obtained in these patients is compared to data obtained from age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers. Results: Total plasma meloxicam concentrations were lower in patients with end-stage renal failure (AUC0–∞12.6 μg ⋅ h ⋅ ml−1) in comparison with healthy volunteers (AUC0–∞39.3 μg ⋅ h ⋅ ml−1). This was reflected by an increase in total clearance (+211%). However, there was an enhanced free meloxicam fraction (unbound drug) in the end-stage renal failure patients (0.9% vs. 0.3% in healthy volunteers). This was observed in association with raised free Cmax (5.0 vs. 2.6 ng/ml) but similar free AUC0–∞(0.13 vs. 0.11 μg ⋅ h ⋅ ml−1) in both groups. Therefore, the raised free fraction is compensated for by the increased total clearance such that no accumulation of meloxicam occurs. Meloxicam plasma concentrations were similar before and after haemo- dialysis. Conclusion: Meloxicam has displayed a pharmacokinetic profile in end-stage renal failure which is similar to that observed for other highly protein bound non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). However, in view of the higher free Cmax value, and despite no evidence of accumulation, it may be prudent to treat this group of patients with a 7.5-mg dose of meloxicam. This is the lower dose normally recommended for adults. Meloxicam is not dialysable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0930-9225
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Aortenklappe – Aneurysma – Aorta – Prädiktionsmodell ; Key words Valve – aneurysm – aorta – prediction model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Dissection of the ascending aorta (type A) develops in 0.6% of patients late after aortic valve replacement (AVR) and 15% of type A dissections reveal a history of AVR. Predictors of dissection at the AVR, however, have not been characterized.¶   A study group of 33 type A dissections had aortic surgery 49±55 months after routine AVR. A group of 101 controls without morphologic progression of aortic diameters at least 6 years after AVR was utilized to identify predictors of postsurgical dissection. Multivariate analysis identified aortic regurgitation (P〈0.002) and fragility (P〈0.001) or thinning of the aortic wall (P〈0.007) at the AVR as predictors associated with a 14%, 22% and 7% probability of late aortic dissection, respectively. Duration of aortic clamping, types of valve prostheses, concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting and mean ascending aortic diameters of 43±10mm at AVR failed to predict late dissection. A separate analysis of 29 nondissecting aneurysms of the ascending aorta developing 104±64 months after routine AVR revealed younger age at the AVR (P〈0.003) and congenitally bicuspid aortic valves (P〈0.03) as predictors of late aneurysm formation. Aortic regurgitation and fragility or thinning of the aortic wall have the potential to predict late aortic dissection in patients with only moderate aortic dilation. Assessment of these predictors permits intraoperative stratification of aortic risk and may guide decisions for prophylactic surgery of the aortic root.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei 0,6% aller elektiv durchgeführten Aortenklappenersatz-Operationen entwickeln sich proximale Dissektionen der Aorta, und bei 15% aller Typ-A-Dissektionen wurde zuvor ein Aortenklappenersatz durchgeführt. Die retrospektive Analyse von 33 Patienten ergab, dass 49±55 Monate nach elektivem Aortenklappenersatz eine Typ-A-Dissektion vorlag. Um Prädiktoren einer späteren Aortendissektion zu identifizieren, wurde eine Kontrollgruppe von 101 Patienten untersucht, bei denen über einen komplikationslosen Nachbeobachtungszeitraum von wenigstens sechs Jahren eine Progredienz des Aortendurchmessers mittels tomographischer Bildgebung ausgeschlossen wurde. Eine Aortenklappeninsuffizienz zum Zeitpunkt des Klappenersatzes (P〈0,002) sowie eine intraoperativ als dünn (P〈0,007) oder fragil beschriebene Aortenwand (P〈0,001) wurden mittels multivariater Analyse als unabhängige Prädiktoren mit einer 14%, 7% und 22%igen Wahrscheinlichkeit für die spätere Entwicklung einer Aortendissektion identifiziert. Die Dauer der Aortenklemmung, Art der implantierten Aortenklappenprothese, eine zusätzliche aortokoronare Bypassoperation und der Aortenwurzeldurchmesser von 43±10mm beim Klappenersatz erwiesen sich als nicht prädiktiv. Bei Patienten mit Aortenklappeninsuffizienz und intraoperativem Befund einer dünnen und/oder fragilen Aortenwand sollte auch bei nur moderater Aortendilatation ein prophylaktischer Ersatz der Aortenwurzel durchgeführt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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